In the research, it was aimed to determined he level of information of university students’ about bee products, consumption behaviors and habits. The study was conducted on 311 students who were randomly selected from the students studying at Selçuk University. Most of the students who participated in the survey live in the Marmara Region. When the results were examined, it was found that all of the students had knowledge about honey, however, the knowledge level for pollen, royal jelly, bee wax, bee venom and propolis were75.2%, 43.7%, 41.2%, 30.2%and 21.2%, respectively. There was also no significant difference bet ween gender and consumption of honey, pollen and propolis. Whilet here was a significant difference bet ween honey and propolis consuming of students in terms of monthly average income and consumption of bee products, there was no significant difference in pollen and royal jelly consumption. It was found that there was no significant difference in bee product like honey, pollen and royal jelly between average monthly food expenditure and consumption, but it was found that there was a significant difference in consuming propolis.With this information, the students how they obtained the bee products, how much they consume in which season, how they understand the artificiality and crystallization of honey, and the physical states of the products were compared and also, these results compared with the other studies made about this topic before and some suggestions were made.

Erzincan Tulum cheese with its characteristic taste and aroma is one of the most preferred traditional cheese varieties are those from Turkey. Physical, chemical and microbiological changes that occur during ripening give the cheese characteristics. The characteristics of the Erzincan Tulum cheese are closely related to the geography in where it is produced and the human factors affecting each stage of the production method. However, the lack of a standard in production has prevented Erzincan Tulum cheese from achieving the economic value it deserves and could not provide sufficient contribution to the socio-economic development of the region. The most important reasons for this are the inadequacy of legislation and supervision, the lack of awareness of the Geographical Indication (GI) registration in the producer, and the fact that the institutions and organizations that register have not used GIs effectively, besides the technological reasons such as variety, quantity and microbiological quality of rennet used in cheese production, variability in milk quality, ripening conditions and durations vary, and the absence of a standard packaging material. In this review, the findings obtained from the researches related to technology, legislation, marketing and registration of Erzincan Tulum cheese which has a significant potential in terms of contribution to the economy of the region and country in which it is produced, are evaluated.

This study aimed to analyze the economic structure of dairy cattle farms, which were members of the Cattle Breeders’ Association in İzmir Province. For this purpose, Ödemiş, Tire, Bayındır and Kiraz districts of İzmir province were included in the study. The main material of the study consisted of data obtained from the farmers through the questionnaire. The data belongs to the 2017 production period. The number of farmers interviewed was determined as 67 by proportional sampling method. When the data were being analyzed, farms were evaluated in three groups depending on their size. According to farm groups, number of cows, respectively, was 5-14, 15-49 and over 50. In the farms surveyed, the average number of animals was 49 heads, the number of milked animals was 22 heads, the daily milk yield was 22 kg and the lactation yield was 7,123 kg. The total active capital of the farms was $373,449 and the share of animal capital in active capital was 22%. Total variable costs per farm were $44,599, fixed costs were $15,605 and production costs were $60,204. Variable costs constituted 74% of the production costs. The share of feed costs in variable costs was 78%. Gross production value was calculated as $67,211. The share of milk sales in gross production value was 61%. Average gross profit per farm is estimated as $22,612, net profit as $7,007 and proportional profit as 12%. It has been revealed that the net profit and proportional profit of small farms were negative. As a result, it can be said that the profitability level of medium and large-scale farms is high, whereas small scale farms meet with loses in the research region.

Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the major viral diseases of poultry, remains a constant threat in poultry farms that causes huge economic losses every year. However, little is known regarding the potential risk factors of the disease in broiler. The study was undertaken to ascertain the potential risk factors and biosecurity measures in ND prevalent broiler farm. A total of 116 broiler farms were considered as a sample size from a different area of Barishal district of Bangladesh in which 19.83% ND prevalence was found. In the findings, the farmers (33.62%) who had training on poultry farming, were significantly less ND positive case (7.69%). Besides this, among the different risk factors and biosecurity measures only shed location, ventilation, vaccination status, feeder and waterer cleaning frequency, visitors accession, pets in the farm, use of disinfectant and seasonal variation had significant effect on ND outbreak. However, among all the factors only farmers training (OR=0.025; 95% CI: 0.001-0.509), shed location (OR=0.035; 95% CI: 0.003-0.390), vaccination against ND (OR=0.017; 95% CI: 0.001-0.435) and use of disinfectant daily (OR=0.011; 95% CI: 0.000-0.294) made a unique statistically significant contribution to the regression model and the predictors had approximately similar strength on reporting ND outbreak. In completion, ND can be reduced in broiler farms by improving the level of common biosecurity, farm management practices, and minimizing the potential risk factors through training of farmers, awareness build-up, and enforcement of these practices on the farms.

In the present world, climate change is a mass talked issue. Because of climate change, humans and animals are under the risk of threatening. The scientist has pointed out that main reasons for climate change are waste. Waste is generated from household chores and industries, factories etc. that are affecting the balance of the environment in many ways. This waste may be of various types such as solid, liquid, gaseous etc. Therefore, the study was taken to assess the chemical components contain in wastewater in Dinajpur Sadar, Bangladesh. This study was aimed to evaluate the chemical compositions of the generated wastewater including comparison with the groundwater. The data concerning to the rice mill waste water in Dinajpur, Bangladesh was obtained from individual field visits by interviewing with owner and worker in the rice mills. The wastewater samples were collected randomly from different rice mills. A laboratory experiment was performed to determine the chemical constituents of the wastewater sample. The wastewater contained of pH(6.11-6.18), EC(181.47-185.23 µScm-1), Na(26.19-28.89 mgl-1), Ca(45.41-51.26 mgl-1), Mg(47.12-49.8 mgl-10), K(184.7-191.3 mgl-1), TDS(45.94-47.96 mgl-1), HT(306.7-332.33 mgl-1), S(11.05-13.25 mgl-1), Cl-(522.45-526.182 mgl-1), HCO3-(5.12-6.99 mgl-1), DO(0.46-0.53 mgl-1), P(17.01-21.54 mgl-1). The obtained concentration of Ca, EC, pH, Na and HCO3- were within the reported range of groundwater in Dinajpur, Bangladesh. The concentration of Cl-, K, P, Mg and hardness in the wastewater were above the concentration of reported groundwater in Dinajpur, Bangladesh. On the other hand, the concentration of TDS in the wastewater was less than the reported concentration of groundwater in Dinajpur, Bangladesh.

The aim of study was to determine the phenological characteristics of seed materials collected from mungbean cultivation provinces in our country. This experiment was conducted at the Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Isparta University of Applied Sciences (ISUBU). In study, 91 materials were collected in 2015 and seed reproduction and pre-observations were made this year. According to preliminary observation results, 50 mung bean genotypes selected together with 4 registered varieties were taken into field trials in 2017 and 2018. The experiments were conducted at an Augmented Design with five replications. As phenological properties of experiment were germination time, flowering time, podding time and vegetation time. As a result of the study, it was found that there are genotypes with earlier characteristics than registered varieties. 27 S 08 genotype was the earliest among genotypes. This genotype is thought to be promising in the future.

Most poultry farmers in Nigeria feed their laying birds twice a day with one bag of 25 kg to 200 layers which translate to 125g/bird/day, while very few feed once or thrice a day and there has been little or no documentation on how many times laying hens should be fed in a day to optimize profit. Thus, this study was designed to investigate the performance and egg qualities of Isa-Brown layers fed different quantities of feed at varying feeding frequencies. Three hundred and sixty (360) 16-weeks in-lay Isa-Brown layers were used in this trial. The treatment consisted of 95g, 105g, 115g, and 125g of feed per day at varying frequencies of once, twice and thrice per day. The birds were housed in California type cages, 3 birds per cage unit, 5 cage units per replicate, and 6 replicates per treatment. A completely randomized experimental design with a 4x3 factorial was adopted. Results at the end of the trial showed that bird fed 115g of feed twice per day had the highest percentage hen-day production (85.24%), highest egg mass (56.69g) and best feed conversion ratio (1.96) while lowest percentage hen-day production (62.02%) and lowest egg mass (39.22g) were observed in hen fed 95g of feed thrice per day and worst feed conversion ratio (2.50) was recorded in bird fed 125g of feed thrice per day. The bird fed 115g twice per day had the highest net profit (N637.63) while the lowest net profit (N199.33) was recorded in bird fed 125g thrice per day. It could be concluded that for optimum laying performance and to save time and labour expended in feeding birds thrice per day, feeding laying Isa-Brown birds the required feed quantity (115g) twice per day would be most economical.

Hatay province has a rich ecosystem that medicinal and aromatic plants grow naturally all across the province. There are about 2.000 flowery plants in the vegetative pattern of the province, and it is around 300 of them are endemic plants. The main purpose of this study was to present the production and processing structure of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) which are commonly traded in the Hatay Province of Turkey. In addition, it was aimed to examine the problems of the sector in the Province, and to bring solutions about those problems. According to the research results: in Hatay Province, MAPs are mostly collected from nature; in terms of local processing enterprises, there are problems about obtaining sufficient raw materials; and spice plants are marketed as semi-processed to the other districts. There is a lack of producer organization of MAPs in the region. In order to improve MAPs industry in the province, it is necessary to establish a MAPs coordination and management unit where all shareholders are represented. It should be focused on: extending MAPs cultivation, providing subsidies for producers and processing enterprises, developing effective marketing and publicity strategies for target markets, and establishing a MAPs research institution.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of added to mixture essential oil consist of mint oil, juniper oil, rosemary oil and oregano vulgare oil added in drinking water at on intestinal health in quail breeders. A total of 160 Japanese quail breeders (control group each subgroup 6 females 6 males, experimental groups each subgroup 5 females 5 males) 17 weeks of age were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups and each group was divided into 5 replicates. The experimental period lasted 56 days. Maize and soybean meal-based diets were offered ad libitium to the birds from during the experimental period. Treatments were as follows: C, (Control; without supplementation to the drinking water); E1 (0,1ml/L essential oil mixture supplementation to the drinking water) and E2 (0,3ml/L essential oil mixture supplementation to the drinking water. Acetic acid, butyric acid, isocaproic acid and SCFA values were linearly affected by the increasing level of essential oil mixture (mint oil, juniper oil, rosemary oil and oregano vulgare oil). There were no significant differences in propionic acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid, isovaleric acid, caproic acid and BCFA concentrations. In conclusion, essential oil mixture consists of mint oil, juniper oil, rosemary oil and oregano vulgare oil can be used to improve intestinal health in quail breeders drinking water.

This study was performed to evaluate effects of red cabbage extract as a preservative against lipid oxidation for quality and shelf life of minced Tilapia (Nile perch) during refrigerated storage at 4  1°C. Untreated and treated samples were examined from day 0 to 10 during refrigerated storage using thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay, peroxide value (PV), pH and color analysis. Samples treated with red cabbage extract showed less degradation due to lipid oxidation compared to untreated samples. Lipid peroxide values on treated samples showed benefits through day-6. This work shows that red cabbage antioxidant extracts represent an inexpensive and natural method for reducing oxidative spoilage of fresh fish.