The global dilemma of waste management and food scarcity require novel solutions that fulfill both environmental concerns and nutritional requirements. To address these significant problems in a sustainable manner, this research investigates the possibility of producing single cell protein (SCP) from sugarcane bagasse, an abundant industrial waste product in the presence of Aspergillus niger strain. The production of SCP was further optimized by inducing variations in Physico-chemical properties to increase the protein yield. These parameters include temperature, pH, fermentation time, inoculum size, carbon and nitrogen sources. The results of this study revealed that A. niger showed maximum production of biomass (24.0±0.02%) at the temperature of 25°C after 7 days of incubation time with the pH adjusted to 5. In conclusion, this multidisciplinary strategy emphasizes how essential biotechnology is to be advancing the idea of how sugarcane bagasse could potentially be used as a beneficial asset to help feed the world's expanding population.

This study investigates the adsorption and desorption capacities of corn cob biochars produced at three different pyrolysis temperatures. Adsorption experiments were conducted using ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3-) solutions at concentrations 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 mg L-1. Results indicated that CC300 biochar exhibited the highest NH4+ adsorption efficiency at lower concentrations, adsorbing 88.67% of NH4+ at 5 mg L-1. However, its adsorption capacity decreased with increasing NH4+ concentration. CC400 biochar demonstrated a balanced adsorption capacity for both NH4+ and NO3-, with 83.71% NH4+ adsorption and 87.17% NO3- adsorption at 5 mg L-1. CC500 biochar showed the highest NO3- adsorption capacity, reaching 90.05% at 5 mg L-1, but was less effective in NH4+ adsorption, particularly at lower concentrations. Desorption analysis revealed that CC300 and CC500 biochars retained NH4+ and NO3- effectively, with relatively low desorption rates. In contrast, CC400 biochar exhibited higher desorption rates, indicating a controlled nutrient release potential. The study highlights the significant influence of pyrolysis temperature on the adsorption and desorption characteristics of biochar and its suitability for specific nutrient management applications. These findings contribute to the optimization of biochar production and its effective utilization in sustainable agriculture and environmental protection.

Providing competitive advantage in international markets, encouraging innovation, increasing productivity and supporting sustainable growth constitute the long-term goals of countries. In order to gain competitive advantage in changing market conditions, it is not enough to limit natural resources, capital, labor and production factors; the existence of social networks and information is also needed. To increase competitiveness in agriculture, which stands out as the primary sector for rural areas in country economies; there is a necessity to use technology, value-added production, effective use of resources, provide employment opportunities, employ qualified human resources and develop strong collaborations. In accordance with these needs, it is necessary to adapt the concepts of social and human capital to the agricultural sector and develop strategies for the current situation that are concretized with data. Within the scope of this study, a micro-scale study was carried out to analyze the social and human capital structure of the agricultural employment market in Konya. Face-to-face interviews were conducted via a survey with a total of 268 agricultural operators, 96 unpaid family laborers, 294 agricultural workers and 30 agricultural intermediaries. In employment areas where data were collected using social and human capital scales, problems such as social exclusion, feeling insecure due to working conditions, polarization between local and foreign labor, and low levels of bridging social capital were encountered. Policy recommendations have been developed to solve these problems and also policy recommendations have been made for community building and successful employment management in agriculture.

This study aimed to determine the effects of the addition of different doses of Lactobacillus brevis to oat silage on the physical and chemical properties, aerobic stability, in vitro organic matter digestibility, and energy value of the silage.  In the study, the treatment groups were oat control (OC), 1x106 (Lb6), 1x108 (Lb8) and 1x109 cfu/kg dry matter (Lb9) L. brevis inoculated oats. Inoculation of L. brevis into oat silage increased the number of lactic acid bacteria and decreased the pH of the silage at the time of opening. This inoculation decreased the organic matter, acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber contents of the silages at opening compared to those of OC, while increasing the dry matter and crude protein contents. The L. brevis inoculation into oat silage decreased the pH values and yeast counts on the fifth day after opening the silages compared to OC, without affecting the amount of CO2 production and mold count. The inoculation did not affect the in vitro organic matter digestibility and metabolizable energy value of silage; but increased the net energy lactation value compared to OC. When the L. brevis doses are evaluated independently, it can be said that 1*108 and 1*109 cfu/kg DM doses contributed more effectively to oat silage, so any of these doses can be preferred.

The study explored the potential of local Oasian sorghums from the Algerian Sahara, alongside the Arab Center for the Studies of Arid Zones and Dry Lands (ACSAD) varieties, focusing on their sap and sugar yield capabilities, for selecting the most appropriate ones as good sources for bioethanol production. The method used in this study consisted of a complete randomized block design with three repetitions in open field. Harvesting was carried out at two vegetative stages: milky-pasty and hard-grain. Morphometric measurements and estimation of the produced biomass yields followed. The second step of the study concerned the extraction of the sap from the stems and the determination of its volume and sugar content. Depending on the physiological stage, the volume of produced sap fluctuated as much as the sugar rate. The diameter of the stems varied the bark-to-pith ratio of populations. According to this ratio, the largest fraction of pith, which contains sap, was found in the populations: Hamra, Kharssi, Beïda-Adrar, respectively, 0.65, 0.83, and 0.91. The stems yield of Biofuel and Beïda-Adrar were notably high at milky-pasty stage, approximately 1.87 and 1.51 kg m-², respectively; indicating their suitability for bioethanol production. The research highlighted the variation in sap volume across different growth stages and populations, with a proportional relationship observed between sap volume and sugar concentration. The analysis demonstrated significant differences across all the studied parameters. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) further categorized the parameters into two distinct groups based on growth phases, facilitating a deeper understanding of the determinants of sorghum’s bioethanol potential. The findings emphasize the need for a balanced selection of sorghum populations for bioethanol production, considering sap volume, sugar yield, and biometric parameters. This study not only underscores the viability of sorghum as a bioethanol source but also aligns with sustainable agriculture and renewable energy goals, especially in arid regions like the Algerian Sahara.

Anaplasmosis, a vector-borne haemoparasitic disease, poses a significant threat to animal health. This study investigated the prevalence and associated risk factors of anaplasmosis in goats within the Chattogram district of Bangladesh. The research was conducted at the SA Quadery Teaching Veterinary Hospital (SAQTVH), Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), involving observations of 202 goats. Blood samples were collected from the ear veins of 44 goats. Thin blood smears were prepared, stained with Giemsa, and examined under a microscope. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square tests in SPSS Statistics version 26. The study found that goat rearing systems significantly influenced infection rates (P < 0.05). Anaplasmosis was more prevalent in goats displaying pale mucous membranes and symptoms such as fever or weakness (P < 0.05). To mitigate the disease, strategic control measures, including vector reduction and routine health monitoring, are recommended.

Consumers are shifting to a plant-based lifestyle worldwide as more sustainable and healthier alternatives. However, despite the increasing popularity of plant-based vegan products, scientific evidence on their nutritional quality and health effects is still lacking. This study assessed the nutritional and cytotoxic characteristics of the vegan and regular cheese varieties sold in the retail markets in Istanbul, Türkiye in terms of total protein content, amino acid profile, vitamin B, calcium, and in vitro cytotoxicity using Kjeldahl, LC-MS/MS, HLPC, ICP-MS, and in vitro MTS assay, respectively. Our findings showed that the protein content in the regular cheese varieties was 20.7%, while it was 13.3% in vegan tofu only. The ratio between essential and non-essential amino acids in the regular and vegan tofu cheeses was 36.0/64.0 and 38.0/62.0, respectively. Vitamins B6, B9, and B12 were detected in none of the varieties, and calcium levels were found to be 568.1 in the regular cheeses and 17.8 mg/100 g in the vegan cheeses. Besides, in vitro, MTS assay demonstrated that regular cheese Roquefort and vegan varieties significantly decreased the cell viability of the HTC-116 human colon cancer cell line. Overall, the current research highlights the need for a comprehensive evaluation of the vegan cheese types better to understand their nutritional, pre- and clinical toxicity, and bioavailability characteristics in a dose and time-dependent manner using advanced techniques and improving the nutritional quality of vegan products remains a challenge for the food industry.

In this study, the regeneration of the Colchicum soboliferum species, one of the medicinal aromatic plants growing naturally in Türkiye, was examined by the somatic embryogenesis method. Within the scope of experiments on somatic embryogenesis, corms of the Colchicum soboliferum species were used as explant source. 16 media containing 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (0, 0.5, 1, 2 mg.L⁻¹), Benzyl adenine (BA) (0, 0.1, 0.5 mg.L⁻¹), and 2-Isopentenyladenine (2IP) (0, 0.1, 0.5 mg.L⁻¹) as plant growth regulators were used in this regeneration research. Different ratios and combinations of Murashige ve Skoog (MS) media were tested. In the applications, the highest embryogenic callus formation was observed with a rate of 60% in Murashige ve Skoog (MS) media containing 0.5 mg.L⁻¹ 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) + 0.1 mg.L⁻¹ 2-Isopentenyladenine (2IP). The highest embryo formation, with a rate of 48.33%, was obtained in MS media containing 2 mg.L⁻¹ 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) + 0.5 mg.L⁻¹ Benzyl adenine (BA) and 2 mg.L⁻¹ 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) + 0.1 mg.L⁻¹ 2-Isopentenyladenine (2IP). No growth was observed in the control application that did not contain plant growth regulators.

Turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn.) is widely recognized for its medicinal properties; however, the potential of Nepalese turmeric varieties, specifically Kapurkot Haledo 1 (KK1), Kapurkot Haledo-2 (KK2), and Sugandha, remains underexplored, particularly in relation to their processing outcomes and quality characteristics. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different blanching methods on these varieties' quality traits. Using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), the experiment tested three blanching treatments: distilled water boiling (DWB), alkaline water boiling (AWB), and a control, with nine treatment combinations, each replicated four times. Statistical analysis showed that KK2 had the highest dry recovery percentage (23.51%), with DWB proving more effective than AWB. KK1 exhibited the most significant length shrinkage, whereas KK2 treated with AWB showed the least. In terms of diameter, KK1 and Sugandha showed the highest shrinkage, while KK2 treated with AWB demonstrated minimal shrinkage. For color quality, KK1 received the highest color score (6.75), followed by Sugandha and KK2, with AWB generally enhancing color ratings across the varieties. Significant interactions between turmeric variety and blanching method were observed. Specifically, KK1 with DWB achieved the highest dry recovery, similar to KK2 under AWB treatment. Additionally, Sugandha treated with AWB showed the least length shrinkage, and KK2 exhibited the lowest diameter shrinkage under both control and AWB treatments. Regarding oil content, KK1 and Sugandha retained the highest levels under control conditions, while KK2 with AWB showed the lowest ash content and the highest curcumin concentration in the control group. In summary, the findings suggest that the combination of KK2 with AWB or DWB yields optimal outcomes across multiple quality parameters, underscoring the effectiveness of these blanching methods as post-harvest processing techniques for enhancing the quality of Nepalese turmeric.

The focus on ancestral seeds and Geographical Indications (GI) reflects a growing global movement to reconnect with traditional agricultural practices and cultural heritage. These practices emphasise environmental sustainability, agricultural biodiversity and food quality. Kavılca, an old emmer wheat variety from Ardahan, Türkiye, exemplifies these practices. Known for its resilience to harsh climates, low gluten content and rich nutrient profile, Kavılca wheat supports sustainable agriculture and preserves cultural traditions. By protecting these unique products, GIs help preserve agricultural biodiversity and heritage against modern monoculture practices. Similarly, ancestral seeds such as Kavılca wheat offer climate change adaptation advantages with minimal dependence on chemical inputs. They also provide superior nutritional benefits, making them a healthier alternative to modern wheat varieties. Overall, the cultivation of ancestral seeds such as Kavılca wheat is crucial in addressing challenges such as climate change, food security and biodiversity loss. These practices represent a harmonious blend of tradition and innovation that promotes sustainable and culturally rich food systems for future generations. The resilience of this crop to environmental challenges, combined with its nutritional benefits and cultural significance, make it an invaluable asset in addressing the modern agricultural and food challenges we face. This review article is designed by narrative review method. It analyses the importance of Ardahan Kavılca wheat, a Geographical Indication ancestral seed, and its journey from the field to the consumer.