Thyme is one of the spices that is widely consumed in the regions where it grows and is used in many dishes, especially soups, and gives a regional identity to the dish where it is used. In this study, the amount of phytochemicals and antioxidant capacity of the plant Satureja hortensis L. (süpürge kekiği, çibriska) which grows spontaneously and is used as a spice in meals in the Karakoçlar settlement area of Olur district of Erzurum province was investigated. The total amounts of phenolic and flavonoid substances were determined to be 40.85±0.85 mg GAE/g and 26.52±0.46 mg QE/g, respectively. In addition, the DPPH radical scavenging activity of the plant extract was calculated as 45.24 ±3.47 μg TE/mL and the IC50 value was calculated as 177.11±0.99 μg/mL. It was determined that the Cu2+ reducing antioxidant capacity of the S. hortensis plant extract was 2162.09±113.61 μg TE/mL and the Fe3+ reducing antioxidant capacity was 24.36±4.59 μg TE/mL. As a result, it was concluded that the S. hortensis plant, which is known with different names in different regions, has antioxidant potential and can be used as a natural antioxidant source in addition to its common use.

Yetişkin bir insanın dengeli olarak beslenebilmesi için; bir günde 2800-3000 kalori ve en az 75-80 g protein alması ve alınan bu proteinin de en az 30-35 g’ının hayvansal kökenli olması gerekmektedir. Besin maddeleri karbonhidratlar, proteinler, lipitler, vitaminler ve minerallerden oluşmaktadır. Bütün gıdalar az veya çok bu bileşikleri içerir. Bitkisel kökenli besinlerde bu bileşikler olsa da et, süt, yumurta, bal gibi hayvansal kökenli besinlerde proteince zengin olmasının yanında içerdiği proteinin biyolojik değerliliği de yüksektir. Hayvansal ürünlerin hastalıkların tedavilerine destek olarak kullanılması üzerinde durulduğunda da keçi sütünün öneminin belirtilmesi gerekmektedir. Keçi sütlerinden birçok hastalıkların tedavisinde yararlanıldığı bilinmektedir. Keçi sütü ve keçi sütü ürünlerinin düzenli olarak tüketilmesinin egzema, astım, sindirim rahatsızlıkları, varisle ilgili bazı rahatsızlıklar, virus apseleri ve bazı alerjik durumların tedavisinde yararlı olduğu uygulamalardan alınan olumlu sonuçlarla belirlenmiştir. “Apiterapi “ arı ürünleri ile tedavi yöntemidir ve ülkemizde hızlı bir gelişme göstermektedir. Arıcılık aktivitelerinden elde edilen ürünler; bal, polen, propolis, arı sütü, arı zehiri gibi ürünlerdir. Bu ürünler halk arasında birçok hastalıklarda (uykusuzluk, sindirim sistemi hastalıkları, üst solunum yolu enfeksiyonları, romatizmal, gripal, ortopedik hastalıklar, deri kanseri, ekzema, astım, damar sertliği, mide barsak hastalıkları, romatizmal hastalıklar, böbrek, idrar yolu enfeksiyonları vb.) tedavilere takviye olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bal, propolis, arı sütü mükemmel bir antibakteriyel özelliğe sahiptir. Arı zehirinin antiromatizmal özelliği bulunmakta, polende immünolojik hastalıkların tedavisinde kullanılmaktadır. Hayvansal ürünlerin beslenme ve sağlıkaçısından önemi de göz ardı edilmemeli ve konuyla ilgili daha fazla çalışmanın yapılması gerekmektedir.

This study was carried out in order to determine the antifungal effects of elemental sulfur applications on Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium solani in potatoes in 2011-2012. Elemental sulfur was applied in 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 kg S/da doses with 3 different methods (seed tuber, soil (seed bed) and potato leaf). For both infections, seed tuber and soil applications showed higher antifungal effects than foliar applications. The effects of the application methods were different depending on the doses, and 6 kg/da and above S in seed tuber applications, 10 kg/da S in soil applications, and 6-8 kg/da S doses in foliar applications showed a higher antifungal effect. Infected tuber ratio and the infection severity with R. solani decreased to 18.8% and 6.0%, respectively with 10 kg/da S soil applications. The mean infection severity and infected tuber rate with F. solani decreased to 6.8% and 6.0%, respectively, with 8 kg/da S seed tuber applications. Sulfur applications showed high antifungal effect on both fungal pathogens, and this effect was higher on R. solani. With sulfur applications, a significant resistance can be created against R. solani and F. Solani infections, which have high economic damage in the potato plant. It was concluded that the application of sulfur to the soil or seed tuber was much more effective than the foliar application and 6-8 kg/da S applications may be sufficient to control of fungal diseases.

This study was carried out to determine the root development of black mulberry hardwood cuttings kept in light and dark conditions. The experiment was carried out in the polyethylene greenhouse of Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University Research and Application Center, in 2021. As material, hardwood cuttings prepared from one-year-old branches of black mulberry trees were used. The cuttings were divided into 3 different groups and planted in rooting beds containing perlite with bottom heating (22±2 °C). First group of cuttings were planted into beds as soon as taken from tree (control), the second group of cuttings were plantend after the cuttings were kept under daylight conditions for 5 days (in the open) and third group cuttings were planted after the cuttings were kept in the dark conditions (in the dark) for 5 days in both conditions soaked in water. All cuttings were dipped in 6000 ppm IBA (indole-3-butyric acid) hormone for 5 seconds just before planting. The experiment is with 3 replications and there are 15 cuttings in each replication. After keeping 90 days in the rooting environment, the cuttings were removed; root number (root/stem), root length (cm), root diameter (mm), decay rate (%), rooting rate (%) and callus formation rate (%) parameters were investigated. As a result of the study, there was no statistical difference between the different conditions in the investigated parameters. The data obtained varied between the following values; rooting rate between 68.89% - 93.33%, decay rate between 24.4% - 55.5%, callus formation rate between 68.8% - 88.8%, number of roots 8.8 - 13.5 root/stem, root length 6.5 - 7.4 cm and root diameter between 1.02 - 1.16 mm.

Covid-19 salgını gıda ve hayvancılık sektörünün önemini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Hayvancılık sektöründe üretimin devam etmesi olası gıda krizini önlemiştir. Covid 19 salgını ülkemizde hayvancılık üzerinde bazı etkiler yaratmıştır ve küresel piyasalarla birlikte maliyetlerde artış olmuştur. Ne yazık ki maliyetlerdeki artış halen devam etmekte ve üreticiyi zor duruma sokmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, pandemi sürecinin Türkiye’de hayvancılığı üzerine olan etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Bu konu ile ilgili ulaşılabilen kaynaklar incelenerek mevcut durum ortaya konulmuştur. Ayrıca, COVID-19 etkeninin özelliği ile hayvan türleri arasındaki farklılıklara ait bilgiler verilmiş ve çiftlik hayvanları sayıları incelenerek büyükbaş, küçükbaş, kanatlı ve arı ürünleri üretimleri incelenmiştir. Bu çalışma, COVID- 19’un hayvancılık sektöründe ve çiftlik hayvanlarında görülen etkileri ile ilgili veriler derlenerek literatüre katkı sağlamak üzere hazırlanmıştır.

In this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizer applications at different rates on the yield and development of maize plant. The research was carried out in three replications in greenhouse conditions, according to the randomized plot design, in plastic pots with a capacity of three kg. Applications in research; control, conventional fertilization, gypsum (1% and 2% w/w), anhydrite (1% and 2% w/w), calcite (1% and 2% w/w), perlite (1% and 2% w/w), vermicompost (5% and 10% w/w) and animal manure (5% and 10% w/w). Maize was used as the test plant. Maize plant was harvested approximately 60 days after planting and analysis of dry matter production and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, manganese and copper were made. According to the results of the research, the highest dry matter production was determined at 15.4 g pot-1 and 10% of the vermicompost application. This application was followed by conventional fertilizer application (13.64 g pot-1). In addition, vermicompost application in general had higher values in macro and micro element concentrations of maize plant.

Macrofungi have long been used as food and medicinal purposes by humankind. This study aimed to identify a macrofungus sample collected from Niğde, Türkiye in 2019 via molecular techniques and determine the content of total phenolic compounds, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. According to data obtained from the sequence analysis of ITS fragment of rDNA the macrofungus sample was identified as Bjerkandera adusta (Willd.) P. Karst (1880). The sample was extracted with ethanol and methanol. Total phenolic compound content, antioxidant activity via DPPH scavenging method and antimicrobial activity via disc diffusion method of B. adusta was determined by using these extracts. The amount of total phenolic compounds was found as 772.28 µg GAE/mL for a methanolic extract of B. adusta. The ethanol extract of B. adusta showed 79.66% scavenging activity of 0.1 mM DPPH solution. The highest inhibition zone diameter was measured as 28±1 mm against P. aeruginosa by ethanolic extract, while the lowest antimicrobial activity was found in 15 µL methanol extract against S. typhimurium with an inhibition zone diameter of 8.7±1.2 mm.

Arabidopsis thaliana has eight genes encoding members of the type P1B heavy metal–transporting ATPase, subfamily of the P-type ATPases. We focused our study on four ATPases, mainly HMA1, HMA2, HMA3, and HMA4, which are closely related and most similar in their sequences. We carried out the bioinformatics analysis of these metal ATPases and obtained their structure in A. thaliana, A. halleri, and the other heavy metal accumulators in Brassica spp. A. thaliana is a model plant for research because of the duplications and other evolutionary events. These evolutionary events provided a chance to elucidate their regulation and function in the cell. All previous bioinformatics analyses have given some information about their structure, but not much work has been done on their structural components and interactome analysis. Experimental determination of 3D structures is essential to understand better these proteins’ function, which is crucial for the proper functioning of all plant cellular processes. Especially, docking sites and domains need to be worked out to understand the role of these transporter proteins and their interaction in plant cells. These bioinformatic analyses will help the researcher understand these ATPases’ role in detoxifying the toxic metals from the cells of accumulator plants. Further research on gene cloning, gene expression, and generating new accumulator plants for phytoremediation is needed to reclamation polluted soils from toxic heavy metals.

Cumilla Sadar Dakshin region is highly diverse in respect to land types, topography, agro-ecology, land-use pattern, cropping systems and crop variability & variety. Agricultural development of the region largely depends on the reliable and comprehensive statistics of the existing cropping cultivation and its related system adopted by the farmers. To investigate the homestead vegetable production and its impact on family nutrition, food security, income generation as well as involvement of female members a survey study was conducted at Cumilla Sadar Dakshin during 2019. A total of 150 selected homesteads were surveyed for this purpose through developed questionnaire and focus group discussion. Both primary and secondary data has been collected from different sources to fulfill the objectives of the study. The results of this study indicated that the farmer’s age, marital status, education level, farm size, source of income, women participation etc. Farmer’s knowledge and farming experiences, perception and attitude differs on different demographic conditions like: age, sex, education, farm size, training which significantly influence the adoption of modern technologies provided by different organizations. The results also showed that women contribution in homestead vegetable production is high in medium farmer’s category 41.67% and low in small farmers 36.36% respectively. The highest number of total vegetables was produced by the medium farmer (63,732 kg/year) followed by small (39,445 kg/year) and marginal farmer (25,514 kg/year). This study provides some recommendation which might impacts on betterment of farmers’ occupational and socio-economic condition by establishing proper policy and legislation both in local and national level administration as well as agricultural extension.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the water quality of the inlet, irrigation outlet, and edges linked to Nuwarawewa reservoir, Mahakanadarawa reservoir, Hurulu wewa reservoir, Sangilikandarawa reservoir, and Nachchaduwa perennial reservoir in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka. Water samples were taken from a designated position of each inlet, irrigation output, and edges in the second inter-monsoon, northeast monsoon, and first inter-monsoon seasons. Water quality indicators such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), Na, K, Ca, Mg, Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), NO3- -N, NH4+-N, dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), and heavy metals (Cd, As, Pb, and Hg) concentrations were measured in each water sample. Data was analyzed using SPSS statistica software. Considerable temporal fluctuations in water quality indicators were detected in inlets, irrigation outflows, and edges over the research period. The findings revealed that NO3- -N, NH4+-N, and DRP in Sangilikandarawa reservoir during the northeast monsoon were close but not above the FAO (1985) maximum levels guidelines for irrigation water. pH, EC, TDS, and heavy metals (Cd, As, Pb, and Hg) in all the other tanks were within permitted values according to WHO drinking water quality standards and FAO (1985) guidelines for irrigation water. This finding further demonstrated that the consequences of surrounding land use on water pollution in inlet water canals linked to Sangilikandarawa and Nuwarawewa are greater. It could be concluded that a pollution management plan needs to be implemented in order to stop further pollution.