Achieving higher efficiency and better quality production with appropriate irrigation regimes in silage maize cultivation in soils mixed with urban sludge is a requirement of sustainable agriculture. Therefore, a two-year field study was carried out with three replicates with four different sewage sludge doses (D0: 0 t/ha, D1: 30 t/ha, D2: 60 t/ha, and D3: 90 t/ha), and three different irrigation regimes (S1, S2, and S3). In the S1, S2 and S3 regimes, when the sum of (Reference evapotranspiration - Effective rainfall) was 25 mm, 50 mm and 75 mm, respectively, irrigation was carried out and the soil moisture deficit was completed to the field capacity. Considering the two-year average, increasing sewage sludge dose and frequent irrigation significantly increased fresh and dry biomass yields and crude protein, while decreasing acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). The fresh biomass yield in D3 treatment was 12.4%, 20.6%, and 42.1% higher than D2, D1, and D0, respectively. ADF in D3 was 5.6%, 2.1% and 1.7% lower than D0, D1 and D2, respectively, while NDF was 4.4%, 3.7% and 2.1% lower. D3 treatment increased the crude protein value by 27.3%, 15.5% and 7.7% compared to D0, D1 and D2 treatments, respectively. S1 provided 12.9% and 28.3% higher fresh biomass yield compared to S2 and S3. ADF value in S1 was 0.69% and 2.4% lower than S2 and S3, respectively, and NDF value was 0.86% lower compared to S3. There was a positive linear relationship with a high correlation between fresh and dry biomass yields. It could be concluded that D3-S1 treatment is the most effective practice for higher and quality yields, and followed by D3-S2 treatment.

The study was conducted to determine forage quality criteria of Salvia multicaulis VAHL. species collected from different locations of Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey in 2018. Results of statistical analysis of the study data revealed that there were significant differences among the locations for all of the investigated traits. Additionally, among the locations the investigated traits were changed as following; dry matter content (DM) 88.66-91.58%, crude protein content (CP) 16.47-25.37%, insoluble protein content in acid detergent (ADP) 0.8%-1.10%, acid detergent fiber content (ADF) 22.08-29.54%, neutral detergent fiber content (NDF) 29.71-%43.85%, calcium (Ca) content 1.22-1.82%, phosphor (P) content 0.23-0,40%, Ca:P ratio 3.05-6.87, potassium (K) content 1.20-2.58%, magnesium (Mg) content 0.28-0.46% and K/(Ca+Mg) ratio 0.55-1.44. Results of the study revealed that dry forage of Salvia multicaulis species is both rich in terms of crude protein content and having a high digestibility level and its macro minerals content and K/(Ca+Mg) ratio to be sufficient for animal feeding. However, due to its too high level Ca:P ratio than critical top level (2:1), it is important to be careful against the risk of poisoning of animals when the forages of this species are used in animal feeding. Hence, additional research is required to determine the harmful effect of the species on the livestock health.

This study aimed to investigate appropriate seed rates for legume-turnip intercrops under different harvest stages. Turnip (Brassica rapa L. var. rapa) was sown with common vetch (Vicia sativa L.), Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz) and pea (Pisum sativum ssp. arvense L. Poir) in 2014 with four different combinations (100% legume, 75% legume + 25% turnip, 50% legume + 50% turnip, 100% turnip) and catted in two different times when the beginning and end of the flowering of turnip. The study was conducted in Yozgat-Turkey with three replicates. Hay yield, protein yield, ADF, NDF, Ca, Mg, P, K, Land Equivalent Ratio, Competitive Ratio and Aggressivity characteristics were determined in view of the combinations. The results of this study, 50%HV + 50%T and sole pea harvested turnip was at the beginning of flowering stage were the best treatments. On the other hand, when harvest was done at end of the flowering of turnip 50%P + 50%T, 75%P + 25%T and 50%HV + 50%T intercropping were the high yielding treatment.

This study was carried out during the summer of 2014 to determine alternative quality forage sources that could be grown in the Aydın ecological conditions. In the study, effects of 3 different mixtures and 2 pure species (100% Buckwheat, 25% Buckwheat -75% Soybean, 50% Buckwheat -5 0% Soybean, 75% Buckwheat - 25% Soybean, 100% Soybean) and 2 different harvesting times (50%-100% flowering/buckwheat) on yield and quality characteristics were investigated. According to measurements, the highest average herbage yield was obtained from 75% Buckwheat-25% Soybean application (3100 kg/da) at 2nd harvest time. When the average of hay yield was examined, the results were similar to herbage yield. When ADF and NDF were examined, the highest values were seen at the 2nd harvest. When the crude protein ratios were examined, it was found that they decreased at the 2nd harvesting time and the highest value was determined at 100% soybean application at the 1st harvesting time (21.08%). When Digestible Dry Matter (DDM) and Relative Feed Value (RFV) were examined, the highest values were determined in 100%Soybean applications at first harvest time and when the mixture applications were examined, the highest values were determined to be 75% Buckwheat - 25% Soybean application. As a result of the study, it was determined that the yields obtained at the 2nd harvest time were higher but the forage quality decreased. When the mixtures were examined, it was determined that the mixture having the highest roughage value was 75% buckwheat + 25% soybean application. In this study, the buckwheat which have short vegetation and good quality and the soybean, which is infront of with high quality, mixtures were examined. It has also been found that these mixtures may be important for obtaining high-quality forage in the short and intermediate periods.