Boron is an important micronutrient for growth and development of crop plants. Plant species differ in their requirement of boron for growth. This study was conducted to determine the effect of boron application on the plant characteristics of maize during early leaf stages. The experiments were conducted in Tel – Kaliş agricultural research area at the Mustafa Kemal University in 2015 and 2016 growing seasons. The field experiments were arranged in a split plot design with three replications. Four boron dosages (control, 4, 6 and 8 mg/m2) were applied at three growing stages (V2, V4 and V2V4 (at V2 and V4 stages in two equal parts) as foliar spray. The results revealed that the effects of foliar application of B were positive but statistically insignificant on plant characteristics. Further researches should be conducted for suitable boron application time at different growth stages of maize.

İnsanoğlu yaşamını devam ettirmek için hava ve suya ihtiyaç duyduğu oranda gıdaya da ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Bu ihtiyacını doğal tarım yöntemi ile karşılayan toplumlar zamanla dünya nüfusunun artması ve buna paralel olarak gıda ihtiyacının da arttığı gerekçesiyle yüksek verim sağlayan konvansiyonel tarım yöntemine geçmiştir. Çeşitli riskler (kimyasal ilaçlar, kimyasal gübreler vb.) taşıyan bu yöntem bilim insanları arasında farklı görüşlerin ortaya çıkmasına sebep olmuştur. Bu nedenle konvansiyonel tarıma alternatif bir yöntem olarak organik tarım ortaya çıkmıştır. Günümüzde tüketicilerin de bilinçlenmeye başlaması ile birlikte tüketiciler gıdaları sağlık açısından sorgulamaya başlamışlardır. Bu anlamda gıdanın besin kalitesi ve duyusal kalitesi önem kazanmıştır. Bitkisel (meyve/sebze, tahıllar vb.) ve hayvansal (et, süt vb.) kaynaklı bütün gıdaların kalitesi tarım yönteminden etkilenmektedir. Bu çalışmada iki farklı tarım yönteminin gıdalar üzerinde oluşturduğu riskler ile gıdaların besinsel ve duyusal kalitesi üzerine etkileri hakkında bilgi verilecektir.

Due to rapidly increasing population and urbanization, agricultural lands are shrinking. However, environmental problems and pollution are constantly increasing. This poses a threat to agricultural production and food access. In order to overcome these threats, the use of fully controlled indoor production systems called plant factory is becoming widespread. The management of plant nutrition and monitor of environmental conditions is very important for production in the plant factory. Plant production is sensitive to environmental conditions. For this reason, it is necessary to make accurate measurements in order to ensure the correct climatic conditions. The high cost of control systems designed for this purpose is a problem for producers. In this study, a mini plant factory prototype and control system are presented which is developed by using open source hardware and software. In addition, the temperature, relative humidity and light measured by the low-cost sensors were compared with the reference devices and the system performance and stability were investigated.

The aim of this study was to determine the macroscopic and microscopic spermatological parameters of the Karayaka rams grown in public hands. Out off-season sperm couldn’t be taken from the rams. During the season, semen was collected from all 2-4 age of Karayaka rams (n = 10). Weight (kg) and circumference of the scrotum (cm) were also recorded. When the collected spermatozoa were examined, it was found that the weight variable correlated only with the pH variable. The correlation coefficient calculated between weight and pH was -0,802 and it was found to be statistically significant. The correlation coefficient, which calculated as 0.680, between the circumference of the scrotum (cm) and mortality (% Dead-Live) shows that one feature increases while the other increases significantly. Viscosity (1-5) was correlated only with mass activity (Mass Activity 0-4), and the degree of this relationship was calculated as -0.655. Variables were not associated with sperm volume (ml), motility (%) and density (109).

Çalışma, bazı nohut çeşitlerine (Aydın 92, Azkan ve Gökçe) organik (gül posası, ahır gübresi ve bakteri aşılama) ve kimyasal gübre uygulamalarının verim ve verim öğeleri üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla Dinar/Afyonkarahisar' da 2011 yılında yürütülmüştür. Deneme tesadüf bloklarında bölünmüş parseller deneme düzenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Araştırmada bitki boyu, ilk bakla yüksekliği, bitkide dal, bakla ve tane sayısı, bitki tane ağırlığı, biomas verimi, tane verimi, hasat indeksi, 100 tane ağırlığı ve protein oranı özellikleri incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, bitki boyu 38,87-44,23 cm, ilk meyvenin yüksekliği 17,37-21,43 cm, bitki dal sayısı 2,70-3,53 adet, bitkide bakla sayısı 30,37-50,37 adet, bitkide tane sayısı 29,43-48,47 adet, bitki tane verimi 10,50-18,30 g, bitki ağırlığı 20,87-42,50 g, yüz tane ağırlığı 34,67-40,43 g, tane verimi 128,1-188,6 kg/da, hasat indeksi %32,10-53,08 ve protein oranı %22,67-25,67 arasında değişim göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak organik (gül posası, ahır gübresi ve bakteri aşılama) ve kimyasal gübre uygulamalarının nohut çeşitleri üzerindeki etkisi verim özellikleri yönünden önemli olmuştur. Tüm çeşitler içerisinde Gökçe çeşidi ve uygulamalar içerisinde ahır gübresi, kimyasal gübreleme ve gül posası ön plana çıkmaktadır.

In addition to having the most cultivation area and production in the world, cereals are irreplaceable in agriculture and in our life with being a basic food material. Wheat, which ranks first in terms of sowing area, is also an origin of our country and has been a basic food raw material since the beginning of history. Besides, wheat contains starch, protein, phytochemical and antioxidant substances which have an important role in human nutrition. As agricultural fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides have negative effects on the environment and human health, the interest in organic agriculture is increasing. The suspicion that pesticide, synthetic fertilizer and growth regulator residues can lead to cancer and other health problems in humans has led the researchers to focus their attention to improve of production methods that will prevent these disadvantages. Research has shown that the most reliable method of production is called Organic or Ecological or Biological Agriculture method. For these reasons, organic agriculture practices in the world have increased in the last 15 years. New breeding varieties selected in high-yielding traditional farming conditions do not sufficiently adapt to organic farming conditions. Readily available existing varieties due to yet correspond to new breeding for organic farming conditions not only yield when used in organic farming but also that they contain proteins and other useful in amounts of vitamins components also occurs a decrease. Cultivation of local varieties is becoming more attractive instead of already cultivated in marginal areas and stable yield values. For this purpose, local varieties produced in restricted regions of our country are the most suitable candidates for both breeding and organic production since they are well adapted to the regions where they are located.

In this study, Common Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) and Anatolian Sage (Salvia fruticosa Mill.) seeds, which are important medicinal plants, were used as plant material. The seeds of the Salvia genus have dormancy as they have seed husks containing a mucilaginous layer. For this reason, in order to improve the germination and emergence performance of seeds and to increase the quality of seeds, nine pre-sowing treatments (KNO3 application, GA3 application, polymer coating, polymer coating + KNO3, polymer coating + GA3, priming, priming + polymer coating, priming + polymer coating + KNO3, priming + polymer coating + GA3) were applied to the seeds and the effect of applications on germination rate, emergency rate, germination speed and emergency speed were investigated.

Ökaryot organizmalardaki simbiyotik bakteriler konukçu organizmalarda çok değişik etkiler gösterebilmektedirler. Moleküler biyoloji ve fonksiyonel genom bilim çalışmalarındaki hızlı ilerlemeler özellikle tarımsal ürünlerde zararlı olan böceklerin endosimbiyontlar ile kurdukları ilişkinin tam olarak aydınlatılmasında büyük önem arz etmektedir. Tarımsal ürünlerdeki önemli zararlılardan birisi de Pirinç biti Sitophilus oryzae (L.)’dir. Çalışma kapsamında Adana, Diyarbakır, Konya, Manisa ve İzmir illerinden S. oryzae popülasyonlarında endosimbiont mikroorganizmalardan Wolbachia, Rickettsia ve Spiroplasma varlıkları incelenmiştir. Rickettsia altı popülasyonun beşinde saptanmış ve enfeksiyon yüzdesinin %55,5 olduğu (popülasyonları temsil eden 36 bireyin 20’sinde) belirlenmiştir. Wolbachia altı popülasyonun dördünde saptanmış ve enfeksiyon yüzdesinin %22,2 olduğu (popülasyonları temsil eden 36 bireyin 8’inde) belirlenmiştir. Spiroplasma ise altı popülasyodan üçünde saptanmış olup enfeksiyon yüzdesi %8,3 olarak (popülasyonları temsil eden 36 bireyin 3’ünde) belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın önemi, Spiroplazma’nın, ilk kez S. oryzae’da tespit edilmiş olmasıdır.

Microalgae can be regarded as an alternative and promising ingredient for food fortification or enrichment. Due to their nutritional composition, especially protein-high composition, they considered as a sustainable protein source for food. The aim of this work was to evaluate the Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina) dry biomass which is knowns as the greater protein and amino acid source in blue-green microalga, as innovative ingredient for newly formulated and produced biscuits and chocolates, for baby and children diets. All samples with Spirulina biomass showed significantly higher protein and amino acid content.

Food and nutrition insecurity are inability to access adequate amount of nutritious foods to meet dietary needs for a productive and healthy life. However, food and nutrition insecurity, in some part of Ethiopia, is very high though food is not scarce. Therefore, a survey was conducted to investigate food consumption and dietary habits of the population in the district. A questionnaire and focus group discussions were used for data collection. Data were collected on available food sources and habits of consumption in purposively selected four kebeles in the district. Data were specifically collected on utilization and eating habit of cereal grains, legumes, fruit, vegetables, and animal food sources. A total of 150 representative sample households were interviewed based on the population size of the study area. The result obtained from the survey indicated that cereal grains (34.9%), legumes & pulses (28.5%), fruit & vegetables (16.8%), meat and poultry (19.8%) products are commonly produced in many parts of the study area. The study indicated that the population entirely consumes cereal grains that are mainly sources of carbohydrate, with minimal consumption of other food types. Though there are surplus food items in the study area, there is poor utilization and undiversified consumption habit. This indicates that the area is vulnerable for food and nutrition insecurity. Therefore, knowledge on proper utilization of local existing food sources for enhancing food and nutrition security is essential. Awareness creation on benefits and preparation of balanced diet at household level from local food sources is a vital to improve food and nutrition security in the study area.