The purpose of this study is to indicate and analyse the factors that affect the decision of the Prespa bean producers to implement Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) in their farmlands. Additionally, the social characteristics of the producers are analyzed in order to obtain a broader picture. To achieve the above objectives, a logit model was applied as well as descriptive statistics for the analysis of the personal and social characteristics of farmers. The research was conducted in the Florina Prefecture of Western Macedonia through questionnaires that were filled in during personal interviews with the producers. The results of the research showed that growing PGI (Protected Geographical Indication) products, attending training seminars, the educational level of the producers, the earned income, the communication and information by an agricultural engineer affect significantly the decision of the producers to apply Good Agricultural Practices.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Faselis F1 ve Karnaz F1 patlıcan çeşitlerinde kolhisin ve orizalinin in vitro rejenerasyon ortamında kullanılmasıyla tetraploid bitki elde etmektir. Araştırmada, yaprak eksplantları 10 µM BA ve 1 µM IAA içeren katı MS rejenerasyon ortamında 5 ve 7 gün bekletilmiştir. Ardından bu eksplantlara kolhisinin 2,5 ve 3,75 mM konsantrasyonları 8, 16 ve 32 saat süreyle; orizalinin ise 28,8 ve 43,2 µM konsantrasyonları 12, 24 ve 36 saat süreyle uygulanmış ve tekrar kolhisinsiz ve orizalinsiz rejenerasyon ortamına aktarılmıştır. Rejenerasyon ortamında oluşan kallus, tomurcuk veya kısa sürgünler 0,5 µM BA ile desteklenmiş MS ortamına alınarak bitkilerin oluşması sağlanmış ve ploidi seviyesi flow sitometri ile belirlenmiştir. Karnaz F1 çeşidinin eksplantlarına 3,75 mM kolhisin dozunun uygulaması sonucu, 2,5 mM’a göre daha yüksek tetraploid bitki oluşumu sağlanmıştır. Bu çeşitte uygulanan orizalin denemesinde ise en yüksek tetraploid bitki oluşumu, eksplantların 7 gün rejenerasyon ortamında bekletilmesinden sonra 43,2 µM orizalin konsantrasyonunun 24 saat uygulamasından elde edilmiştir. Karnaz F1 çeşidinde kolhisin ve orizalin uygulamasından elde edilen tetraploid bitkilerde çiçek tozu canlılığı %76,99 ve %81,19, çimlenme %19,14 ve %17,98 olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Faselis F1 çeşidinin rejenerasyon ortamında 7 gün bekletilen yaprak eksplantları 2,5 mM kolhisin konsantrasyonunda 8 ve 32 saat inkübe edildiğinde, diğer uygulamalara göre daha yüksek tetraploid bitki elde edilmiştir. Aynı çeşidin orizalin denemesinde, eksplantların 5 gün rejenerasyon ortamında bekletilmesi sonucu daha yüksek tetraploid bitki üretilmiştir. Faselis F1 çeşidinde kolhisin ve orizalin uygulamaları sonucu üretilen tetraploid bitkilerde çiçek tozu canlılığı %86,41 ve %95,68, çimlenme ise %26,54 ve %28,47 olarak belirlenmiştir.

Bu araştırma, bazı yonca çeşitlerinin çimlenme döneminde farklı tuz konsantrasyonlarına gösterdiği tepkilerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla 2019 yılı Mart ayında Sakarya Üniversitesi Gıda Mühendisliği Bölümü laboratuvarında yürütülmüştür. Bitki materyali olarak; Azurre, Delta, Emiliano, Emiliano (kaplamalı), La Bella Campagnola ve Neptune çeşitleri kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada altı farklı tuz konsantrasyonu seviyesi (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 mmol) uygulanmıştır. Deneme, tesadüf parselleri deneme deseninde 2 faktör ve 3 tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Araştırmada; çimlenme yüzdesi, sapçık uzunluğu, kökçük uzunluğu, tuza tolerans indeksi, yaş sapçık ağırlığı, yaş kökçük ağırlığı, kuru sapçık ağırlığı, kuru kökçük ağırlığı incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları, tuz konsantrasyonlarının incelenen tüm özellikler üzerinde istatistiksel olarak önemli derecede etki ettiğini göstermiştir. Tuz konsantrasyonu arttıkça tüm özelliklerde elde edilen değerlerin azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Çeşitler arasında incelenen özellikler açısından, Emiliano kaplamalı çeşidinin diğer çeşitlere göre daha toleranslı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Tuz konsantrasyonunun 50 mmol’dan daha fazlasının, incelenen özellikleri önemli ölçüde olumsuz etkilediği ve en düşük değerlerin 200 mmol dozunda ortaya çıktığı belirlenmiştir. Çeşit ×Tuz konsantrasyonu etkileşimleri incelendiğinde; tuz tolerans indeksi en yüksek değerler Emiliano kaplamalı × 50 mmol etkileşiminde tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışma ile tuzluluk problemi ile karşı karşıya kalınan topraklarda Yonca tarımında Emiliano çeşidinin diğer çeşitlere göre daha toleranslı olabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

In this article, the production and consumption values of poultry meat are discussed in order to evaluate the entrepreneurial opportunities in the poultry meat production sector. In addition, the annual import of meat and its economic value were also examined. For this purpose, INSAE, Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (MAEP) and FAO reports were reviewed. In addition, some data from similar articles published on this subject have been used. As a result of this review, it can be said that food products and consumption patterns are changing due to the per capita income growth and the expansion of food options. In Benin, food products and consumption patterns are changing due to the growth of income and the expansion of food choice options. Therefore, per capita meat consumption increased and reached 25.2 kg in 2013. However, according to the average of the world meat consumption in 2013 (43.22 kg / person / year) this amount is very low. In general, 21% of the meat produced in Benin consists of poultry meat. National poultry breeding does not meet the rising demand for meat. The part of local production in consumption decreased significantly from 2005 to 2013 (from 21% to 6%). 98% of the total meat imported to Benin is composed by poultry meat (chicken and turkey meat). From 2010 to 2016, the average of imported poultry meat value is $216,358 million and this situation causes loss of currency. Considering the available data, investment opportunities for poultry production in Benin should be evaluated. In addition, there are significant shortcomings in the field of food safety and the provision. The development of the needs in this sector includes entrepreneurship opportunities.

The aim of this study was to investigate preservation of the microbiological, chemical and sensory quality of chicken meatballs during storage time by using rosemary essential oil (REO) coated vacuum packaging materials at +4°C. The treatments of chicken meatballs examined in the present study were done by vacuum packaging and packaging materials were prepared by using REO coating 0.3% for group A, 0.5% group B and control group without any additive. The chicken meatballs were analyzed for microbiological (Psychrophilic total viable counts, Enterobacteriaceae, Lactic acid bacteria and Yeast/Mold), chemical (pH and thiobarbituric acid values) and sensory (appearance, taste and general acceptability) parameters. In the study, the microbiological quality of chicken meatballs in samples coated with vacuum packaging with REO had better shelf life compared to control group. The REO 0.3% treatment group samples resulted in a shelf life extension for 9 days compared to the control group samples with a shelf life of 5 days. Thiobarbituric acid values were found to be lower in REO coated groups compared to control. This study was shown that, vacuum packaging materials coated with REO are effective against microbial growth and lipid oxidation and improves sensory qualities of chicken meatballs.

In this study, it was aimed to determine the workable days in agriculture using meteorological parameters, and a databank was formed obtaining the inputs from all weather stations in Central Anatolia Region, which cover a 20-year period, from 1986 to 2006. Running a mathematical model in a computer software specifically designed for this purpose, the data of this databank were exploited to calculate the workable days on a land for soil treatment, crop care and harvest for any given region and to show these data with graphs on monthly or yearly basis. This software may help to use time more economically and reduce the system costs directly or indirectly. Moreover, the data collected are quite necessary to prepare some national or local charts and graphs related to the general distribution of various climate factors.

On-farm evaluation and demonstration of different field pea production packages (IFPP, LFPP and LFTP) was carried out for two cropping seasons across districts on seventeen sites in Northeastern Amhara region. The objectives of the experiment were to evaluate the performance of different field pea technologies and to demonstrate the package to the farmers and the extension personnel then to collect feedback from participants. The experiment was conducted by comparing improved variety with its full package along with the local variety under full package practice and farmers’ traditional practice. The agronomic, economic and farmers’ preference analysis clearly indicated that the improved technology is superior to the local variety under full package and farmers’ practice. The average mean grain yields of the improved practices (IFPP and LFPP) were 1901.7 and 1428.3 kgha-1in Dehana, while 1933.3 and 1520 kg ha-1 in Sekota district, respectively. Therefore, the improved field pea technology had a yield advantage of 33.2% and 91.8% respectively from the local cultivar under improved and farmers practice in Dehana. However, the improved technology had 27.2% and 94.6% yield advantage over the local with improved and farmers practice in Sekota, respectively. The marginal rate of return for improved technology in Dehana and Sekota districts was 857.2 and 1344.7%, respectively. Farmers perceived the higher yield potential of the improved technology as a result many of them showed great demand for improved field pea technology. So that pre-scaling up of the improved variety with its production package is recommended to similar agro ecologies.

This study was conducted with aim to investigate the effects of Isatis tinctoria leaves extract on growth performance, pigmentation and protection against Aeromonas hydrophila of Pseudotropheus acei. Five diets were prepared by adding four different ratios fish woad extraction (Woad: W1: 1%, W1.5: 1.5 %, W2: 2 %, W2.5: 2.5% and C: control diet 0 %). Three replicates were conducted for each treatment. One hundred twenty fish and 15 tanks (80 x 30 x 80 cm) were used in recirculating system. In the end of 90 days, there were no differences in terms of weight gain, FCR and SGR of Pseudotropheus acei feed with diets added with different levels of Isatis tinctoria extraction compare to control group. Isatis tinctoria extract was not found effect on survival rates in Pseudotropheus acei after A. hydrophila infection. However, there were no differences on pigmentation of Pseudotropheus acei. Isatis tinctoria extract administration did not provide protection against Aeromonas hydrophila infection.

The Syrian Sumac (Rhus coriaria) is a widely used spice in the Arab world of attractive economic importance in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Meat tenderness is one of the very most important factors for customers’ acceptability. The global objective of this study was to add an additional value to Sumac by evaluating its meat tenderizing effect. Crude sumac fruits were used to create three different extracts (aqueous, ethanolic and purified enzymatic extract). Pectoralis superficialis cuts were treated with the extracts and studied for their shear stress, pH, protein and fat contents and collagen. The hypothesis that Sumac could have a meat tenderizing effect was supported by our results showing a significant decrease in shear stress and protein content with increase in collagen solubility. Moreover, an effect on decreasing meat fat was detected, where the aqueous sumac extract decreased significantly the fat percentage in meat. The active enzymes in Sumac were shown to be variate in nature, lipase and protease, with a significant effect on collagen, thus proving Sumac’s possibility to be potentially used as a meat tenderizer.

Boron is an important micronutrient for growth and development of crop plants. Plant species differ in their requirement of boron for growth. This study was conducted to determine the effect of boron application on the plant characteristics of maize during early leaf stages. The experiments were conducted in Tel – Kaliş agricultural research area at the Mustafa Kemal University in 2015 and 2016 growing seasons. The field experiments were arranged in a split plot design with three replications. Four boron dosages (control, 4, 6 and 8 mg/m2) were applied at three growing stages (V2, V4 and V2V4 (at V2 and V4 stages in two equal parts) as foliar spray. The results revealed that the effects of foliar application of B were positive but statistically insignificant on plant characteristics. Further researches should be conducted for suitable boron application time at different growth stages of maize.