The aim of the study was to evaluate the ecological impact of groundwater recharging in the urban development area in the north of Kastamonu city. In this respect, the urban development area was examined in terms of water permeability, which is one of the functions of the landscape, and the ecological impact assessment was carried out in order to determine the level of change in groundwater recharging and land cover before and after urban development. With the methods used within the scope of the study, negative changes in groundwater and water retention capacity can be revealed as a result of other interventions on urbanization and landscape. On the other hand, it is important that landscape plans, where the ecological processes expressed as landscape function, including groundwater recharging and surface runoff potential, are considered as the priority action area of the multi-layered spatial planning process, rather than the investigation of the mentioned negativities after planning and/or implementation.

Just because of geographical spread, citrus species generally grow in places sensitive to salinity. Testing methods have a significant role in breeding and cultivar development programs. This study was conducted to investigate in vitro salt response of Cleopatra mandarin (Citrus reshni Tan.), sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.), rough lemon (Citrus jambhiri Lush.), Volkamer lemon (Citrus volkameriana Tan & Pasq.), Carrizo citrange (Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf. X Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) and trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata Raf.) rootstocks at different NaCl concentrations. Seeds were germinated in MS medium with 0, 45, 90 and 135 mM NaCl concentrations. In general, the greatest germination rates in all salt concentrations in Volkamer lemon and sour orange rootstocks and the lowest values were observed in rough lemon and trifoliate orange rootstocks. Present findings revealed that in vitro conditions could reliably be used in salt tolerance tests of citrus rootstocks.

Geographical indications and designation of origins is an industrial property right describing a product originated from any region or attributable to any region due to its quality, reputation or other characteristics. Particularly, the geographical indications (GI) provide information about the raw material or final products’ geographical roots to consumers and characterize the degree of its quality. Two types of GI were defined: Protected Designations of Origin (PDO) and Protected Geographical Indication (PGI). On the other hand, the products that cannot be registered as a designation of origin or geographical indication could be registered as Traditional Speciality Guaranteed (TSG) products specialty guaranteed if it can be proven that the product is on the traditional market for at least 30 years. The main goal of this research is to examine Turkey’s current status about labelled geographic agricultural material with a comparative statistic overview.

In this study, it was aimed to determine the usability of different diluents and cry protectants in cryopreservation of Peking duck semen. Semen samples were collected from five male ducks, twice a week for four weeks, using the abdominal massage method. In the study, 40 semen samples were used. Semen samples from ducks were combined (mixed) after being evaluated individually. Mix semen volume (ml), density (×109 / mL), pH, motility (%) and vitality (%) values were determined as 1.84±0.04, 1.72±0.8, 6.88±0.29, 71.55±3.28 and 74.27±4.67 respectively. In the study, as cry protectant, Glucose I (GⅠ) containing 6%DMF (dimethylformamide), Tris-Glucose I (TI), Lactated Ringer's-Glucose I (LGI), Lactated Ringer's I (LI) and Glucose II (GⅠI) containing 5% DMSO, Tris-Glucose II (TII), Lactated Ringer's-Glucose II (LGII), Lactated Ringer's II (LII) were used as diluents. The mixed semen was divided into eight equal parts and 1:3 ratio diluent was added and equilibrated in straws for 90 minutes at + 4°C. The straws were first frozen to -80°C with liquid nitrogen vapour, and then stored in liquid nitrogen at -196°C. After freezing and thawing, the highest motility value was determined in diluent LGI with 41.91%. In other diluents used, the mortality values were determined as LII (33.10%), LGII (32.80%), LI (29.00%), GI (23.66%), TI (12.91%), GII (11.22%) and TII (6.90%). Vitality (%) values were determined as LGI (44.08%), LII (38.50%), LGII (35.10%), LI (33.58), GI (30.91%), GII (23.10%), TI (20.66%) and TII (14.80%) respectively. In this study, it has been determined that the lactated Ringer's-Glucose diluent containing 6% DMF is more advantageous in terms of semen vitality and mortality values when compared to other diluents and that it can be used for long-term storage of duck sperm.

In recent years, youth unemployment in Turkey is the effect of economic growth on employment and unemployment. When we search studies for employment and unemployment in the literature, we can’t find many empirical studies for the Turkish economy. In order to contribute about this subject, we try to search the effect of economic growth on youth unemployment for the Turkish economy for the period of 1998-2016 employing Dummy variables. Especially, we found that, increasing effect of economic growth on youth unemployment.

The amount and area of the leaves should be at an optimum level in order to maintain the product quality and not to adversely affect the vine growth. Because carbohydrates, which are essential for omca and are mostly stored in fruit and wood, are formed by leaves after photosynthesis. Leaf area can be used in many areas. Among these, photosynthesis capacity and plant growth rate may. Various tools and methods (planimetry, leaf area meter, width-product, weight-area calculation, image processing programs, etc.) are used in determining leaf area. In this study, 3 American grape rootstocks (5BB, 110 R, 1103 P) and 5 grapes (Alphonse Lavallée, Italıa, Mıchele Palierı and Narince, Yalova İncisi) were used as material. 20 shoots with 15-25 nodules were taken from the rootstocks and varieties of the omca and the leaves were photocopied according to the order of the node. The actual field values of the leaves were measured with a planimeter. Leaf stem and leaf width and length of the leaves were also measured. Regression analysis was performed between leaf stem, leaf blade width and length, leaf blade × length values and real area. The maximum leaf area on one shoot was 5 BB (2484 cm2) from rootstocks and Narince (2126 cm2) from varieties. All three rootstocks gave the average value of the leaf found in 9th node. In terms of node number, which gives an average value according to the varieties, Alphonse Lavallée, Mıchele Palierı and Yalova İncisi varieties came to the forefront in 11th node. The 13th in Narince cultivar and the 12th in Italia cultivar gave the closest value to the average.

In developing nations Nigeria inclusive, most of the cereals grown are for human consumption. Conventional feedstuffs use in livestock production especially in poultry enterprise has intensified the competition for available grains. Consequently, the cost of poultry production is jacked up. Since poultry provides most of the animal protein consumed either in the form of meat or egg, exploring tropical vegetables as a route of escape to reducing the cost of feeding will be a great gain in the poultry enterprise. Tropical vegetables especially the African leafy vegetables (ALVs) are economical and highly nutritive possessing good levels of vitamins, minerals, protein and essential amino acids. The mineral constituent of some tropical vegetables as well as their nutritive impact on the performance, meat quality, egg quality in broiler and laying birds as presented in this review paper. Although, the availability of ALVs all year round, its moisture content level and presence of anti-nutrients may tend to limit its usage in poultry feed, adopting irrigation techniques and improved seedlings as well as exploring the processes of enhancing the nutritional value of ALVs to combat anti-nutrients to tolerable levels by the birds make it possible to be considered as good alternative in poultry diets.

In this study, the relationship between temperature and humidity levels and live weight losses of day-old chicks in broiler pure lines with different feathering rates were investigated. The research material consisted of 3 female pure-lines (A1: slow feathering, A2: fast feathering, A3: slow feathering) and 2 male pure-lines (B1: fast feathering, B2: fast feathering) used in broiler breeding. The hatching chicks were individually numbered, sex-seperated, live weight determined and vaccinations were performed at 26-28°C temperature and 60-65% humidity levels in hatchery. The chickens from different genotypes were placed in cardboard boxes of 68×49×16 cm size with 3 unit and 150 chicks were used in the male-female mixed in 10 chicks in each unit. The chicks were transported in an air-conditioned vehicle for 9 hours between Eskişehir and Samsun, with an average temperature of 28.8°C and a humidity of 40.8%. When the chicks arrived to barn, weight losses are determined individually during transport. The effect of genotypes and feathering rates on live weight loss was found significant. The highest weight loss was determined 1.6 g and 3.8% in B1 and B2 genotypes equally without gender effect. Also, A2 and A3 genotypes were similar too; genotypes with the lowest weight loss of 0,7 g and 0.8 g and 1.6% respectively. Besides, the live weight loss in genotypes with fast feathering was found 1.3 g and 3.1%, which was significantly higher than the slow-feathering (0.9 g and 2.1%). The weight loss fast-feathering male pure-lines is higher than fast-feathering female pure-lines; it is thought that the increase in the metabolic rate due to the selection for live weight increase and faster depletion of the body reserves may be effective in these lines.

The fisheries sector makes significant contributions to the economy for the animal nutritional needs of the people, industry, employment and national income. In particularly the aquaculture sector is one of the fastest growing sectors in Turkey with a growth rate of 11%. Antalya is one of the provinces with an importance in the aquaculture sector. Unfortunately, it is not possible to use this potential efficiently either as the province is also a major tourism destination. As a matter of fact, cage nets in the province have been moved to further locations due to tourism. However, there are still 78 active aquaculture facilities in Antalya, including 73 trout and 5 seabream-seabass. These businesses are performing about 2% of Turkey's aquaculture production. As of 2017, aquaculture production amount in the province was 5,693 tons/year. There are 5 fishing shelters in Antalya in 2017. These are located in Konyaalti, Alanya, Finike, Kas (Center) and Kas (Kalkan) regions. However, the number of landing points cause some confusion and problems in terms of control. For this reason, it is requested to open a Seafood Wholesaler in the province. The fisheries and aquaculture production was 6,779 tons/year in Antalya and 1680 tons in 2016, 1898 tons in 2017 and 2359 tons/year as of 2018 were exported.

Main goals of the present study were (1) to initially investigate the nutrient contents and bioactive compounds in the bulb and cloves of garlic, and (2) to study the growth parameter after planting. Garlic bulbs were firstly separated into three categories as pickled, big and small, while the big garlic cloves were also classified into three categories as big, small and central. Secondly, the garlic samples were analyzed before planting for their element profile, proline, soluble protein, free amino acid, β-carotene, lycopene, total phenolic, soluble sugars, SOD and α-amylase activities. Finally, the growth parameters were measured using the cultivated cloves and the pickled bulbs. According to the result, the highest soluble protein, N, phenolic, lycopene and α amylase activity (97.06 mg, 2.58%, 971 mg, 0.368 mg and 38.13 EU, respectively) were recorded in the biggest cloves. The highest proline, amino acid, glucose content (93.84 µmol, 23.54 mg, 230.89 mg, respectively) and K, P, S, Mg, Mn, Fe and Zn (21940 ppm, 7577 ppm, 12200 ppm, 504 ppm, 38.1ppm, 377,7ppm and 44.5 ppm, respectively) were found in the pickled bulb. The maximum level of β-carotene (0.282 mg), Ca, Cl and Sr (11260ppm, 818.7ppm and 47.9 ppm) were determined in the small bulbs. Based on the growth parameters of seedlings, the highest value of shoot and root length (39.12 cm and 24.11 cm respectively), the fresh weight of shoot and root (5.29 g and 4.54 g respectively) and dry weight of shoot and root (1.70 g and 1.24 g respectively) were noted with the big cloves. The results of the current study have indicated that the pickled cloves have higher macro and micro nutrients, proline, amino acid and glucose, while the big cloves of garlic have higher proline, phenolic, N%, lycopene and amylase activity. It can be said that the big cloves showed good value for the five bioactive compounds, but the pickled exhibited good value for the macro and micro element and glucose.