Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin orta güney bölgesinde yer alan Konya, Kayseri ve Niğde illerinde yaşayan kırsal gençlerin göç etme eğilimleri ve tarıma bakış açıları incelenmiştir. Araştırmada 48 köy muhtarı, 15-29 yaş aralığındaki 308 genç ve 308 hane reisi ile yüz yüze anketler yapılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler Göç Davranış Indeksi (GDI) ile analiz edilmiştir. Bulgulara göre gençlerin %37,0’si kırsaldan göç etmeyi düşünürken, %58,1’i göç etmeyi istememekte, %4,9’u ise kararsızdır. Gençlerin göç etme niyetleri ile; eğitim, yaş, cinsiyet, hane reisinin göç niyeti ve tarımsal gelirin yeterliliği gibi faktörler arasında anlamlı ilişkiler olduğu belirlenmiştir. Göç etmek isteyen gençlerin büyük bir kısmı göç ettiği yerde tarım dışı alanlarda çalışmayı planlamaktadırlar. Gençlerin göç etme şekli, çalışma planı, ailenin göç kararına yaklaşımı gibi unsurların göç davranışlarında belirleyici rol oynadığı tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre gençlerin kırsalda kalması için sosyal güvenlik sorunun çözümlenmesi gerekmektedir. Bölgede tarım sektörünün önemini kaybetmemesi için kırsal alanın daha cazip hale getirilmesi, tarıma dayalı sanayinin geliştirilmesi ve kırsal ile entegre hale getirilmesi, iş ve sosyal imkanların artırılması önem taşımaktadır.

The tomato is a significant vegetable in the world on the basis of consumption, nutrition, and extensive use in processed foods. During plant growth and development, amino acids especially exogenous application of proline (Pro), plays a crucial role to increase stress tolerance under various abiotic stresses. Among abiotic stressors, temperature is considered as an important and alarming stressor for plant development and growth. Sometime a significant drop in crop productivity is the outcome of harsh temperature increment. An investigation was carried out at the Horticulture Lab, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, during 2021-22 to inspect the role of foliar application of proline under heat stress in tomato plants. Tomato seedlings with true leaves were exposed to high temperatures (25°C [control], 40°C, and 45°C) with exogenous proline sprays of (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mili-molars). Various growth attributes like morphological i-e number of leaves, leaf area cm2, shoot fresh weight (mg), shoot dry weight (mg), root fresh weight (mg), root dry weight (mg), and physiological [photosynthetic rate (µ mol/m-2s-1)], chlorophyll contents (spad), stomatal conductance (µ mols m-2 s-1 transpiration rate (µ mol/m-2 s-1),)] were studied. The findings indicated that foliar application of proline at 1.5 mM under heat stress on 40oC and 45oC was found to be more advantageous to improve growth attributes like number of leaves (12.2), leaf area (8.3 cm2), shoot length (10.39 cm), shoot fresh weight (1.88 mg), shoot dry weight (0.28 mg), root dry weight (0.20 mg), and remediated the detrimental effect of heat stress in tomato plants. The variation between control and proline treated heat-stressed plants supported that proline may have a function in alleviating heat stress.

Environmental factors such as drought, resulting from global climate change, have increasingly limited productivity in melon cultivation in recent years. Turkiye's geographical location and rich genetic diversity make it highly probable that drought-tolerant genetic material exists within this diversity. In this study, 192 melon genotypes were used, sourced from the cucurbit genetic resource collection of the Department of Horticulture at Çukurova University, which includes materials from various regions of Turkiye and around the world. In the pre-screening screening phase conducted in the first year of the research, 192 genotypes were grown under drought stress conditions created using 5% PEG 6000 for two months. Parameters such as stem length, stem dry weight, root dry weight, number of leaf, and a 0-5 scale were evaluated in the green parts and roots of the plants. A general decrease was observed in all parameters except root dry weight, where a 3% increase was noted in the average of the genotypes. In the special screening phase of the study, 15 genotypes selected based on the initial screening results were subjected to a second stress test under hydroponic conditions in a climate-controlled plant growth chamber using 8% PEG 6000, parameters such as visual scale evaluation (0-5), stem fresh and dry weight, root fresh and dry weight, stem and root length, number of leaf, leaf relative water content, relative water content, and electrolyte leakage were examined. All parameters showed varying degrees of reduction in the drought-stressed genotypes compared to the control groups, except for percentage change values. An increase in electrolyte leakage was observed compared to the control. As a result of the two different screenings, the drought tolerance levels of the melon genotypes were determined. Genotype Kav-248 was identified as the most drought-tolerant, while Kav-20 was found to be the most sensitive.

Bu çalışma, İstanbul’da faaliyet gösteren perakende balık satış yerlerindeki yetkililerin ve çalışanların sosyo-demografik özelliklerini, hijyen bilgi düzeylerini ve sektörel sorunlarını incelemiştir. Çalışma, İstanbul genelinde 60 perakende balık satış işletmesinde çalışanlarla yüz yüze anketler ve 16 Su Ürünleri Kontrol Görevlisi ile çevrimiçi anket yoluyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Katılımcıların %95’inin erkek olduğu ve ağırlıklı olarak 31-55 yaş aralığında yer aldığı gözlemlenmiştir. Çalışanların %40’ının sektörde otuz yıldan fazla deneyime sahip olduğu ve %93’ünün sattıkları ürünleri iyi tanıdığı belirlenmiştir. Su Ürünleri Kontrol Görevlilerinin %63’ü yapılan denetimlerin yetersiz olduğunu düşünürken, %50’si bu durumu personel eksikliğine bağlamaktadır. Öte yandan, perakende balık satış yerlerinde çalışanların %80’i denetimlerin balık hallerinde yoğunlaştırılması gerektiğini düşünmektedir. Çalışma, perakende balık satış yerlerinin su ürünleri sektörü içinde önemli bir yere sahip olmasına rağmen, zor çalışma koşulları nedeniyle kadınlar ve gençler için tercih edilmeyen bir iş alanı olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca, çalışanların hijyen uygulamalarını bilmelerine rağmen bunları iş yerlerinde uygulamadıkları ve resmi denetimlerin yetersiz kaldığı gözlemlenmiştir.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of somatic cell count (SCC) variation on fertility [days open (DO),  number of inseminations per pregnancy (NIPP), calving interval (CI) and gestation length (GL)] and milk yield traits [daily milk yield (dMY), lactation length (LL), lactation milk yield (LMY) and 305-days milk yield (305-dMY)] during early (< 100 d), mid (100-200 d) and late lactation (> 200 d). This study was conducted with primiparous and multiparous Holstein cows at a commercial farm having an approximate herd size of 260 heads in Kırşehir, Türkiye. A total of 107 Holstein dairy cows on the farm were selected. Milk samples were collected once a month during morning milking between 30 and 240±15 d of lactation. The somatic cell counter (DCC, DeLaval, Tumba, Sweden) was used to assess SCC (cells/ml). SCC levels were categorized into three groups (< 100 × 10³ cells/mL, 100-200 × 10³ cells/mL and > 200 × 10³ cells/mL). Cows were divided into three groups according to parity: Cows with parity 1 (first group; n = 49), cows with parity 2 (second group; n = 30) and cows with parity 3 ≤ (third group; n = 28). Parity did not influence fertility traits (P>0.05). Parity significantly affected dMY and 305-dMY, but not LL or LMY. The study found that cows with SCC < 100 × 10³ cells/mL had lower DO and CI values compared to cows with SCC 100-200 × 10³ cells/mL and > 200 × 10³ cells/mL during mid-lactation, although no statistical differences were observed in the NIPP, GL, dMY, LL, LMY and 305-dMY values. A positive correlation was observed between SCC groups and DO during mid-lactation. These findings suggest that SCC can be used as an indicator in indirect selection programs to achieve shorter DO and CI in Holstein cows.

Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum) is recognized as a highly nutritious food source due to its high nutritional value and functional properties. Classified as a pseudocereal, buckwheat provides numerous health benefits owing to its high protein content, rich fiber composition, balanced essential amino acid profile, and abundance of polyphenolic compounds. As a gluten-free grain, it serves as a safe alternative for individuals with celiac disease and gluten intolerance, while its low glycemic index makes it beneficial for diabetes management. The bioactive compounds found in buckwheat, including flavonoids (rutin, quercetin), polyphenols, and fagopyritols, have been shown to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective effects. Regular consumption has been reported to reduce LDL cholesterol levels, increase HDL cholesterol levels, and lower the risk of hypertension. Additionally, buckwheat supports digestive health by regulating gut microbiota, thereby playing a protective role against inflammatory bowel diseases. With its extensive applications in the food industry, buckwheat is utilized in the production of bakery products, pasta, bread, biscuits, functional beverages, and fermented products, contributing to the development of antioxidant-rich beverages. However, due to its gluten-free nature, it can cause textural differences in baked goods, necessitating the use of stabilizers to improve product consistency and quality.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different foliar microbial fertilizer applications on yield and yield components of some cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) cultivars (Akkız-86 and Karagöz-86). The research was conducted in 2022 growing season under Kayseri ecological conditions. When the results of the study were evaluated, average values of plant height varied between 80.294-84.668 cm, number of main branches per plant varied between 1.749-1.919 pieces/plant, first pod height varied between 44.326-50.012 cm, number of pods varied between 8.449-11.056 pieces/plant, number of seeds per pod varied between 4.925-5.591 pieces/plant; the highest value in unit area grain yield was obtained from Imed microbial fertilizer with 232.814 kg/da. It can be said that microbial fertilizers positively affect grain yield in cowpea plants.

In this study, the effects of season and genotype on bee venom (BV) yield and content were determined. For this purpose, BV was collected from Muğla Ecotype colonies every 15 days in spring (April-May 2022), summer (June, July, August 2022) and autumn (September, October, November 2022). BV yields and contents of the colonies were determined according to the seasons. In addition, melittin, apamin and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) were detected in BV harvested from Carniolan F1 (6 pieces) and Muğla Ecotype (6 pieces) colonies. The average bee venom yield (BVY) obtained in Muğla Ecotype colonies was determined as 45.5±2.69 mg, 33.9±2.12 mg and 23.4±2.29 mg in spring, summer and autumn, respectively and the differences between the groups were significant. The effect of season on BV content was statistically insignificant, while the effect of genotype on BV content (melittin) was found to be significant. The average melittin ratio of BV produced from Carniolan F1 colonies and Muğla Ecotype colonies was determined as 56.41±1.64% and 66.39±1.84%, respectively. As a result, it was determined in this study that season was effective on BVY but did not affect the content, and the melittin ratio, which constitutes more than half of the BV, was affected by the bee genotype

Rice blast, aused by Magnaporthe oryzae B.C.Couch, is considered as the main fungal disease in rice fields in Burkina Faso. This study aimed to assess the essential oils of Cymbopogon schoenanthus, Ocimum americanum, Ocimum gratissimum and Lippia multiflora on mycelial radial growth and inhibition rate of the fungus using the contact and fumigation methods. For each essential oil, six doses were used : T0 (0 µl/ml), T1 (0.1 µl/ml), T2 (0.6 µl/ml), T3 (1.2 µl/ml), T4 (1.8 µl/ml) and T5 (2.4 µl/ml). In both tests, two treatments of synthetic fungicides namely Tma (mancozeb) and Taz (azoxystrobin) at recommended doses of 6.67 µl/ml and 3.33 µl/ml respectively. The results showed that in the contact method, essential oils of L. multiflora, O. americanum,C. schoenanthus and O. gratissimum inhibited 100% (0 cm of diameter) the fungus mycelial radial growth at doses of T3 (1.2 µl/ml), T5 (2.4 µl/ml), T2 (0.6 µl/ml) and T2 (0.6 µl/ml) respectively. As for the fumigation method, oils of L. multiflora, O. americanum,C. schoenanthus and O. gratissimum inhibited mycelial radial growth of the fungus by 100% at doses of T2 (0.6 µl/ml), T5 (2.4 µl/ml), T4 (1.8 µl/ml) and T3 (1.2 µl/ml) respectively. Mancozeb and azoxystrobin treatments inhibited radial mycelial growth by 100% and 74.1% respectively. These essential oils can be used to control rice blast in the field. The use of these essential oils in rice blast management may also help to reduce environmental pollution caused by synthetic fungicides.”

Green manuring is the practice of adding cover crops to the soil. The excessive use of chemical fertilizers, intensive farming, faulty cultivation practices, and poor soil management have degraded soil health, necessitating the use of green manure. This study aimed to evaluate the best-performing green manuring crops that enhance soil properties from the first week of April to the first week of July in Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal. The experiment was performed under Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five treatments and four replications. The treatments were cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.), black gram (Vigna mungo L.), Sesbania (Sesbania aculeata Wild.), mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) and Sudan grass (Sorghum bicolor L.). The biomass yield, soil pH, bulk density, soil organic matter, Total nitrogen, and available phosphorus were measured. The data were analyzed using R-Studio for mean comparison among significant variables using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 5% significance level. Sesbania consistently enriched the soil with higher total nitrogen (0.197%), available phosphorus (11.36 kg/ha), soil organic carbon (2.29%), soil carbon stock (40.70 t/ha), low bulk density (1.20 g/cm³), fresh biomass yield (8.25 t/ha), and dry biomass yield (1.62 t/ha). Cowpea emerged as a reliable alternative when Sesbania was not available. However, mung bean and black gram lagged in biomass production and nutrient addition. Sudan grass performed poorly, contributing the least organic matter and available phosphorus. Sesbania, therefore, stands out as the optimal choice, while cowpea serves as a viable substitute when sesbania is unavailable. In addition, leguminous green manuring crops outperformed non-leguminous crops.