Tends on human nutrition change every day but legumes act significant role for nutrition over the World. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a member of Leguminosae family and originated from Asia. Chickpea is rich with protein, carbohydrate, lipid and minerals. It is also sufficient for Daily requirement by view of the essential amino acids – lysine, leucine and arginine. Chickpea is also source of soluble and insoluble fibers. The nutritional fibers have favorable effects on decreasing the time of food passing through intestine, accelerating of weight loss, decreasing of total and LDL cholesterol and balancing of blood sugar level. Sustainability of agriculture is essential for sustainability of life. From this perspective, chickpea is quite important due to various agronomic advantages that may be summarized by main ones are; able to grow as winter crop, lower water requirement, wide adaptation ability to climate and soil, a good alternative for crop rotation systems in addition to health care features. Present research is realized to evaluation of second crop growing facilities in Uşak/Turkey ecology by using 4 chickpea genotypes (Azkan, Hisar, Sarı-98, Yaşa-05) by 4 sowing time (18th June, 02nd July, 16th July, 30th July) by 3 replications. The following measurements were realized; days to emergence, days to flowering, days to harvest, height of plant, number of pod per plant, number of seed per pod, height of first pod, seed yield and weight of hundred seeds. According to the results Yaşa-05 chickpea genotype was determined as the most adaptable in addition to the Azkan chickpea genotype was also obtained as promising to growing as second crop. Deep and long term studies are needed to achievement of more consistent results and providing to sustainability of food security, improvement of soil, better usage of natural sources and contribute to national economy.

An efficient seed marketing system is very crucial for boosting vegetable production in Bangladesh. This study evaluated the vegetable seed marketing channels in Bangladesh including profit margins of various traders and different problems faced by them. Primary data from 45 vegetable farmers and 30 seed traders in Rajshahi district were collected by face-to-face interview. Descriptive and profitability analysis were employed, while problem confrontation index (PCI) was used to rank the problems. The findings revealed that vegetable seeds were traded through six major marketing channels. Private agents supply the majority of seeds where dealers, wholesalers, retailers and farmers were the key actors in the channels. However, rural market traders had the highest marketing margin and terminal market traders had the lowest. BCR for terminal market traders was 1.53 that is highest among the traders’ categories where BCR for rural market traders was lowest (1.36). Lack of bank loan facilities, inadequate capital, lack of separate market place, and lack of technical know-how were the major ranked problems faced by traders. The study recommends providing credit facilities to the traders, arranging a separated market place and proper training to increase technical knowledge.

In recent years, intensive legal regulations aimed at the production of urban areas in Türkiye, the phenomenon of migration, the spread of higher education, abnormal cost increases in agricultural activities have accelerated urbanization. Parallel to the increase in the urban population, the food supply remains insufficient. The inability to increase the production of food products brings with it problems such as malnutrition, inflation, foreign trade deficit, food security. The natural areas harbored by rural and urban areas are shrinking and being destroyed by the pressure of rapid urbanization. In addition to the abandonment of rural areas, the food crisis that has arisen as a result of the intervention of the urbanization process in agricultural areas has increased the responsibility of the central government and municipalities. In order to meet the food needs of the population and implement sustainable agricultural policies, municipalities are taking different and innovative approaches. Municipalities are making direct and indirect attempts to provide people with cheap and reliable food. In this study, the activities carried out by the municipalities in Türkiye to support sustainable agriculture and their economic and social effects were examined.

Fermented sausages are stable meat items typically prepared from comminuted mixtures of meat, spices, and salts and permitted to ripe under controlled conditions, where bacteria produce lactic acid quickly and reliably from added sugars in the form of dextrose. This study assessed the possibility of using fresh ripe plantain (FRP) in semi-dry fermented beef sausages. FRP was used at 0% (T0), 5% (T1) and 10% (T2). A fourth treatment with 0.5% dextrose without any FRP (T3) was produced. The products were evaluated for proximate compositions, pH, cooking loss as well as sensory attributes. No significant differences existed between T0, T1, T2 and T3 in terms of appearance, flavor, aftertaste and texture, however significant differences were recorded in tenderness, juiciness and acceptability. Cooking loss and water holding capacity ranged between 31.83 (T0) to 36.53 (T3) and 4.40 (T3) to 14.74 (T2) respectively. The pH recorded after 36 hours of fermentation ranged from 4.20 (T3) to 5.36 (T0). Using FRP resulted in appreciable decreases in costs of producing semi-dry fermented beef sausages from 20.50 to 16.46 Ghana Cedis per kg. It was concluded that fermented beef sausages could be made with 5% fresh ripe plantain without any adverse effects on consumer acceptability.

This study aimed to investigate the presence of Salmonella spp. in chicken doner samples, both ready for consumption and sold in packages in a modified atmosphere, using classical culture technique and the MALDI-TOF method by determining the antibiotic resistance profile structure through the disc diffusion method by determining the serotypes of the isolates through mPCR. Between September and November 2019, 150 ready-to-eat chicken doner samples (75 of them ready to consume, the other 75 packed in a modified atmosphere) were analyzed. It was found that 23 of the 150 (15.3%) samples analyzed were contaminated with Salmonella spp. 73 isolates were obtained from 23 positive samples. Of these 73 isolates, 33 were found to be Salmonella spp. positive. In serotyping, all 33 isolates were determined to be S. infantis. In the antibiotic resistance profile, 30 of theisolates were resistant to chloramphenicol, 24 to gentamicin, 21 to ampicillin, 20 to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin, 18 to tetracycline and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and 13 to cefoxitin. As a result, the isolation of Salmonella spp. from the samples and their resistance to different antibiotics were evaluated as potential sources of problems in the context of foodborne infectious diseases.

The aim of this study is to determine the effects of adding different levels of red pepper oil to quail diets on performance, slaughtering characteristics, and some serum parameters. For this purpose, a total of 300-day-old and mixed-sex quail chicks were randomly assigned to 5 treatment groups with 6 replications of 12 chicks each. Experimental animals were fed for 35 days with 5 different diets prepared by adding 0, 300, 600, 900 or 1200 mg/kg red pepper oil. During the experiment, quails were given ad-libitum feed and water. According to the results of the experiment, the effect of adding red pepper oil to the diet on the performance, carcass traits and visceral weights of the quails was statistically insignificant. Triglyceride and TAS concentrations of serum were significantly affected by the addition of red pepper oil to the diet. The highest triglyceride and TAS levels in the group with 300 mg/kg red pepper oil added; however, the lowest triglyceride and TAS levels were obtained in the groups supplemented with 600 mg/kg and 1200 mg/kg red pepper oil, respectively. According to this study findings, it can be said that the addition of red pepper oil to the diet in growing quails has a positive effect on serum triglyceride and TAS values when used between 300 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg in the diet, without adverse effects on performance and carcass characteristics.

Although concepts such as global climate crisis and global warming, which are frequently used with the industrial revolution, did not make people very nervous before, countries and scientists have begun to think more about this issue today. Recently, with this climate crisis, another crisis deepened by Covid-19, wars and economic problems has been brought to the agenda: The Global Food Crisis. The possibility that people's economic and ecological conditions cannot reach enough and always the same amount of food is becoming increasingly unsettling. With these conditions, it is foreseen that people will include edible herbs in their natural habitats in their menus, as they did in the countryside from time immemorial. There are different studies on natural edible herbs in different disciplines, but there are very few studies evaluating these herbs from a gastronomic point of view. Studies such as the dissemination of traditional knowledge about natural edible herbs and the preparation of recipes for foods and beverages made with these plants are studies that can also find response in fields such as economy, sociology, tourism, health and agriculture. Carrying out all these studies in combination can also contribute to healty and gastronomy-themed tourism. For this reason, in our study, studies on natural edible herbs in Türkiye  were compiled and evaluated in a way to cover ancient times and today and different disciplines. As a result of the evaluation, natural edible plants that came to the fore in previous studies and our study were determined and information about the food parts of these plants, their usage areas and usage patterns were given.

For commercial aquaculture, the obtainment of all-female salmonid populations is important in fish farms. After freezing process, variable spermatozoa maturity, higher sperm concentration, low sperm quality, and reduced fertilization success have been observed in sex-reversed female rainbow trout. For these reasons, the objective of this study was to assess effect of dilution rate and supplementation of a N-(2-Mercaptopropionyl)-Glycine (MPG)-based extender on sperm motility and fertilizing capacity of sex-reversed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The supplementation of MPG [0 (control, 0), 1 mM; 2 mM; 4 mM] to extenders and dilution ratio (1:9, 1:15 and 1:25) were tested in sex-reversed female rainbow trout spermatozoa during cryopreservation. For thawing, the straws (0.5 ml) were placed in a water bath at 37°C for 30 s. Our results showed that the best concentration of MPG was 2 mM for post-thaw motility duration (120.67±9.07%), fertilization (62.67±3.10%) and hatching rate (54.33±3.10%) at 1:15 dilution rate. Overall, MPG provided improvements during cryopreservation process and could be used as protective agent.

The purpose of this study was to determine the dietary effects of fruit pulps (dried tomato, apple and grape) on the performance and egg quality characteristics of laying hens. In this trial, 196 Lohmann sandy layers 25 weeks of age were distributed into four groups with seven replicates for 9 weeks. Trial groups fed following diets, control group basal diet (no additive), 4 % dried tomato pulp, 4% apple pulp and 2.5% grape pulp. Feed conversion rate was not affected by any addition of fruit pulps throughout the trial. The dietary inclusion of dried tomato pulp increased feed consumption, egg weight and egg production and decreased egg yolk malondialdehyde (MDA) levels on day of 1 compared to the control. Egg yolk MDA level was decreased with the addition of 4% tomato and apple pulp to the diet, but increased with the addition of 2.5% grape pulp to the diet on the day of 28. Moreover, the addition of dried tomato pulp to the basal diet significantly increased egg weight and egg yolk yellow color (a). As a result, this study provides evidence that adding up to 4% tomato pulp to diets may be used without adverse effects on laying hens’ productivity and may improve egg quality characteristics by decreasing MDA levels in the yolk.

Research is achieved for the sake of contribution towards science and getting information systematically, starting from the collection of data, passing through interpretation and final evaluation of these data and all that, in an organized manner which is called scientific research. Biotechnology includes the application both of older biological knowledge, which is based on structures, functioning, and development of animals and plants in their ecological setting, and of newer approaches, which are based on an understanding of genetics and on the cellular and subcellular processes. The development of biotechnology has given society an awesome new power and an equally awesome responsibility to use it wisely. Biotechnology is being applied in different areas of science such as agriculture, health, the environment, and many other aspects of science and industry. Most of these applications and developments are centered in the developed countries and the research is established by these notions. Currently, it has been obvious that biotechnology is crucial for notion’s economic growth and sustainable development. Yemen, as one of the most developing countries, is suffering to emerge molecular biotechnology research in universities and research units. This is because of many aspects that affect the soceity, goverment, and ultimatly the entire country, including society, human resources, facilities, infrastructure and environment resources, and stability. To conclude, the researchers in Yemen are surrounding by many challenges, which are starting in society and ending up in the laboratory. The research has very low priority on a long list of priorities such as food, stability, security, and healthcare. All the challenges can be solved, but it will need a more educated society and serious government policy toward research as a tool to build a strong society.