Bu çalışmada, Türkiye opilionid faunası endemizm açısından değerlendirilmekte ve bu grubun Türkiye’nin biyolojik zenginliği içindeki mevcut durumu ve önemi ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla ülkemiz otbiçenleri üzerine yapılmış olan çalışmalar incelenmiş ve 6 familyaya ait 35 tür ve 2 alt türün endemik olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu türlerin familya ve cinslere göre dağılımı belirlenmiş ve grafiklerle gösterilmiştir.

Bu çalışmada, farklı tarımsal ürünlerin yetiştirildiği alanlardan izole edilen mikrofungusların tarımsal üretimde sık kullanılan bir fungisit olan benomile karşı duyarlılık/dirençlilik durumları ortaya çıkarılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu amaçla mikrofungus izolatları katı besiyeri ortamında benomile direnç yönünden taranmış, dirençli olduğu görülen izolatlar sıvı besiyerine alınarak gelişimlerinin hangi oranlarda engellendiği anlaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında izole edilen 183 mikrofungus izolatından 23 tanesinin benomile direnç gösterdiği saptanmıştır. Benomilin bu dirençli türlerin gelişimini engelleme oranının %19 ile %66 arasında olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

In this study 384 Turkish originated oat genotypes obtained from different gene banks, were characterized and evaluated for agronomical traits with four commercial cultivars (Checota, Sebat, Faikbey and Seydişehir) under augmented experiment design for 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 cropping years. Oat landraces were evaluated for stem diameter (SD), plant height (PH), panicle length (PL), vegetative period (VP), grain filling period (GFP), days to maturity (DM), grain number per panicle (GNP), grain weight per panicle (GWP), thousand kernel weight (TKW), lodging (LOD), barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) and single row yield (SRY) under Kahramanmaraş conditions. According to the results of field trail for two years, differences of genotypes were significant for SD, PH, PL, VP, DM, TKW and SRY. However, the components such as SD, PL, VP, GFP, DM, GNP, GWP, TKW and SRY were significantly changed for the years and year x genotype interactions were also significant for PL, VP, DM, TKW and SRY. The landraces performed better than the commercial ones for the most of the evaluated traits. The SRW ranged between 4.65 g (TL444) to 202.1 g (TL614). Moreover, the other genotypes with the higher SRY were TL708, TL714, TL734 and TL703 genotypes with 167.85, 160.25, 153.90 and 149.7 g SRY, respectively.

The objective of this study was to develop a rapid infrared technique to determine 10 key quality parameters (sucrose, glucose, fructose, reducing sugar, 5-HMF, °Brix, moisture content, water activity, pH and free acidity) in honey by using new generation portable and handheld devices. The composition of honey samples (n=59) collected from different parts of Turkey was analyzed by using established reference methods, giving wide range of concentrations for each parameter. The levels of sucrose and 5-HMF in some samples were above the established regulatory limits (Codex Alimentarius and European Union standards), indicating possible adulteration or process and storage abuse. Spectra were collected by using portable Fourier-Transformed infrared (FTIR) and handheld NIR (Near Infrared) spectrometers. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) approach was used to correlate the spectral features with compositional reference values, giving strong linear correlation coefficients and standard errors of prediction. Although both systems performed similarly, portable FTIR system was superior in predictions of sucrose, 5-HMF and free acidity while portable NIR system performed noticeably better for °Brix and moisture content. The data indicates that all of the 10 parameters can be measured within the minutes using both systems, providing reliable screening capabilities, flexibility and the potential for in-field applications.

The objective of this study was to investigate the nutrient content, phytonutrient composition, physicochemical properties, alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase inhibition activity and antioxidant activity of the brown algae Stoechospermum marginatum collected from Gulf of Mannar, Tamil Nadu, India in pre monsoon season (June- September, 2015). Six and eight hours of ethanol and aqueous extract of Stoechospermum marginatum were used for phytonutrient screening, alpha amylase, alpha glucosidase inhibition activity and antioxidant activity. From the results of the study it is understood that Stoechospermum marginatum contain a high amount of carbohydrate, protein, crude fiber and phytonutrients like tannin, flavonoid, saponin, alkaloid, terpenoids, steroid and total phenolic content. The physicochemical properties namely Water absorption and Swelling power were very promising. Alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase inhibition activity was recorded to be high in both aqueous and ethanol extracts of eight hour extraction than in extracts taken from six hours extraction. Antioxidant activity was detected using DPPH, FRAP, beta carotene scavenging and H2O2 assay and found to have a high radical scavenging activity. Stoechospermum marginatum possess a valuable amount of total phenolic content and other phytonutrients and physicochemical properties, it may the reason for the potential inhibition of alpha amylase, alpha glucosidase and antioxidant activity. It is concluded from the study that the brown algae may be incorporated into foods to enhance their nutritional and therapeutic value.

The development in science  technology and the researches made in the health field showed that nutrition increases the effectiveness of medical treatment as well as maintaining the human health and singularly effective in the treatment of certain diseases. In recent years, the importance of nutritional elements called ‘Functional foods’ has increased. Functional foods provide physiological benefits and can reduce the risk of chronic diseases beyond their nutritional benefits. One of these functional compounds is conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers which have significant effects on human health and previously have been demonstrated in the researches carried out on people and animals. CLA’s attracted more attention after detection of its body fat accumulation reducing, antidiabetic, immune system enhancing, arteriosclerosis reducing, bone mineralization increasing effects.

Organic agriculture approach started with coming up the adverse effect’s of chemical and genetic inputs on human health and natural environment in time, it has been also continued by raising the importance nowadays. Organic agriculture production amount of Turkey was 331.361 tons in 191.785 ha areas, although it was reached up to 1.627.106 tons (391% increased) in 379.042 ha (98% increased) areas. Black sea region has nearly 18.000 ha area (4.7%) of organic agriculture areas of Turkey. The region has organic agriculture potential with regard to regional land structure and qualification of produced products. In 2010, organic agriculture production was 31.960 tons in 88.322 ha areas, although it was 119.425 tons (274% increased) in 18.061 ha (80% decreased) areas in 2016. In recent years, Rize (57%), Tokat (14.6%), Ordu (7.5%), Gümüşhane (4.9%) and Samsun (3.8%) are leading provinces in the region in terms of organic production quantities. Tea (67.927 tons: 57.7%), hazelnut (11.785 tons: 9.9%), apple (11.253 tons: 9.4%), pear (5.207 tons: 4.4%), maize (4.705 tons: 3.9%) and alfalfa (4.301 tons: 3.6%) are major organic products of Black Sea region. At present study, current situation of organic plant production and potential in the Black Sea region were presented.

Selection of dairy cattle for higher milk yield, without considering important non-production traits, has decreased reproductive efficiency. Thus, low reproductive performance is a major problem in high yielding dairy cattle. Previous studies showed that dietary manipulation to improve fertility holds much promise and dietary fats have positive effects on reproductive functions in high yielding dairy cattle. Positive effects of fats on reproductive performance due to the fatty acids, which are the precursors of progesterone and prostaglandins. Progesterone and prostaglandins hormones are most important factors that play a role on the control of reproductive functions. The amount of linoleic, linolenic and arachidonic fattty acids in ration can be increase or decrease progesterone and prostaglandins synthesis especially PGF2α from ovary and uterus, respectively. Also fatty acids can be influence follicular development, ovulation, embryonic implantation and maternal recognition of pregnancy. This review focuses on the relationships between dietary fatty acids and reproductive functions such as hormone profiles, ovarian function and follicular development, oocyte quality, embryo development, embryonic implantation and maternal recognition of pregnancy in dairy cattle.

This study aims to investigate the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on tomato yield by using econometric models. The data obtained by questionnaire from 53 farmers who produce tomatoes in Tokat province constitute the main material of the study. The Simple Random Sampling Method was used to determine the sample size with a 90% confidence interval and 10% margin of error. Nine models were tried to determine the best model to explain the effect of nitrogenous fertilizer usage in tomato cultivation. The data in the models were used to calculate the growers’ optimal fertilizer amount of use (physical optimum and economical optimum values were calculated) and the results were compared to the ones suggested by the experts. As a result, through the statistical studies, quadratic model was found to be the most suitable one. It has been determined that tomato farmers use less (10.54 kg da-1) or excess (23.48 kg da-1) N fertilizer than the level at which economic optimum is achieved.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the amount of cow milk production and its price in Turkey in the period between 1985-2015.The Koyck model that is one of the distributed lag models was used to analyse of these data. The production of cow milk was considered as dependent variable and the price series consisting of cow milk prices and lagged price series are considered as explanatory variable in the model. According to the results of Koyck model, it was determined that the production of cow milk was affected by the prices of maximum one year retrospectively and the time required to dramatically affect to production of cow milk of the change taken place in prices of cow milk was 2.9 years. Furthermore, the increase of 1 TL in price of cow milk decreases the production of cow milk by 183372.4 tonnes. On the other hand, the increase of 1 TL in prices in the previous period decreases the production of cow milk by 137345.9 tonnes. Based on these data, it can be said that the price of cow milk composed in the free market conditions is rather efficient in determination to production amount. In conclusion, economic measures such as making of production planning, constituting of efficient marketing opportunities, price policies and giving a place to stable production can be taken against to fluctutations in the price increases.