This study first analyses the use of digital technologies in agriculture from two different perspectives. Then, correlation analyses using these data aim to show which countries focus on which of the two perspectives are ahead in agricultural exports. In the study, publications containing the word ‘agriculture’ in the title, abstract, or keywords section of the Scopus database and the keywords ‘digital technology’ and ‘production’ in the all-fields section were selected and recorded as publications in which digital technologies in agricultural production were investigated. Then, in the Scopus database, publications containing the word ‘agriculture’ in the title, abstract or keywords section and the words ‘digital technology’ and ‘marketing’ in the all-fields section were kept in a separate category and recorded as publications in which digital technologies in marketing of agricultural products were investigated. These two data sets were subjected to correlation analysis with export data obtained from OECD databases, and interactions on the axes of agriculture, digital technologies, production, and marketing were revealed. After selecting the OECD member countries with export data from all the data obtained, the number of academic publications of these countries with the specified conditions is given in separate tables. The correlation analysis on OECD member countries revealed a statistically significant and strong positive relationship between the average agricultural export volumes for 2020-2024 and the number of scientific publications containing the terms agriculture, digital technologies, and production indexed in the Scopus database. The Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated as r = 0.813, and the significance level was p = 0.004. When a similar correlation analysis was conducted with publications containing agriculture, digital technologies, and marketing terms, the Pearson correlation coefficient was r = 0.958 with a significance level of p < 0.001. This finding indicates that countries that produce higher levels of academic output in agriculture (publications containing both production and marketing terms) tend to have higher export performance in the agricultural sector. The results suggest that there may be a significant relationship between academic productivity and economic output in international agricultural trade.

Türkiye 2015-2023 yılları arasında dünya arılı kovan sayısında üçüncü, bal üretiminde ise ikinci sırada yer almıştır. Ancak bal üretim miktarı ve kovan sayısı her geçen yıl artmasına rağmen verimin genel olarak düştüğü görülmektedir. Bu çalışma, arıcılık sektörünün temel ürünlerinden biri olan bal üretiminin verimliliğini analiz etmek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veri olarak dünya ve Türkiye’ye ait 33 yıllık istatistikler kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca, Malatya’da, sektörün verimliliğini etkileyebilecek olası faktörleri incelemek amacıyla bir anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Türkiye ve dünya verimlilik düzeyleri karşılaştırılırken, iller arasındaki verim farklılıkları da incelenmiştir. Toplanan veriler tanımlayıcı istatistiklerle değerlendirilmiş; verimlilik farklılıklarını test etmek amacıyla t-testi, ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U testi ve Pearson korelasyon analizleri uygulanmıştır. Sonuçta koloni sayısı ve toplam bal üretiminde Türkiye’nin büyüme oranlarının dünyadan daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Ancak Türkiye’nin kovan başına bal verimi, incelenen dönem boyunca dünya ortalamasının altında kalmıştır. Bu verim düşüklüğü özellikle son yıllarda daha da belirgin hâle gelmiştir. Türkiye’nin bal veriminin bölgesel farklılıklar içerdiği de görülmüştür. Bu durum, sadece üretim hacmine odaklanmanın yeterli olmadığını; verimliliği artıracak stratejilerin geliştirilmesinin gerekli olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu bağlamda, yüksek verim sağlayan bölgelerdeki iyi uygulama örneklerinin yaygınlaştırılması ve sektöre verilecek desteklerin artırılması önerilebilir.

This study investigates the spatial and temporal variation of thallium (Tl) accumulation in different tissues (outer bark, inner bark, and wood) of Robinia pseudoacacia growing in the city center of Düzce, Türkiye, a region known for severe air pollution. Sampling was performed by sectioning the main trunk at approximately 50 cm above ground level, and Tl concentrations were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Variance analysis revealed significant differences in Tl concentrations depending on organ type and directional exposure (p <0.001). The highest concentrations were generally detected in the northern orientation, with the outer bark showing particularly elevated accumulation. Temporal evaluations across twelve time periods from 1963 to 2022 indicated a decreasing trend in Tl levels after 2008, suggesting improved environmental conditions in recent years. The results highlight the ability of Robinia pseudoacacia to reflect both spatial and historical patterns of Tl contamination, supporting its use as a medium-sensitivity biomonitor. Additionally, the wood tissue showed a potential to represent long-term cumulative Tl exposure. Overall, these findings suggest that Robinia pseudoacacia could be an effective candidate for phytoremediation and biomonitoring strategies in urban and industrial areas with thallium contamination.

Our study is on the protective effect of lavender oil on oxidative stress caused by copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs). For this purpose, 0.5 mg/kg body weight L. angustifolia, 5.0 mg/kg body weight CuO NPs and their mixtures (0.5 mg/kg body weight L. angustifolia +5 mg/kg body weight CuO NPs) were administered to mice by gavage method for 14 days. At the end of the time, antioxidant activities such as biochemical parameters (ALT, AST, T. Prot, Cholesterol) in mouse blood tissue and their combined effects on copper accumulation in kidney and liver tissues were investigated in male Swiss albino mice. The study results showed that copper accumulation in liver and kidney tissue increased significantly. While ALT and AST values in blood tissue increased compared to control, significant decreases were observed in T. Protein and cholesterol levels. These results showed us that lavender oil was significantly effective in homeostatic effects against any toxicity in mouse blood tissue.

In this research, the effects of different IBA (indole butyric acid) doses on the rooting of ‘Nero’ and ‘Viking’ aronia cultivars were investigated. Wood cuttings of these cultivars were used in the study. After the cuttings were disinfected, they were immersed in 1500, 2000 and 2500 ppm IBA solutions and planted in perlite medium with three replications. The cuttings were kept in a rooting system heated from below for sixty days; callus rate (%), rooting rate (%), number of roots (number), root thickness (mm), root length (cm) were evaluated. In the study, the best callus formation rate in ‘Viking’ cultivar was 55.81% at 2000 ppm, the rooting rate was in the ‘Viking’ cultivar at 2500 ppm (73.11%), the best average root number was in the ‘Viking’ cultivar at 2500 ppm IBA application (1.93 units/stem), the best average root thickness was found in the ‘Viking’ at 2500 ppm (0.23 mm) and the best average root length was found in the ‘Viking’ at 2500 ppm (0.77 cm).

The grapevine is one of the most cultivated, healthy, delicious and refreshing fruit species in the world. The fact that grapes have many different usage methods increases the interest of producers in grapes. In addition, the large berry and showy grapes grown especially for table use also increase the interest of consumers. In our study, different cluster thinning applications were applied to the Samancı Çekirdeksizi grape variety. Thinning the clusters, unlike classical applications, aimed to shorten the cluster sizes by cutting 1/3 and 2/3 of the clusters and improving the berry characteristics. In this context, 1/3 and 2/3 of the tips and shoulders of the clusters were cut. As a result of different cluster thinning applications, cluster, berry and phenolic properties were examined. As a result of 1/3, SR (Shoulder removal) and 1/3 CTR (Cluster Tip Removal) applications, increases were determined in cluster weights. All applications caused increases in berry characteristics, SSC (Soluble Solids Content), maturity index, pH, berry detachment force, skin rupture force, phenolic content and antioxidant activity, while decreases were observed in TA (Titratable Acidity) values. It was concluded that 1/3 SR and 1/3 CTR applications can be applied for both yield and quality increase. In addition, it was seen that the berry size increase, which is an important parameter for table grape varieties, can be achieved by cutting a part of the cluster. In future studies to be conducted with table grape varieties, the idea that it would be more appropriate to cut a part of the cluster instead of cutting all the clusters came to the fore.

Wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, has emerged globally as a serious pathogen in wheat-producing regions. Historical evidence suggests that stripe rust prevalence in wheat existed before people began growing wheat as a staple crop. The disease is characterized by yellow-orange pustule stripes on leaves and other above-ground plant parts. Its high mutation ability and remarkable adaptation capacity cause significant losses in the host's biomass and overall grain yield. The disease can be effectively managed through multifaceted approaches, including the selection of resistant varieties, eradication of alternate hosts, optimal use of nitrogen, irrigation scheduling, and the deployment of various biocontrol agents such as Bacillus subtilis, Streptomyces tauricus, and Pseudomonas putida. The application of the fungicides Picoxystrobin, Fluoxastrobin, Pyraclostrobin, Propiconazole, Tebuconazole, Prothioconazole, and Metconazole + Pyraclostrobin has also proven effective in controlling stripe rust. Furthermore, the study aims to explore the application of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and disease forecasting models in addressing prediction and management challenges.

Niğde ilinde yoğun patates yetiştiriciliği yapılan 38 lokasyondan alınan Patates Kist Nematodu (PKN) popülasyonlarında moleküler teşhisi yapılmıştır. Altın Kist Nematodu olarak isimlendirilen Globodera rostochiensis 1959 ve Beyaz Kist Nematodu olarak isimlendirilen Globodera. pallida, ülkemizde ve dünya çapında patates yetiştiriciliğinde ciddi verim kayıplarına neden olan türlerdir. Türkiye’de ilk kez 1985 yılında Bolu ilinde tespit edilen G. rostochiensis, daha sonraki yıllarda Ege Bölgesinde patates üretimi yapılan tarlalarda da saptanmıştır. PCN'ye karşı en etkili kontrol stratejisi olan dayanıklı çeşit geliştirme çalışmalarında tür teşhisinin doğru ve hızlı olması çok önemlidir. Bu çalışmada G. rostochiensis ve G. pallida moleküler teknikler kullanılarak tanımlanmıştır. Bu nematod türlerini hassas bir şekilde ayırt etmek için ITS5, PITSp4 ve PITSr3 primerleri kullanılmıştır. Tür teşhisi sonucunda tüm örnekler G. rostochiensis olarak tespit edilmiştir.

This study was conducted in the unheated glass greenhouses of Van Yuzuncu Yil University to evaluate the effects of liquid vermicompost (LWF) and cinnamon applications on the yield and associated parameters of radish (Raphanus sativus L.). The experiment was designed in a randomized block design with three replications and included six treatment groups: control (K), 1% LWF (LWF1), 2% LWF (LWF2), 3 g cinnamon (CIN3), and their combinations (LWF1+CIN3 and LWF2+CIN3). Plant height, stem diameter, root length, leaf number, radish size, and biomass values were measured and statistically analyzed. According to the results, the LWF2 treatment significantly increased plant height (20.27 cm) and total fresh weight (59.87 g) compared to the control. Cinnamon alone yielded the highest stem diameter (6.07 mm) and radish diameter (17.83 mm). Furthermore, it achieved the highest dry matter accumulation (15.10 g), representing a 5.4% increase relative to the control. Although the combined applications of LWF and cinnamon, particularly LWF2+CIN3, led to notable reductions in plant height (15,2%), fresh weight (37,3%), and dry weight (27.4%), this treatment also maximized the uptake of potassium, magnesium, iron, and calcium, while reducing sodium accumulation by approximately 21.3% compared to the control. Correlation analysis revealed strong positive relationships between plant height and fresh weight (r = 0.93), and between stem diameter and radish diameter (r = 0.90). The findings indicate that LWF alone promotes plant growth, whereas its combination with cinnamon may exert antagonistic interactions that suppress yield. These results suggest that organic inputs influence not only yield-related traits but also nutrient uptake dynamics, highlighting the need for further research into dosage and combination optimization.

In modern apple farming, dwarf apple rootstocks are crucial. They manage tree size, boost fruit quality, and help trees handle different climates. With climate change making conditions like drought, salinity, and extreme temperatures more severe, and with rising pest and disease issues, developing stress-resistant rootstocks is now a top priority. This review examines recent findings on how dwarf rootstocks, specifically the M.9, B.9, and Geneva series, cope with these challenges. Research shows they have remarkable resilience, thanks to improved water-use efficiency, better nutrient uptake, and clever hormonal regulation. Modern tools like genomics and gene editing are quickly helping us identify the genes responsible for this resilience. We're also discovering that beneficial microbes in the soil can partner with these rootstocks, which further improves their stress tolerance and overall soil health. The connection between the rootstock and the scion the apple variety grafted onto it is also crucial. Their interaction directly impacts on the tree's growth, how much fruit it produces, and its ability to withstand stress. This is why selecting the right combination is key to a successful orchard. Moreover, producing defensive compounds like tannins, phenolic acid and tannins associated with physiological resistance. Turns out into favorable conditions such as adjusting osmotic environment may lead to biochemical resistance. Furthermore, to limit the impact of stress, it is necessary to modernize and improve irrigation techniques, selection of resistant rootstock and cultivars, implement biotechnological tools. Combining these approaches can help crops thrive despite challenging conditions. In this review, we study the notable biotic and abiotic stress impacted apple tree along with available dwarfing rootstock and their resistance mechanisms. Moreover, address the challenges and problems in dwarfing rootstock in terms of adoptability and compatibility offering valuable insights to improve stress management in fruit growing.