This study was carried out in Rize province in 2016, on fresh leaf samples collected from an organic tea plantation. In this study, the aim was to determine the effect of pruning age (1st year, 3rd year and 5th year following the last pruning) and diurnal variability on antioxidant activity and dry matter rate in tea leaves depending on shoot periods. When the pruning age was considered, the highest antioxidant activity was obtained from the plants which were in 5th pruning age in the 1st shoot period with 4991,1 μmol FeSO4/g dw. In terms of the same trait, the effect of pruning age on antioxidant activity during the 2nd shoot period was insignificant, while the highest antioxidant activity in the third shoot period was obtained from 1st pruning age with 7229.2 μmol FeSO4/g dw. As a general average, considering intraday collecting time, antioxidant activity in leaves collected in morning (07.00) and at noon (12.00) was very close to each other, while the collected leaves in the evening (17.00) had higher values. The dry matter rates obtained from the 1st, 3rd and 5th pruning ages were 23.45%, 25.23% and 25.45% respectively. When the shoot period was considered, the lowest dry matter rate was 20.17% in the first shoot period and the highest dry matter rate was 28.8% in the 2nd shoot period and high values were obtained from the leaves collected at noon.

Bu çalışmada dünyada ve Türkiye’de önemli bir gıda ve endüstriyel hammadde kaynağı olan mısırın ekonomik gelişim seyrinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda ikincil verilerden derlenen mısırın yetiştirildiği alanı, üretim miktarı, verimliliği, üretim- tüketim dengesi, ithalat-ihracat değerleri, yurtiçi ve yurtdışı fiyatları incelenmiştir. Dünyadaki başlıca mısır üreten ülkeler ile Türkiye’de mısırın gelişim seyri iç ve dış piyasa açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Dünyada olduğu gibi Türkiye’de de yıllar itibariyle mısırın verimliliği ve üretim alanları artmış, buna bağlı olarak da hem üretim miktarı hem tüketim miktarında artış olduğu görülmüştür. Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD) mısır üretimi ve tüketiminde ilk sırada yer alırken, mısır en çok hayvansal üretimde yem olarak kullanmıştır. İthalat ve ihracat değerleri incelendiğinde ABD iç tüketimini karşılama açısından başarı göstermiş ve iç tüketimini karşılamanın yanı sıra mısırın ihracatında da önemli rol almıştır. Türkiye’de ise 2016/17 üretim yılı içerisinde mısırın yeterlilik derecesi %87,80 olarak belirlenmiş ve yıllar itibariyle yeterlilik oranının arttığı belirlenmiştir. Dünyadaki nüfus artışına bağlı olarak gıda talebinde oluşacak artışlar, alternatif enerji kaynağı arayışları ve mısırın kullanım alanının genişlemesine bağlı olarak gelecek yıllarda mısıra olan talebin artmaya devam etmesi ve dolayısıyla yaratılan ekonomik değerinde artması beklenmektedir.

Sustainability and development of the dairy enterprises are dependent on competitiveness. Determination of the performance of the enterprises requires measurement and analyses of the financial performance of the enterprises. The ability of dairy enterprises to continue and grow is dependent on competitiveness. It requires that the financial performance of the farm enterprises be measured and analysed in order for the enterprises to be able to detect the competition power in a healthy manner. The aim of the study is to analyse the financial performance of the dairy enterprises in Konya province by determining the capital structure. Çumra, Karapınar and Ereğli districts constituted 15% of the number of bovine animals, were selected by using sampling method. The number of dairy cattle in these enterprises constituted the main frame of the population the primary data collected from 125 dairy farm enterprises with questionnaire technique through stratified sampling method with 95% confidence interval and error margin of 5%. The capital structure of the enterprises surveyed in the research area was classified according to their functions and the average active capital of the enterprises was calculated as 845,330.85$. 67.87% of the active capital is composed of land capital, 31.70% is composed of fixed enterprises capital and 0.43% is variable working capital. The economic profitability level (EP) was determined as 6.90% and the financial profitability level (FP) indicated the success of the enterprise was calculated as 7.06%. The capital turnover rate, an important indicator in the success and comparison of the enterprises, is 28.22%. As a result, their development and competitiveness are slow, because they do not use enough business and investment capital.

Asparagus officinalis is a spring vegetable contains flavonoids, amino acid derivatives, glycolic acid, tyrosine, vitamins, saponins and essential oils and it has health benefits such as prevention of cancer, mutation, inflammation, and liver damage. The aim of this study is to investigate drying kinetics of Asparagus officinalis. According to R, χ2, RMSE and Error values, the model parameters at different temperatures (70°C, 80°C, 90°C), spear thickness (1 mm, 2 mm and 3mm), and microwave power (100 W, 200 W, and 300W) were compared. Midilli and Kucuk equation was found as the best equation to describe drying of Asparagus officinalis. R values of Midilli and Kucuk Equation changed between 0.8886 and 0.9989 for hot air drying and between 0.9568 and 0.9999 for a microwave drying.

One-year investigation is carried out aimed at evaluating all incomes and costs with a specific focus on the impact of feeding factors in 12 Holstein dairy farms (in total 284 cows) in Kosovo. The cost of on-farm produced feeds; the price of purchased feeds and the price of milk were used for the analysis. All costs created during this period are duly registered and considered in the analysis. Economic analysis showed that prices of on-farm produced feed were much lower (30 €/ton for silages and for hay). Average daily feed cost was 2.33 €/cow/day, while milk income was only 4.9 €/d. Individual feed groups contributed to total milk cost as follows: silages with 0.04 €/kg, dry roughages with 0.02 €/kg, and concentrates with 0.10 €/kg, while all other factors taken 0.13 €/kg of milk price. This study showed that feed was the largest farm expense making 68% of total farm costs.

Bu çalışmada yeme antibiyotik (amoksisilin+klavulanik asit) ve probiyotik ilavesinin gökkuşağı alabalıklarında (Oncorhynchus mykiss) bazı immünolojik ve serum biyokimyasal sağlık karakteristikleri üzerine etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Yeme ilave edilen antibiyotik veya probiyotik katkılarının lizozim aktivitesi, myeloperoksidaz aktivitesi, serum total protein, albümin, globülin, trigliserit ve kolesterol değerleri üzerine herhangi bir etkisinin olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Antibiyotik ile beslenen balıkların serum glikoz düzeyleri kontrole göre önemli oranda artmıştır. Bununla birlikte antibiyotik ile beslenen balıkların GOT değeri kontrole göre önemli oranda azalmıştır. Ayrıca LDH ve ALP değerleri antibiyotik ve probiyotik ilavesi ile kontrole göre azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma, tek bir deneysel model olup farklı balık türlerinde ve farklı balık patojenlerinde karşı probiyotik kullanımı farklı dozlara veya zamana bağlı olarak değişebilir. Bu nedenle bu çalışma çeşitli kan parametrelerinin değerlendirilmesi açısından diğer çalışmalara ışık tutmaktadır.

In Ordu, which is located in the Eastern Black Sea Region in Turkey, there is a significant tourism mobility especially in recent years. Having a rich tourism potential, Ordu has become a center of attraction for culture and nature tourism. In this study; the contribution of tourism and recreation potential of Boztepe in the city of Ordu to the image of the city was investigated in the first stage. The Gülez method was used to determine the recreation potential and the recreation potential was determined as "Too High" according to the assessment criteria set out by the method. In the second step, a randomized questionnaire study was conducted with random sampling technique with 100 people, and as a result it was determined that Boztepe was seen as a component contributing to the image of the city. In the last stage, SWOT analysis for the area was applied to reveal the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the field.

Irish farms are predominately and highly specialized in crops as cereals, protein crops and in dairy productions. The aim of this research was to estimate the economic efficiency in Irish farms part of the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) dataset stratified in function of their own typology of productive specialization since 2004 to 2015 by a quantitative approach such as the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Positive has been the role of inputs as financial subsidies allocated by the Common Agricultural Policy, the first and second pillar, in increasing the economic efficiency of Irish farms. Field crops farms have not had the best results in terms of the economic efficiency even if over the time, in particular during the economic crises 2008-2009, findings have not been stable with significant fluctuations and a sharply decrease of efficiency as a consequence of economic turbulences. Focusing the attention on the research outcomes in all years of investigation comparing also the different typology of farming, mixed farms and farms with animals, such as specialist cattle, sheep, goats and other grazing livestock, have had the highest levels of economic efficiency equal to 100%; by contrast Irish dairy farms have had the modest levels of economic efficiency close to 77%.

Fusarium culmorum is predominating causal agent of head blight (HB) and root rot (RR) in cereals worldwide. Since F. culmorum has a great level of genetic diversity and the parasexual stage is assumed for this phytopathogen, characterization of isolates from different regions is significant step in food safety and controlling the HB. In this study, it was aimed to characterize totally 37 F. culmorum isolates from Turkey via sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) marker based genotyping. MAT-1/MAT-2 type assay was also used in order to reveal intraspecific variation in F. culmorum. MAT-1 and MAT-2 specific primer pairs for mating assays resulted in 210 and 260 bp bands, respectively. 11 of isolates were belonged to MAT-1 type whereas 19 samples were of MAT-2. Remaining 7 samples yielded both amplicons. Totally 9 SRAP primer sets yielded amplicons from all isolates. Genetic similarity values were ranged from 39 to 94.7%. Total band number was 127 and PCR product sizes were in the range of 0.1-2.5 kb. Amplicon numbers for individuals were ranged from 1 to 16. According to data obtained from current study, SRAP based genotyping is powerful tool for supporting the data obtained from investigations including phenotypic and agro-ecological characteristics. Findings showed that SRAP-based markers could be useful in F. culmorum characterization.