Land consolidation is a powerful and effective tool in solving the fragmentation problem of agricultural lands to form a larger, more rational and efficient land for the farmers. The benefits of land consolidation projects are providing access to parcels, efficient use of water resources, real location of parcels, and reducing the costs of irrigation and drainage projects. Although not sufficiently successful, the land consolidation projects in Turkey had been initiated in 1961. This study was aimed to measure and assess the knowledge, expectation and attitudes of farmers on the land consolidation project planned to be implemented for some villages in Artova District of Tokat Province, Turkey. The study was carried out in Taşpınar and Aşağı Güçlü villages which were included in the consolidation program. In these villages, 62 farmers were selected by proportional sampling method out of 175 producers registered in the Farmer Registration System (FRS) and, face to face questionnaires were carried out with them. The results indicated that the producers support the project primarily due to the convenience in irrigation and increasing the efficiency of mechanization. Chi-square analysis revealed that the problems caused by disadvantages of fragmented land structure, importance of land integrity and the experience on a previous consolidation project area are important for the producers supporting the land consolidation project.

Salmonella is known as one of the main factors of food-borne gastroenteritis, and with this feature, it poses a great risk in terms of public health and economic losses. It is estimated that of the approximately 94 million cases of salmonellosis occurring in the world each year (about 85 percent of these are food-borne), an average of 150,000 result in death. Current social trends highlight the important health benefits of fresh produce in our daily diet. As an irony; Uncooked consumption of fresh herbal products is increasingly identified as a source of transmission for pathogens of intestinal origin, and epidemics occurring in this way are spreading rapidly. Today, the frequency of anthropogenic pathogen outbreaks associated with fresh produce, spices, and nuts has surpassed those associated with foods of animal origin. Human pathogens in the production chain; It can be transferred to plant material by basic means such as the use of animal manure, contaminated irrigation water, biological vectors (insects and animals) and contaminated seeds. In the light of these data, many intestinal pathogens have been identified as phyllo sphere-associated bacteria. Despite all these findings, there are many unknowns on the persistence and infectivity of Salmonella in contaminated plant hosts. In this review article, the factors affecting the attachment, colonization and survival of Salmonella on plant surfaces, as well as the information on the infection processes that continue with the invasion of plant tissues are discussed in the light of contemporary literature data.

This study was carried out to determine the effects of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) and LED light on improving postharvest quality of 0900 Ziraat cherry fruits. In the present study, UV-B treated to cherry fruits 10, 20, and 40 min, and then stored dark conditions. On the other hand, the blue (M), red (KR) and ultraviolet-A (UVA) LED light had applied to fruit during storage, continuously. Fruits without application were used as a control. Cherry fruits were stored at 4±1°C temperature with 85-90% RH for 35 days. As a result of the study, the best treatment in terms of increasing the TSS/TA rate (19.3), fructose (5.27%), glucose (6.22%), total soluble phenol (170.16 mg/100 mL CAE) and anthocyanin content (12.11 mg/kg FW), red color, and taste quality (4.63) of fruits was UVB20. It has also been seen that the KR treatment could be used to reducing the titratable acidity content, and increase the amount of fructose, total soluble phenol. The UV-A LED treatment is particularly significant in reducing weight loss, and providing in the fruit stalk remains green. Also, the treatments of both UVB and LED improved the color quality of cherries by increasing brightness, darkening red color, and protection of anthocyanins, whereas increased the EL. As a result, it might be concluded that the UVB20 (5.95 kJ / m2s) treatment was the best and usable treatment to maintaining both biochemical and taste quality cherry fruits during cold storage.

Disasters adversely affect human life. Many people face sheltering problems after disasters. Temporary shelter areas are very important in terms of meeting people's post-disaster sheltering needs. In this study, it was aimed to determine temporary shelter areas in the city center of Burdur. The AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method was used to determine temporary shelter areas. According to certain criteria and spatial standards, six temporary shelter areas were determined in the city center of Burdur, and their adequacy was tested. Temporary shelters are located in urban open and green lands. Temporary shelter areas determined under today's conditions are adequate. However, it is predicted that temporary shelter areas will be inadequate in the upcoming process. Some recommendations were made about the problems and the path to be followed in the upcoming process. These recommendations will be useful for the post-disaster process.

This research has been carried out to determine the effects of the current misinformation (hormone, antibiotic, feed additives and growth of broiler chickens in a short period) on consumers' view of the poultry meat sector. The survey was conducted in Istanbul province which better reflects the socio-cultural and socio-economic structure of Turkey, and with different demographic structure of 384 people face to face survey method was applied. Questions were asked to determine whether antibiotics and hormones were used in the diet of broiler chickens, and consumers' perceptions, attitudes and behaviors about the reliability of chicken meat. According to the results of the study, 73.4% of the consumers stated that they did not know about the contents of broiler diets. A big majority of the consumers (88.3%) stated that they think hormone is used and 84.6% think antibiotics is used in the feeding of broiler chickens. 78.4% of consumers surveyed stated that they think that broiler chickens are not fed with healthy feed. Also, 70.6% of consumers stated that rapid growth was due to use of antibiotics and hormones. Although the use of hormones and antibiotics as growth promoters in poultry feeds is prohibited, consumers think that they are used as additives and broiler meat is not safe food. According to these results, creating a positive effect on the purchasing decisions of the consumers is important for the sustainability and future of the sector.

Many people in different parts of the world benefit from alternative medicine in the treatment and prevention of diseases. Plants are among the important natural materials used in alternative medicine. In this study, the antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of Datura stramonium L. was determined. Ethanol extracts of the plant's flower parts were obtained in the soxhlet device. The antioxidant and oxidant potential of the plant extract was determined using Rel Assay TAS and TOS kits. Antimicrobial activity was tested by the agar dilution method. The TAS value of the plant extract was 7.559±0.224 mmol/L, the TOS value was 10.711±0.243 μmol/L, and the OSI value was 0.142±0.002. It was determined that the plant extract was effective against bacteria and fungus strains at 100-400 μg/mL concentration. As a result, it was determined in our study that D. stramonium can be a natural antioxidant and antimicrobial source.

Son yıllarda gıda kaynakları dünya nüfusu ve ekolojik problemlerin artışına bağlı olarak büyük bir hızla tükenmektedir. Bu nedenle gıdaların üretilmesi kadar korunması ve dayanıklılığının geliştirilmesi de büyük önem taşımaktadır. Özellikle et ve balık ürünleri hassas gıdalar olduklarından uygun olmayan depolama koşulları altında çok çabuk bozulabilmektedir. Taze veya işlenmiş et ve balık ürünlerinde, depolama süresince biyokimyasal ve mikrobiyal bozulmaların bir sonucu olarak çeşitli kalite kayıpları meydana gelebilmektedir. Et ve balık ürünlerinde arzu edilen duyusal özelliklerin korunması, biyolojik, kimyasal ve mikrobiyolojik bozulmaların geciktirilmesi amacıyla kullanılan ambalajlama yöntemleri arasında ilgi çekici bir yaklaşım olarak yenilebilir film ve kaplama uygulamaları dikkat çekmektedir. Protein, lipit veya polisakkarit gibi doğal kaynaklardan elde edilen, çevre dostu ve biyolojik olarak parçalanabilir materyallerin kullanıldığı yenilebilir film ve kaplamalar düşük maliyetli ve kolay uygulanabilir olması nedeniyle ön plana çıkmaktadır. Ayrıca yenilebilir film ve kaplamalar antimikrobiyaller, antioksidanlar ve lezzet arttırıcı maddeler gibi aktif bileşenler için taşıyıcı olarak hareket edebilmektedir. Aktif bileşenleri içeren yenilebilir film ve kaplamalar, et ve balık ürünlerinin muhafaza edilmesi için uygundur. Söz konusu ambalajlama yöntemi nem kaybını engelleyerek, mikrobiyolojik bozulmaları geciktirerek ve patojen mikroorganizmaların üremesini kısıtlayarak, lipit, protein ve pigment oksidasyonunu yavaşlatarak ve ürünlerin duyusal özellikler açısından kabul edilebilirliğini uzatarak et ve balık ürünlerinin depolama süresini uzatmayı hedeflemektedir. Bu derlemede aktif bileşenler ile zenginleştirilmiş yenilebilir film ve kaplamaların et, balık ve türev ürünlerine uygulanması ve depolama süresince bu ürünlerde meydana gelebilecek mikrobiyal ve oksidatif bozulmalara ve duyusal kalite kayıplarına karşı gösterdiği koruyucu etki hakkında bilgi verilmiştir.

This study focuses on the investigation of enhancing convective heat transfer between the absorber and the air inside a channel. The investigation approaches modeling different absorber through CFD simulation and validating the result with experimental data. Supplying air to both sides of the top and the bottom surfaces of the absorber increase the air mass flow rate and therefore increases the thermal efficiency of the dryer. The studies in a V-grooved absorber attain high hot air velocity; high thermal efficiency resulted from high turbulence created in the duct. For the sample taken with a flow range, 0.01kg/s to 0.06 kg/s, the high output temperature was observed in a lower temperature range and increases as the flow rate increases. At a flow rate 0.01 kg/s, the velocity of hot air passing over the V-grooved absorber attain 0.28 m/s and increased to 1.4 m/s as the mass flow rate increased to 0.06 kg/s. For the rectangular absorber, the velocity of hot air attains 0.15 m/s at a flow rate of 0.01 kg/s and increased to 1.46 m/s as the mass flow rate increases to 0.06 kg/s. The double-sided V-grooved absorber contributes 8 – 12.40% value more efficiency compared to the rectangular plate with the same flow orientation. Further investigation is recommended taking the quantitative analysis obtained in this study and generating qualitative data.

Determining the potential bioavailability of heavy metals, evaluating according to adapted regulations is essential to efficiently conserve our coastal and estuarine waters. In this study, it is aimed to determine the industrial pollution and various other pollution sources that the Black Sea Basin is exposed to by using DGT (Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films) method and grab (manuel) sampling method in water and sediment and to evaluate the existing pollution according to quality standards. In Samsun, seasonal samples were collected from five different sampling stations, namely Akkiraz Stream, Hıdırellez Stream, Organized Industrial Zone (OIZ) Channel, Şabanoğlu Stream and Selyeri Stream, which are selected from Tekkeköy region where industry is intensively active. In order to determine the heavy metal content in both water and sediment samples, the DGT method was chosen for passive sampling and the grab sampling method was used for active sampling, and the efficiency of the methods was evaluated. According to the results of the study, the heavy metal concentration in grab sampling for water samples in descending order Al> Fe> Zn> Pb> Ni> Cu; In the samples taken with DGT, they are listed as Al> Fe> Zn> Cu> Ni> Pb. There were significant relationships between the total metal concentrations of sediment (Csed) and water (Csu) in grab sampling and metal concentrations sediment (Csed-DGT) and water (Csu-DGT) measured by DGT. It was found that the sensitivity and performance of sampling with DGT was 2-10 times higher compared to grab sampling. The high resolution in situ DGT technique for the assessment and management of the potential release risk of heavy metals at the water-sediment interface is a complementary method that contributes to the standard grab sampling method.