Yapılan çalışmada, iç mekân tasarımının kurumsal kimlik ilkesiyle nitelikli hale getirilmesi hedeflenerek eğitim mekânlarında, duvar yüzeyi tasarımının yapılması, uygulanması ve böylece belirlenen örneklem alanlarının iç mekân tasarımıyla kurumsal kimliği kapsayıcı şekilde kullanıcıya kazandırılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada materyal olarak Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü ve Selçuk Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi’nin girişinde bulunan duvar yüzeyleri kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın metodunda, literatür araştırması yapılarak iç mimarlık disiplini üzerinden kurumsal kimlik ve eğitim mekânlarına odaklanılmıştır. Sonrasında örneklem alanlarını sürekli kullanan personel ve öğrencilerin görüş ve önerileri alınarak gözlem ve analizlerde bulunulmuştur. Buna bağlı olarak ele alınan eğitim mekânlarının girişlerinde kurumsal kimliği logo ile temsil eden, odaklayıcı aydınlatmalarla pekiştirilmiş, gelen misafir ve öğrencilerin fotoğraf çekinebilecekleri duvar yüzeylerinin olması gerektiği gözlemlenmiştir. Edinilen verilere göre, materyal olarak ele alınan eğitim mekânlarının kurumsal kimliğine göre duvar yüzeyi tasarımı yapılmış ve uygulanmıştır. Tasarımın uygulanmasından sonra, yerinde gözlem ve analizlere dayanarak personel ve öğrencilerin kuruma karşı aidiyetlik duygusunun geliştiği, gelen misafirlerin ve mezunların günümüzde yaygın olarak gerçekleştirilen fotoğraf çekme eyleminde bulunarak kurumun tanınırlığını arttırdığı, tasarımı yapılan duvar yüzeyinin ait olduğu mekâna kazandırılarak aktif hale geldiği görülmektedir.

The squash fruit provides provitamin A in form of alpha-carotene, beta-carotene and lutein that can be degraded when dehydrated to stabilize dry matter. The objective of the research was to analyze the carotene retention in response to the osmo dehydration conditioning process (OD) with pure molasses and hot air drying (HA) without sun exposure vs. partial sun exposure (S). The best stable dry matter yield corresponded to HA with and without sodium eritorbate protection (SE) in 5% solution with 8.5 and 14 hours of permanence in the process and mass yield between 99.45% and 98.5% respectively, that corresponded to the following humid-solid loss models: Y = 454.66935e-0.2648339x (r=0.965) and Y = 463.07976e-0.16167667x (r=0.978) respectively. Total fresh fruit carotene oscillated between 1114.9 and 1365.8 mg gr-1, and 222.2, 60.2 and 157.5 mg gr-1 of alpha-carotene, beta-carotene and lutein respectively. The squash fruit conditioning process to a 12% stable dry matter moisture, requires hot air drying (55C for 9 hours with an air flow of 10 m.s-1) in absence of sun exposure, to retain up to 45% of total carotene and achieve enough raw material up to 66.8, 33.5 and 44.7 mg gr-1 of alpha-carotene, beta-carotene and lutein respectively. | El fruto de zapallo aporta provitamina A en forma de a-caroteno, b-caroteno y luteína que se pueden degradar al deshidratarlo para estabilizar la materia seca. El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar la retención de carotenos en respuesta al proceso de acondicionado por osmodeshidratación (DO) con melaza pura y secado con aire caliente (AC) sin exposición al sol Vs. secado a exposición parcial al sol (S). El mejor rendimiento de materia seca estable correspondió a AC con protección de eritorbato de sodio (ES) y sin él en solución al 5% con 8.5 y 14 horas de permanencia en el proceso y rendimiento másico entre 99.45% y 98.5% respectivamente, que correspondió a los siguientes modelos de pérdida de sólido húmedo:Y = 454.66935e -0.2648339x r=0.965) y Y = 463.07976e-0.16167667x (r=0.978) respectivamente. El caroteno total en fruto fresco osciló entre 1114.9 y 1365.8 mg. g-1, y 222.2, 60.2 y 158.5 de a-caroteno, b-caroteno y luteína respectivamente El proceso de acondicionado de fruto de zapallo hasta materia seca estable con 12% de humedad, requiere secado con aire caliente (55°C durante nueve horas con flujo de aire de 10 m.s-1) en ausencia de brillo solar, para retener hasta 45% de carotenos totales y lograr materia prima idónea hasta con 66.8, 33.5 y 44.7 mg. g-1 de a-caroteno, b-caroteno y luteína respectivamente.

One of the most important impacts of the Covid 19 pandemic that broke out in China in the last months of 2019 was on the agricultural sector and, consequently, on the food supply. This situation manifested itself in an increase in food insecurity and food prices in countries around the world, and rising food prices highlighted the risk of undernourishment. The study attempted to statistically represent the impact of the pandemic on food security and food price increases in countries around the world. The study first compared the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods in terms of three basic indicators, such as food security, food prices, and undernourishment rates, and examined whether there was a significant difference between the two periods. Within the context of these three indicators, an attempt was then made to determine whether the negative impact of the pandemic was more severe in low-income countries. The results of the analysis showed that food prices, food insecurity, and undernourishment increased during the pandemic and that these impacts were relatively greater in developing countries. Therefore, the financial burden of these negative impacts associated with food supply was greater in developing countries.

Latin America is a diverse region that exhibits a high environmental, cultural and social wealth, likewise, this region presents a variety of ways according to their agricultural production conditions, cultures, practices and cultural, economic and political factors; this wide variety of factors influence the levels of agricultural productivity and hence competitiveness capacity of the region. The seed sector is different in each country and includes features, activities, dynamics and norms according to their local contexts, even within the same country coexist differences among seed crops sectors and / or regions. Considering that each system has its own characteristics, actors and interactions, it is necessary to propose studies to address knowledge through which the state of development of the sector in each country is determined. In this study a literature review and search for available data on seed systems in Brazil, Guatemala, Peru and Colombia is done to present factors and conditions on the state and development of the seed system in each of these countries. Overall, Brazil system shows an evolved system according to the Douglas (1982) classification criteria system. Colombia and Peru, have more developed systems for some crops than others, the most developed systems correspond to crops with higher economic interest while other cultures rely on informal systems such as self-sufficiency. In Guatemala, the supply of seeds is largely dependent on the farmers’ own production and public organizations through programs aimed at supporting small farmers | América Latina es una región que posee una gran riqueza ambiental, cultural y social, con sistemas variables de agricultura según sus condiciones de producción, cultivos, y factores culturales, económicos y políticos. Esta amplia diversidad de factores influye en los niveles de productividad agrícola y en la capacidad competitividad de la región. El sector de semillas es diferente en cada país y posee características, dinámicas y normas propias según sus contextos locales, incluso, dentro de un país coexisten diferencias entre los sectores semilleros entre cultivos y/o regiones. Considerando que cada sistema tiene sus propias características, actores e interacciones, se hace necesario proponer estudios para abordar su conocimiento a través de los cuales se determine el estado de desarrollo del sector en cada país. En este estudio se realiza una revisión bibliográfica y búsqueda de datos disponibles referentes a los sistemas de semillas de Brasil, Guatemala, Perú y Colombia con el fin de presentar el estado y desarrollo del sistema en cada uno de ellos. En general, el sistema en Brasil muestra un sistema evolucionado según los criterios de clasificación de Douglas (1982). Colombia y Perú presentan sistemas desarrollados para algunos cultivos, especialmente los de tipos comercial de mayor interés. En Guatemala el abastecimiento de semillas depende principalmente de la producción propia de agricultores y/u organizaciones públicas mediante programas dirigidos al apoyo de pequeños agricultores

Bu çalışma, farklı düzeylerde organik asit temeline dayalı sodyum format (SF) ilavesinin koçansız şeker mısır silajlarının ham besin madde içerikleri, fermentasyon kalitesi, kuru madde tüketimi, sindirilebilir kuru madde ve nispi yem değeri üzerine etkisini tespit etmek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada, koçansız mısır hasıllarına %0 SF (kontrol grubu); %1 SF ve %2 SF ilave edilerek gruplar oluşturulmuş ve 60 gün fermentasyona bırakılmıştır. Araştırma sonunda, SF katkısının mısır silajlarının kuru madde, ham protein, ham yağ, ADF, NDF, nişasta, ME, asetik asit, propiyonik asit, bütirik asit ve etanol içeriklerini azalttığı, buna karşılık laktik asit, ham kül ve nişasta düzeylerini artırdığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca araştırma silajlarının pH değerlerinin, %1 SF ilavesiyle istatistiksel olarak önemli düzeyde azaldığı belirlenirken; kuru madde tüketimi, sindirilebilir kuru madde ve nispi yem değerlerinin ise arttığı tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma sonunda, %1 SF ilavesinin koçansız mısır silajlarının pH’sını düşürücü ve laktik asit artırıcı etkisinin yanı sıra kuru madde tüketimi, sindirilebilir kuru madde ve nispi yem değerleri üzerine pozitif etkisi nedeniyle kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

For evaluating the possibilities of substitution of the phosphoric fertilization by means of the inoculation with micorrizogen fungi, in a granadilla crop in nursery stage; it was used hillside type soil with a pH of 4.8 and 2.0 ppm of P, in natural conditions and previous dessinfection. Individually was inoculated Acaulospora foveata, Glomus occultum, Acaulospora longula and it had a control in the native flora. Two hundred spores per experimental unit were applied in small granadilla plants transplanted recently. Three levels of P fertilization were proved (0, 25 and 50 kg of Triple Superphosphate per ha). After four months the variable were evaluated. Disinfection had a negative influence in plant development and in the efficientcy of Superphosphate captation. The best response in the development variables evaluated was obtained using 50 kg of Triple Superphosphate per ha, which indicates that in such type of soil, with low P availability, VAM do not reduce the use of fertilizer, but increases its efficiency in utilization for the plant. A. longula was the more effective micorrizal variety. | Para evaluar las posibilidades de sustitución de fertilización fosfórica, mediante inoculación con hongos micorrizógenos, en el cultivo de la granadilla Passiflora ligularis L., en etapa de vivero, se trabajó con un suelo característico de zona de ladera con pH 4.8 y 2.1 ppm de P, en condiciones naturales y previa des infestación. Se inoculó individualmente: Acaulospora foveata, Glomus occultum, Acaulospora longula y se tuvo una condición testigo correspondiente a flora nativa. Se aplicó un promedio de 200 esporas/unidad experimental, en las plántulas de granadilla recién trasplantadas. Se probaron tres niveles de fertilización: (0, 25 y 50 kg de superfosfato triple/ha). La evaluación de las variables se hizo a los 4 meses de trasplante. La desinfestación influye negativamente en el desarrollo de las plantas y en la eficiencia de captación del superfosfato triple. La mejor respuesta en las variables de desarrollo evaluadas, se obtuvo con la aplicación de 50 kg de superfosfato triple/ha, lo cual indica que en este suelo, dada la baja disponibilidad de P, el recurso micorriza no permite disminuir dosis de fertilizante, sino que incrementa considerablemente su eficiencia de utilización por la planta.  A. longula se comportó como la cepa más efectiva.

This study evaluated the possibility to use pomegranate peel: an agro-industrial bay product as a conservative agent for fruit juice. Extraction of active compounds of. Punica granatum L. peels was made by maceration with ethanol and the evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity were conducted using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and disk diffusion method in agar medium, while self-life tests of orange juice monitoring the pH, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, cloud value, browning index and total mesophilic germs were conducted during 18 days. The results highlighted that pomegranate peel extract (PPE) showed a higher phenol and flavonoid content and strong antioxidant activity with an inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 6.22 μg / mL, as well as the antimicrobial activity indicated a higher inhibitory effect. Furthermore, shelf life tests showed a significant effect on browning index, titratable acidity, and lowering of microbial growth during storage compared to the controls, while pH, total soluble solids, and cloud value are not affected. These results allow us to consider pomegranate peel extract as a potential conservator for healthy and sustainable food.

At the facilities of "El Verdal" poultry farm, located 1.6 miles away from Cali in the road to Jamundí, Valle del Cauca department, one research was conducted using 20 crossbred Yorkshire x Landrace pigs with 22 kg average initial weight, which were 127 days until they reached an average final weight of 86.4 kg. They were distributed at random in three treatments with different number of replications (one for the control and two for the experimental). The treatments were as follows: Boiled hens + Energy supplement (T1), Raw hens + Energy supplement (T2)and Control or Commercial type feed according to phase (T ). The main aim of this experiment was to look for the biological and economical feasibility of using whole hens (plus supplement) comming from the normal daily mortality or discard, from a commercial poultry farm, as an alternative feeding source for growing finishing pigs. There were no statistical significant differences for daily weight gain, feed efficiency and feed consumption. There was a slight higher feed consumption (dry matter) for T3 (2.14 kg), followed for TI and T2 (2.13 kg). In relation to daily weight gain, T) had 515 g; TI' 507 g and T2, 497 g. The best feed efficiency was for T) (4.16), followed for TI (4.2) and for T2 (4.28). Related to the economical results, higher feeding costs were for T) ($ 52 167) and lower for TI and T2 ($ 42 167). Profits for fattening pig were better for TI ($ 15 415), followed for T2 ($ 14587) and for T3 ($ 8208). | En las instalaciones de la granja avícola "El Verdal", localizada a un Km del perímetro urbano en la vía que de Cali conduce a Jamundí, Valle del Cauca se realizó un trabajo de investigación empleando 20 cerdos cruzados de las razas Yorkshire y Landrace, con un peso inicial promedio de 22 kg, los cuales fueron llevados hasta un peso final promedio de 86.4 kg a los 127 días y se distribuyeron al azar en tres tratamientos con diferente número de repeticiones (dos para los experimentales y una para el testigo). Los tratamientos fueron: gallinas cocidas + suplemento energético (T1), gallinas crudas + suplemento energético (T2) y como testigo, el concentrado comercial según fase (T3). La finalidad del ensayo fue comprobar la factibilidad biológica y económica del empleo de gallinas enteras suplementadas, provenientes de la mortalidad normal diaria o el despaje en una avícola comercial, como fuente alternativa de alimentación en cerdos de Levante-Ceba. No hubo diferencias estadísticas significativas para ganancia diaria, consumo de alimento y conversión alimenticia. Se notó un leve mayor consumo en m. seca en T3 (2.14 kg) seguido de T1 y T2 (2.13 kg). El T3 tuvo mayor ganancia diaria (515 g), seguido del TI (507 g) y del T2 (497 g). La mejor conversión alimenticia la tuvo T3 (4.16), seguida de TI (4.2) y luego de T2 (4.28). Los mayores costos en alimentación por cerdo los tuvo T3 ($ 52.167) y los menores TI y T2 ($42.167). En relación con utilidad por cerdo cebado, el mejor resultado fue para T1 ($15.415), seguido de T2 ($14.587) y luego por T3 ($8.208).

The oleaster (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.), also known as wild olive, is a small fruit with three parts: the outer peel or exocarp layer, the edible part or mesocarp layer, and the inner seed or endocarp layer. The mesocarp layer is rich in essential vitamins and has great potential for use in various food products. The flour made from the mesocarp layer has a moisture content of 8.99%, an ash content of 2.66%, a fat content of 0.55%, a protein content of 5.99%, a crude fiber content of 3.32%, and a total dietary fiber (TDF) content of 26.36%. The TDF content is divided into insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) and soluble dietary fiber (SDF), which are 21.35% and 5.01%, respectively. The flour has color values of L*: 75.14, a*: 2.86, b*: 23.87, and a water activity value of 0.314. The water solubility, water absorption, and oil absorption are 67.33%, 4.91 g water/g sample, and 2.26 g oil/g sample, respectively. Additionally, the mesocarp layer contains minerals such as Mg, P, K, Ca, Fe, and Na. The mesocarp layer significantly affected the thermomechanical properties of wheat flour. As the substitution level of the mesocarp layer increased from 10 to 30%, the water absorption capacity, dough development time and stability time of the wheat dough significantly decreased. Specifically, the water absorption capacity dropped from 53.5% to 47%, dough development time reduced from 1.10 to 0.75 min, and stability time decreased from 8.90 to 2.25 min. Substituting a mesocarp layer in wheat flour can significantly improve product shelf-life due to slower retrogradation. The mesocarp layer is an functional ingredient in the food industry.

The purpose of the scientific article is the attempt of determining the level of human capital of persons from the oldest age groups who live in rural areas of Southeastern Poland. The selection of research topic has a relationship with the demographic changes which take place both in Poland and in the whole Europe. They bring about a number of changes which affect almost all areas of life of modern societies. The research was conducted in 2015 on a sample of 150 people over the age of 60 in the counties of Nowy Targ and Myślenice located in the Małopolska Voivodeship. The level of human capital of the surveyed seniors can be described as relatively low. The structure of education, occupational and educational activity (in the field of increasing knowledge and acquiring new skills), moreover self-assessment of their health status and taking actions aimed at improving it, for example through physical activity, confirm it. | Celem opracowania jest próba określenia poziomu kapitału ludzkiego osób z najstarszych grup wieku zamieszkujących na obszarach wiejskich Polski południowo - wschodniej. Wybór tematu badań miał związek z przemianami demograficznymi, dokonującymi się zarówno w kraju jak i w całej Europie. Pociągają one za sobą szereg zmian dotykających niemal wszystkich dziedzin życia współczesnych społeczeństw. Badania zostały przeprowadzone w 2015 roku na próbie 150 osób w wieku 60+ na terenie powiatów nowotarskiego i myślenickiego położonych w województwie małopolskim. Poziom kapitału ludzkiego badanych seniorów można określić jako stosunkowo niski. Świadczą o tym na przykład: struktura wykształcenia, aktywność zawodowa oraz edukacyjna (w zakresie poszerzania wiedzy oraz zdobywania nowych umiejętności), a także samoocena swojego stanu zdrowia i podejmowanie działań mających na celu jego poprawę np. poprzez aktywność fizyczną. | kapitał ludzki, obszary wiejskie, osoby starsze, proces starzenia się | human capital, rural areas, elderly person, aging process | 13 | 116-125 | 2

The purpose of the scientific article is the attempt of determining the level of human capital of persons from the oldest age groups who live in rural areas of Southeastern Poland. The selection of research topic has a relationship with the demographic changes which take place both in Poland and in the whole Europe. They bring about a number of changes which affect almost all areas of life of modern societies. The research was conducted in 2015 on a sample of 150 people over the age of 60 in the counties of Nowy Targ and Myślenice located in the Małopolska Voivodeship. The level of human capital of the surveyed seniors can be described as relatively low. The structure of education, occupational and educational activity (in the field of increasing knowledge and acquiring new skills), moreover self-assessment of their health status and taking actions aimed at improving it, for example through physical activity, confirm it. / Synopsis. Celem opracowania jest próba określenia poziomu kapitału ludzkiego osób z najstarszych grup wieku zamieszkujących na obszarach wiejskich Polski południowo - wschodniej. Wybór tematu badań miał związek z przemianami demograficznymi, dokonującymi się zarówno w kraju jak i w całej Europie. Pociągają one za sobą szereg zmian dotykających niemal wszystkich dziedzin życia współczesnych społeczeństw. Badania zostały przeprowadzone w 2015 roku na próbie 150 osób w wieku 60+ na terenie powiatów nowotarskiego i myślenickiego położonych w województwie małopolskim. Poziom kapitału ludzkiego badanych seniorów można określić jako stosunkowo niski. Świadczą o tym na przykład: struktura wykształcenia, aktywność zawodowa oraz edukacyjna (w zakresie poszerzania wiedzy oraz zdobywania nowych umiejętności), a także samoocena swojego stanu zdrowia i podejmowanie działań mających na celu jego poprawę np. poprzez aktywność fizyczną.