Germination is the first stage of a plant’s life. The seeds of grain legumes are used both as food and as seedlings. The vitality of the seeds is crucial for both uses. This study was conducted to determine the effect of storing seeds of the Lara variety of Faba bean (Vicia faba L.), harvested in 2023, in different periods (4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 months) and different storage medium (paper bag, plastic bag, glass jar and plastic bottle) on their biological value. The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design with three replications. Germination was done in 2 different materials (sand and paper) in room conditions. Germination speed, germination power, length of plumula and radicle, dry matter of them, seedling vigour index, allometric coefficient, germination energy were observed. On the 4th day, which is considered in determining the germination rate for faba beans, no germination value was determined in any process. Germination power values varied between 72.7% and 97.3%. The highest germination value was obtained from seeds stored for 8 and 10 months. The highest value was recorded in plumula and root length values in 12 and 8-month-old stored seeds, respectively. It was determined that storage medium did not have a single effect on the observed measurements for these experiments. However, statistical differences between storage period and storage material interactions were found to be significant. The statistical differences between storage period and storage material interactions were found to be significant. As a result, it was concluded that the germination rate of the faba bean was early on the 4th day, the counting day, and this value should be studied. It has been concluded that the loss of germination power is very low in about 1 year of storage of faba bean, which have strong germination ability.

Vernalizasyon bazı bitkilerin erken gelişme dönemlerindeki düşük sıcaklık ihtiyacıdır. Bu bitkilerin vejetatif dönemden generatif döneme geçiş yapabilmesi için belli bir süre düşük sıcaklıkta kalmaları gerekir. Bu çalışma bazı arpa çeşitlerinin vernalizasyon uygulamalarına tepkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Dört kışlık, iki alternatif ve iki yazlık arpa çeşidinin kullanıldığı bu araştırma tesadüf parsellerinde faktöriyel deneme desenine göre üç tekerrürlü yürütülmüştür. Arpa çeşitlerinin çimlenmiş tohumları torf içeren küçük kaplarda 0, 4, 5 ve 6 hafta süreyle 2°C’de vernalizasyon uygulaması için bekletilmiştir. Gelişen fideler saksıya aktarılmış ve serada 22 saat ışık/2 saat karanlıkta 22°C sabit sıcaklıkta yetiştirilmiştir. Bitkilerde sapa kalkma süresi, başaklanma süresi, olgunlaşma süresi, fertil kardeş sayısı, başakta tane sayısı ve bin tane ağırlığı belirlenmiştir. Vernalizasyon uygulamalarının incelenen bütün karakterlere etkisi çeşitlere göre önemli derecede değişmiştir. Araştırmada kullanılan kışlık çeşitler Sladoran, Alba, Dicktoo ve Aydanhanım vernalizasyon ihtiyacı karşılanmadan başaklanamamışlardır. Bu çeşitlerde başaklanma süresi göz önüne alındığında dört haftalık vernalizasyon uygulamasının yeterli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Dört haftalık vernalizasyon, alternatif çeşitler Tokak 157/37’de 9 gün, Kearney’de ise 40 gün daha erken başaklanma sağlamıştır. Yazlık çeşitlerde vernalizasyon uygulaması belirgin bir değişikliğe neden olmamıştır. Vernalizasyon uygulaması süresince geçen süre de göz önüne alındığında bütün kışlık çeşitler için dört haftalık vernalizasyon süresi en uygun süre olarak görülmektedir. Alternatif çeşitler için vernalizasyon uygulaması ise genotipe bağlı değişken olduğundan dolayı, bu çeşitlerin ıslah programlarında kullanımı durumunda mutlaka vernalizasyon sürelerinin belirlenmesi gerekmektedir.

The objective of this study was to ascertain the impact of ultrasound application on the probiotic characteristics and antioxidant activity of yeasts. In this context, the pH changes, probiotic properties and antioxidant activities of K. marxianus (Km), S. boulardii (Sb) and S. cerevisiae (Sc) were determined by ultrasound application at different durations (5, 15, 30 and 60 minutes at 24 kHz). The lowest pH values were determined for cultures of Km (ultrasound non-applied K. marxianus), Sb-30 (30 min. ultrasound applied S. boulardii) and Sc-5 (5 min. ultrasound applied S. cerevisiae) as 4.48, 5.15 and 5.26, respectively. The hydrophobicity values of the yeast strains varied between 6% and 24%, increased with ultrasound application. Although S. boulardii had the highest tolerance to low pH and bile salts, the resistance of all yeast to low pH and bile salts decreased with ultrasound application. K. marxianus had the least survival under in vitro conditions, but ultrasound application increased survival of K. marxianus strains and slightly affected the survival rate of S. boulardii and S. cerevisiae. Increasing of duration time of ultrasound application resulted higher antioxidant activity and so the highest antioxidant activity was determined for Sb-60. Finally, ultrasound application could be used for the development of hydrophobicity and antioxidant properties of yeast cultures.

The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of alternatives of dormex on apricot budbreak and their effect on apricot fruit quality. Our study was carried out on five-years old “Canino” apricot at Badr district, El Behira Governorate, Egypt, during the two seasons 2022 and 2023, respectively. Twenty-four uniform apricot trees were selected and sprayed to the runoff once on 20 and 25 January during 2022 and 2023, respectively, by following treatments: control, mineral oil at 2%, low pyrite urea at 2%, ammonium nitrate at 1.5%, potassium nitrate at 2%, mineral oil combined with low pyrite urea at the same concentration of 2%, mineral oil at 2 % combined with ammonium nitrate at 1.5 %, mineral oil combined with potassium nitrate at the same concentration of 2%. For each of the treatments that were used, 0.05% (v/v) of the non-ionic surfactant tween 80 was applied. In both seasons, the use alternatives dormex chemicals resulted in better budbreak than control trees especially the formulation of mineral oil at (2%) plus potassium nitrate (2%).

Haor regions are inhabited by one of the most economically disadvantaged communities, which rely on agriculture and endure numerous challenges due to its vulnerability. This article analyzes the data obtained from Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), which were subsequently connected to prior publications to identify the nature of the agricultural land-related problems in the Netrokona Haor basin. Multiple concerns and their nature have been uncovered through the examination. Among those, difficulties in irrigation systems pose the greatest challenge for regional producers. Additional challenges encompass land fragmentation, pollution, erosion, fishing-related concerns, drainage infrastructure, and flood. This study discusses probable solutions with the directive to new research that claims collaborative venture through government and private agencies. Carefully designed research-based policy framework prioritizing strict implementation of existing laws is crucial to effectively mitigate the problem.

Insects, the most diverse group of animals, are known to benefit society for a sustainable future. By focusing on the use of natural enemies of pests, including parasitoids and predators, the need for biological pest control for the conservation of agricultural crops has been emphasized. Parasites are organisms that live in the body of another organism and feed on it without killing it, while predators hunt, kill and eat their prey. Parasitoids, on the other hand, live in or on another organism and feed on it, ultimately killing the host. Our study highlights the use of parasitoids to control pests in agriculture and describes the parasitoid lifestyle as an evolutionary transition between parasitism and predation. It also notes that parasitoid larvae typically require only one host to complete their development and can be used to control a wide range of pests. The aim of this study was to determine the origin of the parasitic life form of order Hymenpotera, the mechanisms revealed by the parasitic life form, the importance of life strategies, the types of parasitism and to evaluate the important insect groups belonging to the order Hymenoptera used in biological control.

The objective of this study was to identify the plants with varying chromosome numbers in the F2 generation, resulting from interspecific hybrids between hexaploid Triticum compactum and tetraploid Triticum turanicum, and to examine the morphological, physiological and agronomic characteristics of these plants. Therefore, the objective was to assess the potential for developing monosomic lines (particularly pentaploid) for the D-genome of wheat, with a view to their utilization in future breeding programs of wheat, and to ascertain the correlation between the estimated chromosome numbers and the superior phenotypic characteristics of the plants in question. The germination percentage was determined by germinating 230 seeds, which will form the F2 generation of Triticum compactum × Triticum turanicum interspecific hybrid, in Petri dishes together with the parents. Thereafter, the plants were transferred to 2 m long rows, 30 cm between rows and 10 cm above rows. The F2 plants were subjected to evaluation in order to ascertain their morphological, physiological and agronomic characteristics. Furthermore, the nuclear DNA contents of the F2 plants were determined by flow cytometry, and chromosome numbers were estimated based on the DNA contents of the parents. Finally, the correlations between the estimated chromosome numbers and the measured plant traits were determined. The nuclear DNA contents of F2 plants exhibited variability, with values ranging between 7870.39 and 11632.1 pg. Additionally, three plants with 35 chromosomes were identified. The F2 plants showed superior physiological traits compared to the parents, however, they displayed lower values for spike traits that affect yield. The superior traits had by F2 plants can be observed in subsequent generations, thus providing a valuable genetic resource for breeding programs and certain genomic studies.

Growing world population, scientists aim to achieve high-yielding products by using new techniques and methods in the fields of food, agriculture, and livestock. The aim of this study is to identify the DGAT/K232A gene polymorphism for Enhancing Performance Characteristics in Simmental cattle and to use it in breeding programs. DGAT/K232A gene polymorphism was analyzed by RFLP method in 70 Simmental cattle using CfrI restriction enzyme. The frequency of the K allele was found 0.77, while A allele was 0.23. The distribution of DGAT1-K232A genotype frequencies in the breed was not balanced (p<0.05). No significant relationship was found between DGAT1/K232Agene polymorphisms and milk yield due to the small number of samples.

In recent times, several publications on processing of brown coconut sugar have been carried out, which present an excellent option for health-conscious consumers in the global market. The goal was to discuss and present recent developments in the industry, highlight the numerous health benefits and forecast into the future prospects of the industry. From the discussion, coconut sugar contains all the essential amino acids, various vitamins, minerals, phenolic and antioxidant compounds. These antioxidants are very important in the prevention of heart disease, cancer and inflammatory diseases, whilst the polyphenols inhibited the formation of cancer cells by reducing DNA hypermethylation. Vitamins also play an important role in metabolic reactions by acting as transcription effectors and electron donors. Coconut sugar is also known to prevent kidney stone formation and renal diseases by flushing out formed stones and plays an important role in the revitalization and proper functioning of the kidney due to its high potassium content. With a global trade volume of USD 1.33 billion and a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8%, the industry has great prospects. However, restraints such as high labor intensity, environment-friendly demand, and lack of mechanization require immediate attention to salvage the industry.

The aims of this study were i) to evaluate the seasonal changes in births of Anatolian buffaloes, ii) to examine the changes of some milk [lactation milk yield (LMY) and lactation length (LL)] and fertility [first calving age (FCA) and calving interval (CI)] according to seasons and iii) to investigate the effects of seasons on the growth traits of calves [birth weight (BW0), live weight at 6 mo (LW6) and live weight at 12 mo (LW12)]. A total of 8614 to 15605 yield records were evaluated including milk yield and fertility traits of buffalo cows and growth traits of calves between 2012 and 2023. The mean temperature, relative humidity, the duration of sunshine, and temperature humidity index (THI) values were calculated for these years. While the highest birth rate was observed in the summer season (34.27%), the lowest birth rate was determined in the winter season (11.99%). The BW0, LW6 and LW12, LMY, LL, FCA, and CI values of the calves were determined as 30.8±0.04 kg, 107.6±0.23 kg, 172.6±0.27 kg, 994.7±2.05 kg, 262.6±0.22 d 1175.5±3.46 d and 561.7±1.84 d, respectively. Except for CI, all characteristics were significantly affected by seasonal changes (P<0.001). The growth traits of the calves born in autumn were higher than the other seasons. The LMY values in spring and winter were higher than those determined in the different seasons. Also, the highest FCA was obtained in heifers born in the winter. It was concluded that the season could affect both some fertility and milk yield characteristics of buffalo cows and the growth performance of calves.