Turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn.) is widely recognized for its medicinal properties; however, the potential of Nepalese turmeric varieties, specifically Kapurkot Haledo 1 (KK1), Kapurkot Haledo-2 (KK2), and Sugandha, remains underexplored, particularly in relation to their processing outcomes and quality characteristics. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different blanching methods on these varieties' quality traits. Using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), the experiment tested three blanching treatments: distilled water boiling (DWB), alkaline water boiling (AWB), and a control, with nine treatment combinations, each replicated four times. Statistical analysis showed that KK2 had the highest dry recovery percentage (23.51%), with DWB proving more effective than AWB. KK1 exhibited the most significant length shrinkage, whereas KK2 treated with AWB showed the least. In terms of diameter, KK1 and Sugandha showed the highest shrinkage, while KK2 treated with AWB demonstrated minimal shrinkage. For color quality, KK1 received the highest color score (6.75), followed by Sugandha and KK2, with AWB generally enhancing color ratings across the varieties. Significant interactions between turmeric variety and blanching method were observed. Specifically, KK1 with DWB achieved the highest dry recovery, similar to KK2 under AWB treatment. Additionally, Sugandha treated with AWB showed the least length shrinkage, and KK2 exhibited the lowest diameter shrinkage under both control and AWB treatments. Regarding oil content, KK1 and Sugandha retained the highest levels under control conditions, while KK2 with AWB showed the lowest ash content and the highest curcumin concentration in the control group. In summary, the findings suggest that the combination of KK2 with AWB or DWB yields optimal outcomes across multiple quality parameters, underscoring the effectiveness of these blanching methods as post-harvest processing techniques for enhancing the quality of Nepalese turmeric.

The basic need of humanity is food. The agricultural sector has had to use new technologies in food production in recent years. The increase in the world population has necessitated the agricultural sector to produce more. Therefore, in recent years, the use of technology in agriculture has increased and new developments have occurred. Especially Industry 4.0 technologies have become preferred by manufacturers with the convenience and added values they provide. In this research, participants’ views on their expectations from technology in agriculture, their views on the use of drones in agriculture, farmers’ views on technology use, and farmers’ views on the agricultural technology context were examined. In the research, information management systems in agriculture and a survey to determine students’ interest in agricultural projects were used as data collection tools. Rapidly developing technology in recent years makes the work of producers easier in the field of agriculture and offers researchers the opportunity to research new topics. Within the scope of this research, it is important to create this research in order to determine the needs and reveal the current situation. According to the research, the participants do not see themselves as having sufficient knowledge about technology in agriculture. The research results show that the participants do not follow the developments in agriculture in the digital environment. It is seen that the participants have partially sufficient knowledge about the use of drones in agriculture, that the use of drones will be beneficial and that the use of drones will replace the use of traditional agricultural tools.

Bu çalışma, ultrasonik işlemin sofralık zeytinlerin mineral ve fizikokimyasal özellikleri üzerinde önemli etkileri olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Kontrol grubunda %0,811 olan kalsiyum (Ca) içeriği, 10°C’de 15, 30 ve 45 dakikalık ultrasonik işlem sonrası sırasıyla %0,052, %0,02 ve %0,013 değerlerine düşmüştür. Magnezyum (Mg) içeriği ise kontrol grubundaki %0,246’dan 10°C'de 30 dakikalık işlem sonunda %0,36’ya yükselmiştir. Demir (Fe) içeriği %0,001 civarında sabit kalmıştır. En dikkat çekici değişim sodyum (Na) içeriğinde gerçekleşmiş; kontrol grubunda 12568 mg/kg olan miktar 10°C'de 15 dakikalık işlem sonrası 345 mg/kg’a düşmüştür. Potasyum (K) miktarı da aynı işlem koşulunda 7002 mg/kg’dan 3 mg/kg’a gerilemiştir. Ayrıca ultrasonik işlem sonucunda zeytinlerin nem içeriğinde yaklaşık %10 ila %16 arasında azalma ve yağ ekstrakte edilebilirliğinde artış gözlemlenmiştir. Toplam fenolik madde içeriği (TPC) ultrasonik işlem koşullarına göre değişkenlik göstermiş olup, en yüksek değer 30°C'de 30 dakikalık işlemde 577 mg GAE/100g olarak tespit edilmiştir. Renk değişimi açısından yapılan değerlendirmelerde, ultrasonik uygulamanın zeytinlerin renginde belirgin bir değişikliğe neden olmadığı belirlenmiştir.  Duyusal değerlendirme sonuçlarında ise genel kabul edilebilirlikte ultrasonik işlem sıcaklık ve sürelerine bağlı küçük farklılıklar gözlemlenmiştir. Sonuçlar, ultrasonik işlemin düşük sodyum içerikli sofralık zeytin üretiminde ve mineral kompozisyonunun iyileştirilmesinde etkili olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.

While the size of the preovulatory follicle is a crucial marker of reproductive potential in mares, its connection to reproductive parameters, especially in Arabian mares, remains uncertain. This study examined the association between preovulatory follicle size and various reproductive parameters in 301 Arabian mares, monitored ultrasonographically over four years and 563 estrous cycles. The mares were categorized into four age groups: 3–8, 9–13, 14–17, and 18 years and older. The preovulatory follicle diameter across consecutive cycles and the size of follicles leading to pregnancy post-ovulation were analyzed in relation to the ovulation side, age, parity, ovulatory cycle, and parous state. The mean preovulatory follicle size was 46.3±4.34 mm (range: 39–60 mm), with no significant difference between the pregnancy and non-pregnancy cycles (p=0.490). Parity was not correlated with overall follicle size (r=-0.013, p=0.757) or follicle size during the pregnancy cycles (r=-0.060, p=0.303). However, preovulatory follicle diameter varied significantly across ovulatory cycles (p=0.040), with the second cycle having the smallest mean follicle size (45.45±0.35 mm) compared to the first (46.5±0.23 mm) and third (46.95±0.53 mm) cycles. Additionally, parous mares had significantly larger follicles (46.40±0.19 mm) than maiden mares (45.25±0.57 mm, p=0.050), while age group (p=0.796) and ovulation side (p=0.558) had no significant effect on follicle size. Follicle size remained consistent between pregnancy and non-pregnancy cycles across different age groups, consecutive cycles, parity states, and ovulation sides. These findings suggest that although follicle size varies across ovulatory cycles and parous states, it does not significantly affect pregnancy outcomes in Arabian mares. This insight could help refine breeding strategies by emphasizing the role of factors other than follicle size in optimizing reproductive success.

The aim of this study is to examine the essential oil ratios and components of fresh and dried peppermint leaves cultured in Kırşehir ecological conditions. To obtain essential oil from the leaves of the peppermint (Mentha piperita L.), it was subjected to hydrodistillation for 3 hours using a Clevenger type apparatus. GC-MS analysis was performed with the Shimadzu QP2010-Ultra GC-MS system. Relative percentages of separated compounds were calculated from total ion chromatograms. Identification of the components of peppermint essential oil was based on Wiley and NIST mass spectral library. The essential oil percentages obtained from fresh and dried peppermint leaves were determined as 0.84% ​​and 2.6%, respectively. The major components of the essential oil of fresh Mentha piperita L. leaves were determined as menthol (43.28%), menthone (19.68%), eucalyptol (7.60%), pulegone (3.41%), β-Caryophyllene (2.10%), Germacrene-D (1.82%) and veridifluorol (1.1%). The major components of the essential oil of dried peppermint leaves were determined as menthol (45.95%), menthone (19.00%), eucalyptol (8.06%), pulegone (2.23%), β-Caryophyllene (2.72%), Germacrene-D (2.21%) and veridiflorol (0.81%). The highest essential oil ratio, the highest menthol and the highest menthone ratio were obtained from dried peppermint leaves. Results, it was determined that there were significant differences between the essential oil ratios and components of dried and fresh leaf peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) cultivated in Kırşehir ecological conditions.

Inbreeding increases homozygosity, resulting in a loss of alleles and lower genetic variation than the parental population. In a small population, this low genetic variation and homozygosity can quickly lead to adverse effects. This study was conducted on a flock of pigeons with 32 adult pigeons. A disease characterized by dyspnea, anorexia, vomiting and sudden death has occurred in birds. Mortality and morbidity were recorded during the outbreak. The inbreeding coefficient was determined in the flock, with pedigree records going back 12 years. Although not significant, the inbreeding coefficient of dead birds are lower than that of symptomatic or healthy birds. It is also seen that there is no statistical significance in terms of inbreeding depression in morbidity or mortality status. The result indicated that inbreeding depression in morbidity and mortality was not observed in this particular disease case.

While nanotechnology is widely applied in diverse fields like agriculture, biochemistry, and medicine, it remains a rapidly advancing discipline that introduces more complex applications in food systems compared to traditional technologies. The rapid advancement of nanotechnology has brought significant changes to multiple aspects of food science, including processing, packaging, storage, transportation, functionality, and safety. Various nanostructured materials, ranging from inorganic metals, metal oxides, and their composites to bioactive agents incorporated into organic nanoparticles, have been employed within the food industry. Regardless of the substantial advantages of nanotechnology, there are growing concerns about its use, mainly related to the potential accumulation of nanostructured materials in the human body and the environment, leading to various health and safety risks. Therefore, it is crucial to consider safety and health concerns and adhere to regulatory policies while manufacturing, processing, intelligent packaging, and consuming nano-enhanced food products. This review aims to provide a fundamental understanding of nanotechnology applications in food packaging and processing industries while identifying prospects and potential risks associated with nanostructured materials. Additionally, it delves into the health, risk, and hazard aspects of nanoparticles in food and their role in food safety assessments, highlighting specific areas of concern.

Population growth and the rise in the level of welfare across the world cause an increase in the demand for water, energy and food, while water supply in sufficient quantity and quality is gradually decreasing in parallel. In addition, events such as droughts and floods caused by climate change have negative impacts on ecosystems. In line with the increasing water demand, it is becoming increasingly important to develop sustainable development of water resources, to provide water in the required quantity and quality at the desired place and time, to develop solutions for the effective management of inter-sectoral allocation and to control losses and leakages. Worldwide, the distribution of groundwater and surface water resources by sectors varies between continents over the years and depending on the development of the sectors. When the water consumption rates of domestic (drinking and using), industrial and agricultural sectors, which are the largest users of water resources, are analysed, it is seen that agricultural use is 69%, industrial use is 19% and domestic use is 12% on a global scale. In Turkey, approximately 75% of total water resources are used for agricultural irrigation, while this rate is 33% in Europe. However, the rate of agricultural water use in Southern European countries can reach up to 75%. As is evident, the agricultural sector accounts for the most intensive use of water resources. Agriculture has the most important share in the sustainability of water resources due to its high utilization rate. For this reason, agricultural water use constitutes the main point of ensuring the sustainability of water resources and the most effective use of existing resources. In this study, the basic elements of sustainable urban water management are discussed and a framework for assessing the current water use of Izmir province with a water footprint approach is presented as an example. In addition, a flow chart has been prepared as a basis for the creation of a water footprint map. Such assessments will provide important contributions in terms of ensuring ecosystem sustainability, increasing water efficiency in cities and reducing risks associated with water resources, including food security, and supporting sustainable development.

Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) have developed many high valued rice varieties and advanced rice genotypes including anti-oxidant properties Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G), phenolic compounds. This study evaluated the performance and stability of two antioxidant-enriched rice genotypes BR12836-4R-63 (V1) and BR12836-4R-312 (V2), along with two released varieties BRRI dhan34 (V3) and BRRI dhan70 (V4) as checks across ten agro-ecological zones in Bangladesh (Satkhira, Bogura, Cumilla, Feni, Gopalganj, Barisal, Rajshahi, Rangpur, Kushtia, and Gazipur) during the 2023 wet (Aman) season. The study was conducted using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in all the regions. Yield performance and stability of the genotypes were analyzed using AMMI and GGE biplot models. Significant genotype-environment interactions (GEI) were observed, particularly for grain yield (GY), plant height (PHT), and thousand-grain weight (TGW). The highest grain yield was recorded for V4 (3.6 t ha⁻¹), followed by V2 (3.4 t ha⁻¹) and V1 (3.1 t ha⁻¹), with the lowest yield observed in V3 (2.9 t ha⁻¹). Additionally, V2 exhibited a shorter growth duration (130 days) than the check varieties, suggesting its potential for early-maturity breeding programs. The AMMI analysis revealed that V4 and V2 were the most stable and high-yielding genotypes, whereas V1 and V3 showed poor adaptability. The GGE biplot identified BRRI dhan70 (V4) as the stable and adaptable genotype, while BR12836-4R-312 (V2) demonstrated strong performance in specific environments, particularly in Cumilla, Feni, and Rajshahi. The findings suggest that the advanced line BR12836-4R-312 would be released through national system of Bangladesh as anti-oxidant enriched rice variety.

Bu çalışma, İstanbul’da faaliyet gösteren perakende balık satış yerlerindeki yetkililerin ve çalışanların sosyo-demografik özelliklerini, hijyen bilgi düzeylerini ve sektörel sorunlarını incelemiştir. Çalışma, İstanbul genelinde 60 perakende balık satış işletmesinde çalışanlarla yüz yüze anketler ve 16 Su Ürünleri Kontrol Görevlisi ile çevrimiçi anket yoluyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Katılımcıların %95’inin erkek olduğu ve ağırlıklı olarak 31-55 yaş aralığında yer aldığı gözlemlenmiştir. Çalışanların %40’ının sektörde otuz yıldan fazla deneyime sahip olduğu ve %93’ünün sattıkları ürünleri iyi tanıdığı belirlenmiştir. Su Ürünleri Kontrol Görevlilerinin %63’ü yapılan denetimlerin yetersiz olduğunu düşünürken, %50’si bu durumu personel eksikliğine bağlamaktadır. Öte yandan, perakende balık satış yerlerinde çalışanların %80’i denetimlerin balık hallerinde yoğunlaştırılması gerektiğini düşünmektedir. Çalışma, perakende balık satış yerlerinin su ürünleri sektörü içinde önemli bir yere sahip olmasına rağmen, zor çalışma koşulları nedeniyle kadınlar ve gençler için tercih edilmeyen bir iş alanı olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca, çalışanların hijyen uygulamalarını bilmelerine rağmen bunları iş yerlerinde uygulamadıkları ve resmi denetimlerin yetersiz kaldığı gözlemlenmiştir.