This study was carried out to determine the growth and reproductive performance of Karayaka sheep in Amasya province within the scope of National Animal Breeding Project. Data were collected from 17529 Karayaka lambs of 20120 Karayaka sheep which were born during 2012 to 2015 birth season. In this study, the live weights, survival rates of the lambs in various periods and reproductive traits of Karayaka ewes were investigated. In this study, the live weights, daily live weight gain, survival rates (90th day) and reproductive traits of Karayaka ewes were investigated. The averages of reproductive traits of Karayaka sheep such as infertility, fertility, twins, fecundity, litter size and survival rate were 13.8%, 86.2%, 7.20%, 0.867, 1.01 and 89.0% respectively. The effects of year, sex and type of birth on the birth weights and the live weights of 90 days (weaning) of Karayaka lambs were found to be significant. Daily live weight gain was affected only by year and sex.

The aim of the study was to determine the fertility traits of the Kangal Akkaraman sheep in Yildizeli and Central districts of Sivas. In this study, six years data obtained from breeders between 2013 and 2018 were used in National Animal Improvement Project coordinated by the Turkish Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. In the first year of the study, 70 enterprises in 48 villages from both districts included in the projects and these were reduced to 57 enterprises in 33 villages in the sixth year. During the six-year period, 86116 lamb records obtained from a total of 76383 ewes in all enterprises were evaluated. Overall average birth rate was 92.7%. While the differences between years were statistically significant, differences between districts were not significant. Thetriplet births were also observed but they were not evaluated separately because of their low rate (0.1%), so they were included in twin births and evaluated as twins. The average twin birth rate was 22% and differences between years, districts and mating periods (five months between August and December) were significant for that. Overall average weaned lamb rate or the survival rate of the weaning period was 91.3% and differences according to years, districts and lambing periods (five months between January and May) were statistically significant for that. According to the values obtained from 5147 lamb records that were born from 4242 ewes of known age in a sub-project of year 2013; the ages (1-10) of sheep were found to have an effect on the birth type, while it was found to be statistically insignificant for the survival rate. According to the results of the research, it would be useful to take into account the factors that increase fertility in order to maximize profitability in the study area and enterprises with similar conditions.

Bu çalışma, Kırşehir İlinde yetiştirilen Akkaraman ırkı koyunlarda gebeliğin son döneminde yapılan ek yemlemenin kuzularda doğum ve çeşitli dönemlerdeki ağırlıklar üzerine etkisinin belirlenmesi amacı ile yapılmıştır. Araştırma materyalini, 580 baş Akkaraman koyunu ve bunların 2015 doğum sezonunda doğurmuş oldukları 554 baş Akkaraman kuzusu oluşturmuştur. Akkaraman koyunları iki gruba ayrılmıştır. Her iki gruba da buğday samanı gebelik süresince verilmiştir. Ek yemleme grubuna (EYG), gebeliğin son döneminde buğday samanına ek kesif yem (400 gr/hayvan) verilmiştir. Kontrol grubuna (KG) ise gebelik süresince sadece buğday samanı verilmiştir. Araştırmada kuzuların çeşitli dönem canlı ağırlıkları, yaşama güçleri ve Akkaraman koyunlarının bazı döl verim özellikleri incelenmiştir. Akkaraman koyunlarında döl verim özelliklerinden kısırlık oranı, doğum oranı, ikizlik oranı, yavru atma oranı, koç altı koyun başına kuzu sayısı ve doğuran koyun başına kuzu sayısı değerleri EYG ve KG gruplarında sırasıyla %12 ve %9, %86 ve %91, %13 ve %5, %2 ve %0, 0,96 ve 0,95, 1,12 ve 1,04 olarak bulunmuştur. Kuzularda yaşama gücü 90. gün ve 120. günde EYG ve KG gruplarında sırasıyla %84, %80 ve %91, %91 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Akkaraman kuzularının doğum, 90. ve 120. günlük yaştaki canlı ağırlık ortalamaları EYG ve KG gruplarında sırasıyla 5,82±0,06 kg, 30,94±0,44 kg, 35,91±0,09 kg ve 3,43±0,05 kg, 30,17±0,39 kg, 30,84±0,39 kg olarak tespit edilmiştir. Ek yemlemenin, cinsiyet ve doğum tipine göre, doğum ağırlığı ve 120. gün yaş ağırlığı üzerine etkisi önemli bulunmuştur. 90. gün ağırlığı bakımından ise sadece doğum tipinin etkisi çok önemli bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, gebeliğin son döneminde yapılan ek yemlemenin kuzuların doğum ve 120. gün ağırlıklarını artırdığı tespit edilmiştir.

The Black Sea Region has a convenient structure for small ruminants in livestock activities thanks to its mountainous, rugged terrain, climate and socio-economic structure. Ordu is the third largest city of the Black Sea Region. The purpose of this research is to determine the current status of small ruminant in Ordu province and offer solutions by defining the problems.

This study was conducted by using a survey made at 80 enterprises from 63 villages with the aim of determining situations, problems and solution proposals related to the sheep and goat farms in Kastamonu province. The average age of the farmers was 49.3 years. The farmers were 8.75% of primary school graduates, 68.75% of secondary school and also 22.6% of illiterate. The enterprises have raised animals as 31.75% of state + own land and 68.75%’ of private + leased land. Also they are kept the rate of 70% Hair goat, 30% Angora goat and 55% Merino sheep, 42.5% Akkaraman sheep, and 16.25% Turkmen genotype, 7.5% Sakız sheep and 6.25% of Kıvırcık Sheep. The average flock sizes goat and sheep enterprises were 77.3 head goats and 71.7 heads sheep, respectively. Sixty percent of the breeder feed their animals on the pasture for 8-10 months and only 30% the breeders give supplementary feeding before and during mating period. The enterprises have 31.2% parturition chamber and 92.5% lamb growth areas. While all enterprises are routinely used to protective vaccines but only used disinfectant of 73.7% enterprises. The reason of sheep and goat breeders is majority contributions of income and habits. So, flock sizes are small (74.5 heads animal). In conclusion, young people by encouraging small animal farming in the province of Kastamonu, should be given to technical, economic support and educational seminars. In the future, as the sole source of income and a large flock size may lead to a development of sheep and goat breeding in Kastamonu province.

Improvement studies are conduct to increasing of productivity native sheep breeds. This studies requires being quite comprehensive and disciplined. Improvement studies to achieve the desired characteristics and in which phase of finish is crucial. In this review, we focus on obtaining and fixing type in order to need to be implemented methods in sheep and goats.

The Central Anatolia Region is one of the seven geographical regions which are 151 thousand square meters of surface area and it is about 21.0% of Turkey's land area. The population rate of cattle breeds in the Central Anatolia Region is 20.4% exotic cattle breeds, 19.1% crossbred, 11.6% native cattle breeds and total 18.1% in Turkey. The Central Anatolia Region cattle population is consists of 43.9% of exotic breed, 43.5% crossbred and 12.6% the native cattle breeds. The population of exotic cattle breeds (69.5%) in Nigde province is the first place and followed by Eskisehir provinces rate of 65.6% in the Central Anatolia Region. The rate of crossbred cattle population is the highest rate (65.0%) province of Sivas and followed by Çankırı province (62.8%). Ankara and Yozgat province has the highest rate of native cattle breed 28.3% and 25.5%, respectively. The total populations of cattle breeds in Konya and Kırıkkale provinces were found maximum 518.291 cattle and minimum 45.426 cattle, respectively, in the Central Anatolia Region. The population rate of exotic and crossbred cattle breeds has increased 67.0% and 11.8%, respectively, while population rate of native cattle breeds has decreased 30.3% from 2007 to 2011 in the Central Anatolia Region. The 20.1% of sheep, 8.2% of goat and 18.3% rates of total livestock population in Turkey are in the Central Anatolia Region. The population rate of sheep and goat of the Central Anatolia Region is 20.1% and 9.5%, sheep and goat respectively and 18.3% total in Turkey. The 70.9% for Angora goats, 8.2% hair of goats, and 17.7% indigenous of sheep breeds and 66.0% crossbreed to national Sheep and Goat population has risen in the Central Anatolia Region. All of these results are evaluated, Central Anatolia Region, Turkey, the contribution of animal products grown by population of cattle and small ruminants is important and can be considered a center of attraction for investment in animal breeding

The concern of utilizing native coraps as forage supplements instead of antibiotics has increased in order to manipulate rumen fermentation.The purpose of current work was to determine effects of co-addition zeolites of and Yucca schidigera (YS) plant containing high level of saponin to sheep feed on plasma Aspartat aminotransferaz (AST), ALT (Alanin aminotransferaz) and Gama glutamil transferaz (GGT) levels. A total of 24 sheep wereusedas 6 of eachgroup. Sheepwas fed foronemonth as control, supplementedwithZeolite (3%), Yuccaschidigera (YS, 1500 ppm) and Zeolite (3%) + YS (1500 ppm) to basal diet. When trial finished, plasma AST, ALT and GGT levels were determined in blood samples taken from all groups. In the study, detected supplement of zeolite and YS did not have an impact on ALT and AST, whereas zeolite additions decreased GGT levels. As a result; zeolite and YS supplementation applied in this study did not have a negative impact liver welfare sheep.

Dünyada artan nüfusun sağlıklı ve dengeli beslenmesi amacıyla tarımsal üretimde konvansiyonel üretim biçimi yaygın olarak yapılmaktadır. Ancak bitkisel ve hayvansal üretimde verimi artırmak ve hastalıklarla mücadele etmek amacıyla kullanılan kimyasal maddeler su ve toprağa geçerek insan ve hayvan sağlığını etkilemektedir. Günümüzde Avrupa Birliği (AB) ülkeleri, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD), Japonya, Kanada ve Avustralya gibi gelişmiş ülkeler başta olmak üzere dünyadaki tüketiciler çevreye zarar vermeyen, insan ve hayvanlar üzerinde olumsuz etki yapmayan tarım ürünleri tüketim yönünde taleplerde bulunmaktadırlar. Koyun ve keçi yetiştiriciliği hem ülkemizde hem de dünyada organik hayvansal et ve süt üretiminde tüketicilerin taleplerini karşılamada önemli rol almaktadır. Dünyada 2012 yılında organik sertifikalı sığır, koyun ve domuz sayısı sırasıyla; 4,6, 5,6 ve 1,0 milyon baştır. Avrupa Birliği (AB)’inde bulunan 28 ülkenin 2015 yılında organik sertifikalı sığır, domuz, koyun, keçi ve tavuk sayısı sırasıyla; 3,7, 0,978, 4,5, 0,718 ve 31,6 milyon baştır. Türkiye’de organik hayvancılıkta en önemli oransal artış keçi yetiştiriciliğinde gerçekleşmiş (%652,1), bunu sırasıyla kanatlı (%187,7) ve koyun (%22,3) yetiştiriciliği izlemiştir. Türkiye’de 2015 yılında üretilen organik süt üretiminin %2,6 koyundan ve %6,3’ü keçilerden, organik kırmızı et üretimini ise %38,2 koyundan ve %1,6 keçiden sağlanmaktadır.

The aim of the present study was to compare the incidence of brucellosis in groups of Kangal Akkaraman sheep flocks raised in farm conditions in Sivas province. The first and second groups of the sheep flocks were part of the 8 sub-projects which belong to The Project entitled “Nationwide Genetic Improvement of Small Ruminants in Farm Condition” continued for 7 and 1-3 years, respectively. The third group of the sheep flocks was not part of this nationwide project. The study material consisted of 1491 units of blood serum (n=278, 1166 and 47 for the first, second and third groups, respectively). Brucella antibodies were looked for in blood serum using tube and slide agglutination tests. The incidences of brucellosis were 4% and 7.5% in flocks which were part of the nationwide project continued for 7 and 3 years, respectively and 25.5% for the flocks not part of the nationwide project. The differences between groups were found statistically significant. Even though there was no brucella vaccination programs in the flocks of the nationwide project, practices such as regular controls of the flocks by veterinary technicians, drug/vaccination applications for parasites and some other diseases, removal of rams positive for brucella before breeding season significantly reduced the incidence of brucella. As a result, promoting good breeding practices along with the brucella vaccination program applied by the related Ministry can be very beneficial for the eradication of brucella disease that is a big problem for the country.