There are many natural growth area in Turkey and utilizability is increasingly in different areas. Berry fruits involve several species such as grape (Vitis spp.), currant (Ribes spp.), rosehip (Rosa spp.), strawberry (Fragaria spp.), raspberry (Rubus spp.), pomegranate (Punica spp.), blackberry (Rubus spp.), bilberry (Vaccinium spp.), mulberry (Morus spp.) and cornelian cherry (Cornus spp.). Berries are soft fruits that turn from red to blue or black. They contain a good source of vitamins and minerals, and they have various phytochemical compositions that relevant to consumer health. Different varieties of berries contain quite variable concentrations of ascorbic acid, folic acid, anthocyanin, flavonol, ellagitannins and many diversity of hydroxybenzoic acid. Berries have antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal and anticarcinogenic properties due to rich content of phytochemical. In this study, Antifungal effect of ethanol extracts obtained from strawberry, raspberry, pomegranate, blackberry, bilberry, mulberry and cornelian cherry against 7 different subspecies of Penicillium, 6 different subspecies of Aspergillus and Mucor racemosus, Botrytis cinerea, Geotrichum candidum, Cladosporium claudosporioides, Rhizopus nigricans species were determined by using disk diffusion method. As a result of the research; It was determined that 9 different samples had antifungal effect on 18 different mold species at various rate. The highest antifungal effect was observed with 24.65 milimeter zone diameter against Mucor racemosus in pomegranate peel extract. This value was followed by blackberry extract against Penicillium glaucum and Penicillium chrysogenum with 20.54 and 20.03 milimeter zone diameter, respectively. It was concluded that the lowest antifungal effect on mold species apart from Aspergillus flavus in blue bilberry extract.

To meet the nutritional requirements required for human and animal nutrition due to climatic changes, research on determination of rich in nutrients and quality, products with high resistance to adverse environmental conditions and their possibilities for growing and reproduction are carried out. This research was carried out between 2018-2019. As a material, seeds belonging to the amaranth (Amarantus mantegazzianus), chia (Salvia hispanica L.), quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) and teff (Eragrostis tef [Zucc] Trotter) plants were studied. Some characteristics of these seeds were determined such as shape, size, mean arithmetic and geometric diameter, sphericity and thousand grain weight. According to the data obtained; the highest average length (1.140 mm), width (1.080 mm) and surface area (0.930 mm2) of the seeds of the quinoa seeds compared to other seeds; the tambourine seeds had the lowest average length (0.540 mm), width (0.300 mm) and surface area (0.130 mm2) values. In terms of thousand grain weights, the seeds of the quinoa plant are the heaviest seeds with 3.3600 g; the lightest seeds were determined to belong to the tambourine seeds with 0.0028 g.

Fermented milk is known as a major functional food that has proven health benefits, such as probiotic effects. The fermented milk, laban, is the foremost dairy product in Yemen. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional and health-promoting properties and antioxidant activity of laban. Nutritional and health-promoting properties were estimated. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by measuring total polyphenol levels, 1.1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity, reducing power, and total antioxidant capacity. The antioxidant activity of a laban-Pulicaria jaubertii mixture was also determined. Results showed considerable quantities of nutrients, especially fats, in both milk and laban. The composition differences between milk and laban show several significant health-promoting properties for laban. Laban showed higher antioxidant activity than raw milk and the addition of P. jaubertii to the laban, increased antioxidant activity. The properties of laban suggested the potential use of laban as a promising functional food with excellent health benefits, especially when mixed with P. jaubertii.

The study investigated the metal levels in biotic and abiotic materials from Giresun forests. While soil and water samples were selected as abiotic materials, leaves and moss were selected as biotic materials in forest. These selected materials were sampled from six stations. All samples were analyzed three times for arsenic, iron, chromium, copper, manganese, nickel, lead and zinc by ICP-OES. A logarithmic transformation was done on the data to improve normality. One way ANOVA and Duncan’s multiple range tests were performed to test the differences among metal levels of stations. The differences among metal levels in stations were statistically significant (p

The increasing scarcity and competition for irrigation water entails adoption of innovative practices that increase efficient water use. The objective of this research was to compare different mulching techniques and investigated the combined effect of irrigation levels under drip irrigation system based on the parametric evaluation system in western part of Ethiopia during the 2018 dry season. A factorial combination of five levels of water (namely 100%, 80% and 70%, 60% and 50%ETc) combined with three mulch treatments (namely, Normal Mulch (NM), Straw Mulch (SM) and Plastic Mulch (PM)) with three replications. The analysis of variance showed that, days to 50% maturity, leaf number per plant, mean leaf length, plant height and leaf area were significantly affected by the main effects of deficit irrigation levels and mulching materials. The interaction effects of deficit irrigation levels and mulching materials significantly influenced plant height, number of leaf per plant, plant height, Leaf length and Leaf area of the onion. The present study suggests that, in water scarce area, farmers are advised to adopt deficit irrigation level with 80% ETc under plastic mulch. It is important even to undertake similar studies at different seasons with different varieties in consideration of their cost benefit analysis. However, if water is not a limiting factor, farmers are advised to apply full irrigation water application under plastic mulch.

In this study, fertility and milk yield characteristics of Simmental (SIM) and Red-Holstein (RH) cattle raised in a private dairy farm in Aydın province were determined. For fertility traits, days open (DO), calving interval (CI), gestation length (GL) and number of inseminations per pregnancy (NIPP), for milk yield traits lactation length (LL), lactation milk yield (LMY), 305-days milk yield (305-dMY), peak time (PT) and peak milk yield (PMY) were determined. The means of DO, CI, GL and NIPP of RH and SIM breeds were 109.44±5.66 d and 96.06±3.51 d, 389.16±5.70 d and 380.37±3.54 d, 279.71±0.469 d and 284.94±0.303 d, 1.88±0.099 and 1.85±0.065; the means of LL, LMY, 305-dMY, PT and PMY were 333.00±5.405 d and 322.72±3.233 d, 8235.32±148.099 kg and 7357.03±88.122 kg, 7628.78±109.148 kg and 6938.09±64.945 kg, 46.55±2.196 d and 44.46±1.218 d, and 34.68±0.567 kg and 31.47±0.314 kg, respectively. Although, significant fertility and milk yield differences were obtained between the breeds, the favorable performances of both SIM and RH breeds in terms of all features, considered as the environmental factors such as management-feeding-housing-herd management provided to animals in the farm were also suitable.

This paper provided a brief account of the need of in ovo feeding technology for efficient incubation and hatching as driven by the current and projected poultry production figures. After substantial laboratory experiments in the early 1980s, in ovo vaccination technology became applicable in the commercial broiler hatcheries. The scientific theories that enabled the use of in ovo vaccination facilitated the process of injecting the various nutrient composition into broiler eggs/embryo (in ovo feeding) considering the injection site and the stage of embryonic development. Some studies of in ovo feeding have found scientifically positive effects on incubation properties but they remain insufficient at the commercial level thus, the adoption of the application is very slow compared to other embryo management techniques. Therefore, continuous studies on the best nutrient compositions, combinations, and concentrations are required for the commercial use of in ovo feeding technology.

Turkey as well as in the developing world science, technology and the changing rural development and manufacturing approach accordingly with industry, has changed the shape of the realization of agricultural activities. As a result of new production methods, environmental and human health deteriorated and scientists have turned to organic agriculture. Organic farming practices, which started in the 1980s in our country, have improved significantly with the publication of the organic farming regulation in 1994 and the regulation was last regulated in 2018. Our country with conditions favourable for organic agriculture in terms of soil and water resources, climate, variety of products, this study was prepared in order to see how organic agriculture has progressed over the years and at what stage it is today. In 1990, 8 organic products were produced in Turkey with 313 farmers in an area of 1,037 ha. According to the latest data 73,563 farmers have grown 2,371,612 tons of organic products in 626,885 ha organic agriculture area. In addition, the organic product range produced was increased to 213. When we look at the export situation, it is seen that the total export amount is 111,690,675 tons and a significant amount of this export amount is 41.633,896 tons of wheat and wheat products. Looking at the import data, it is known that the total import amount is 175,865,85 tons and the most imported product is soybeans (non-seed) (99,446 tons). Although a significant increase in organic agriculture production has been observed compared to previous years, it is anticipated that this increase may increase even further considering Turkey's agricultural potential.

Today, the effects of climate change in the world are manifest in all its reality. These changes were being affected Turkey as well as the world, regions and provinces leads to a difference in some. In this study, projections of 10, 15 and 20 and 50 years of future maximum averages have been made according to the provinces in some regions by using the maximum average datas of the past 50 years of Ankara, Kars, Aydın and Sinop provinces selected especially from different regions to evaluate the climatic changes. According to the results of the analysis, the total average temperature data between 1966-2015 was 17.90°C in Ankara, Kars 11.69°C, Aydın 24.50°C and Sinop average temperature was 17.28°C When compared in 2016-2065 projections, it is seen that there will be changes in average temperatures in parallel with climate change. In Northeastern Anatolia, the highest temperature increase is foreseen with 3.45°C, followed by Sinop, a Black Sea province, with 1.99°C. Ankara, which has a continental climate of Central Anatolia, is estimated to be 1.77°C and it is thought that the Aegean province Aydın will be exposed to a temperature increase of 1.55°C at the lowest rate. Other forecasts are predicted to have the highest temperature changes in Kars and Aydın’s minimum temperature changes. The detection of temperature changes in the study is considered to be important in terms of planning agricultural activities accordingly as well as regulating urbanization and water use and taking measures.

Bioactive compounds, called phytochemicals, are produced as secondary metabolites in plants that have beneficial effects on health when they are consumed as nutrients. Phytochemicals have an effective role in the formation of the color, smell and taste of the plants. As an alternative to the synthetic materials used in the treatment of many chronic diseases, the interest in the use of plants phytochemicals have been increased. This trend has led to the development of a new market. This review includes biological activities of plant phytochemicals including antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, anticancer and antihypertensive properties.