This study was conducted in two locations have different altitudes in the cities which have different climates as Ankara, Ordu, Erzurum, Mersin. The purpose of this work was to define some physiological properties of the bees such as the survivability of colony, wintering ability, usage of stoked honey and to discuss all these data. This study lasted two years and the second year was the continuation of the first year. At the beginning of the year, colonies which has the same genotype were equalized as number of combs covered with bees, stocked honey and brood areas and so on. According to the data analysis, it was obtained that the quantity of the stocked honey was not statistically significant by the region×altitude×year interaction. However, year×region and region×altitude interactions were statistically significant. Similarly, it was obtained that the wintering ability was not statistically significant by the region×altitude×year interaction. The only year×region interaction was statistically significant. Also, descriptive statistics obtained for the survivability of the colonies (%) during the first and second year was added statistically to this application. As a result, this work showed that migratory beekeepers could reevaluate the regions which have the microclimate properties in Aegean, Mediterranean, and the Black Sea. And new research should be made by adding different species of honeybees for the performance of overwintering in different climates.

Bu araştırma Göller Yöresi (Türkiye) florasında farklı lokasyonlarda doğal olarak yetişen Cnidium silaifolium (Jacq.) Simonkai’nin meyve uçucu yağ oranı ve bileşenlerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla 2014 yılında yürütülmüştür. Uçucu yağ oranı clavenger tipi hidro-distilasyon cihazında, uçucu yağ bileşenleri ise GC/MS’de belirlenmiştir. Aksu (1,120 m) ve Dedegöl (1,540 m) lokasyonlarından alınan meyvelerin uçucu yağ oranları sırasıyla %0,50 ve %0,67, uçucu yağı oluşturan bileşen sayıları ise sırasıyla 38 ve 29 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Her iki lokasyonda da uçucu yağı oluşturan önemli bileşenlerin β-Elemene (%22,30-29,79), Trans-Caryophyllene (%11,85-21,88), Germacrene-D (%9,74-17,31), α-Humulene (%5,22-5,85) ve δ-Cadinene (%4,82-6,66) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada rakımın uçucu yağı oluşturan bileşenler ve oranları üzerine önemli derecede etki gösterdiği, düşük rakımda bulunan bazı bileşenlerin yüksek rakımlarda bulunmadığı tespit edilmiştir.

For a long time, many cultures around the world have used Tribulus terrestris L. in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. In this study, the antioxidant activity and total phenolic and flavonoid content of extracts obtained with various solvents from T. terrestris plant collected from different localities in Kahramanmaraş were investigated. In addition, the fixed oil content of the extracts was examined by GC-MS analysis and as a result, 26 different fatty acids were determined. The main fatty acid components of plant extracts are linoleic acid, oleic acid and palmitic acid. The total phenolic substance value of plant extracts varies between 2.20-18-77 mg g-1, total flavonoid amount varies between 0.06-0.50 mg g-1, FRAP value varies between 6.16-23.50 µg g-1 and DPPH value varies between 1.54-10.54 µg mL-1. It was observed that the solvents used in extraction affected the bioactivity values rather than the locations. Although the absorbance values of the extracts obtained with hexane were high, low extract yield affected the results. The highest values in all characters examined were obtained from ethanolic extracts.