Bu çalışmanın amacı sulamalı buğday üretiminde, üretim girdilerinden kaynaklanan toplam sera gazı (GHG) emisyonlarının azaltılması da dahil olmak üzere, sulama yönetimi yoluyla buğday üretiminde enerji verimliliğini artırma ve çevresel etkiyi azaltma potansiyelini değerlendirmektir. Bu kapsamda gerekli olan üretim girdileri ve ürün verimine ilişkin veriler, 2018-2020 döneminde, Konya’da buğdayda tamamlayıcı sulama üzerine yürütülen tarla denemesinden elde edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda beş farklı sulama rejimi dikkate alınmış olup, bunlar: TTS, buğdayın üç kritik gelişme döneminde, 0-90 cm toprak katmanında eksilen nem miktarı kadar sulama; KTS-1, buğdayın üç kritik gelişme döneminde 90’ar mm su ile sulama; KTS-2, buğdayın üç kritik gelişme döneminde 70’er mm su ile sulama; KTS-3, buğdayın üç kritik gelişme döneminde 50’şer mm su ile sulama ve Y, yağışa dayalı konudur. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre, en yüksek dane verimi (7918 kg ha- 1) ve enerji çıktısı (285857 MJ ha-1) TTS uygulamasında elde edilirken, en iyi enerji üretkenliği (0,935 kg MJ-1) ile enerji verimliliği oranı (12,46) ve en düşük çevre kirliliği (2272 kgCO2 eşd ha-1) KTS-3 rejimi altında gerçekleşmiştir. Çalışma kapsamındaki enerji verimliliği ve çevresel kirlilik analizi önemli bulgulara yol açmıştır. Konya gibi tarım arazisi çok, su kaynakları kısıtlı olan bölgelerde, birim alandan (1 ha) yüksek verimin elde edildiği tam sulama (TTS) yerine, aynı ürün miktarının KTS-2 altında 1,04 ha ve KTS-3 rejimi altında ise 1,09 ha’dan üretilebileceği görülmüştür. Bu yolla, ürün miktarında bir azalış olmadan, sulama suyunda %32,4 ile %49 arasında bir tasarruf sağlanırken, sera gazı emisyonu ise %10,3 ile %15,6 arasında azaltılabilecektir.

Consumers are shifting to a plant-based lifestyle worldwide as more sustainable and healthier alternatives. However, despite the increasing popularity of plant-based vegan products, scientific evidence on their nutritional quality and health effects is still lacking. This study assessed the nutritional and cytotoxic characteristics of the vegan and regular cheese varieties sold in the retail markets in Istanbul, Türkiye in terms of total protein content, amino acid profile, vitamin B, calcium, and in vitro cytotoxicity using Kjeldahl, LC-MS/MS, HLPC, ICP-MS, and in vitro MTS assay, respectively. Our findings showed that the protein content in the regular cheese varieties was 20.7%, while it was 13.3% in vegan tofu only. The ratio between essential and non-essential amino acids in the regular and vegan tofu cheeses was 36.0/64.0 and 38.0/62.0, respectively. Vitamins B6, B9, and B12 were detected in none of the varieties, and calcium levels were found to be 568.1 in the regular cheeses and 17.8 mg/100 g in the vegan cheeses. Besides, in vitro, MTS assay demonstrated that regular cheese Roquefort and vegan varieties significantly decreased the cell viability of the HTC-116 human colon cancer cell line. Overall, the current research highlights the need for a comprehensive evaluation of the vegan cheese types better to understand their nutritional, pre- and clinical toxicity, and bioavailability characteristics in a dose and time-dependent manner using advanced techniques and improving the nutritional quality of vegan products remains a challenge for the food industry.

The agricultural sector plays a crucial role in economic growth, employment, and food security. Although E7 countries (Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Russia, and Turkey) hold a significant share in global agricultural production, there is limited literature on the determinants of agricultural value added. This study aims to analyze the key economic factors affecting agricultural value added in E7 countries and assess the effectiveness of agricultural policies. The study covers the period 2001-2022 and employs the Panel ARDL method to examine long-term relationships. The findings indicate that the proportion of agricultural land and agricultural employment positively impact agricultural value added, whereas government expenditures may have a negative effect. Governments intervene in the agricultural sector through both direct and indirect measures. It can be suggested that direct income support policies for farmers may have the potential to increase dependency rather than enhance productivity. Although a detailed distinction regarding the implementation of direct payments during the analyzed period could not be made, the impact of government support is likely to vary depending on the type and implementation of the assistance provided. The results emphasize the need for more effective planning of agricultural support mechanisms. Redirecting public expenditures towards infrastructure investments, agricultural technology adoption, and rural development projects could enhance the sector’s long-term sustainability. Additionally, improving the transparency and measurability of support policies may increase their effectiveness and strengthen agricultural productivity. Policymakers should conduct a more detailed analysis of the effects of different support mechanisms to develop appropriate intervention strategies.

In the arid conditions of the Steppe of Ukraine, the species composition of weeds characteristic of this soil-climatic zone develops. The correctly chosen method of basic soil tillage determines the effectiveness of weed suppression while simultaneously improving the growing conditions for sunflower varieties and hybrids. The purpose of the study was to identify the species composition of weeds in the steppe zone and establish the effectiveness the methods of basic tillage of soil in the technology of growing sunflower hybrids aimed at suppressing weeds and reducing the quantity of weeds in agrocenoses. Research has established that weeds of sunflower agrophytocenoses are represented by 78 species that belong to 2 classes, 18 orders, 27 families, 62 genera. In the agrophytocenosis of sunflower, the largest number of 93.5-96.3% is represented by dicotyledonous weeds (Magnoliopsida). The species composition is dominated by weeds of the Compositae family (Asteraceae) of the dicotyledonous class (Magnoliopsida), which leads to a significant decrease in the yield level. According to the species composition, 3 groups of weeds of the Asteraceae family (Asteraceae) were identified, of which 1 group of weeds is the most harmful and leads to the formation of a minimum yield of sunflower hybrids Yason and Daryi of 1.77-1.79 t/ha. The use of non-moldboard tillage leads to a percentage increase in the share of air dry mass of weeds of the Asteraceae family by 11.1-13.1%, while reducing the yield of sunflower hybrids by 0.13-0.21 t/ha. Thus, with the established species composition of weeds and the quantity of weeds, the use of plowing in sunflower cultivation technology makes it possible to form a maximum yield of 2.07-2.24 t/ha, providing more effective weed suppression in sunflower agrophytocenoses with a minimum percentage of air-dry mass of weeds of the Asteraceae family to the total number of weeds of 21.1-24.1%.

This study was conducted on the Sinceri grape cultivar grown for both table and raisin (drying) purposes, in the 2021 growing season in Siirt/Türkiye. The primary objective was to create a microclimate within the vine canopy by installing net covers with different shading rates (35%, 55%, and 75%) during the veraison period, thereby delaying the harvest and obtaining high-quality, high-yield grapes. Regarding phenological development, the period between full bloom and harvest was the shortest under the 55% shading treatment, which also recorded the lowest mean temperature (28.54 °C) and the lowest Effective Heat Summation (EHS) value (1965.70 dd). The highest mean temperature (26.28 °C) was observed under the 75% shading treatment, while the highest EHS value (2401.05 dd) was recorded under the 35% shading treatment. In terms of yield compared to the control, the 35% shading treatment provided a 21.75% increase, the 55% treatment yielded a 57.44% increase, and the 75% treatment led to a 37.45% increase. Furthermore, it was determined that all shading treatments increased the macro- and micronutrient contents in grapevine leaves. Economic analyses for the Sinceri grape cultivar revealed that the shading treatments had a statistically significant effect on yield. In conclusion, the net cover with a 55% shading rate proved to be the most effective treatment.

Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-producing Escherichia coli, previously isolated only from clinical samples, is now also isolated from foods. This poses a major threat to public health and food safety. Food contamination is currently prevented with various chemical substances. However, due to their harmful effects, the usability of food-grade natural antimicrobials is being investigated. In this study, the antibacterial effects of Carvacrol, Alpha-Terpineol and Eugenol on Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolates isolated from chicken meat were examinated. Broth dilution and Well-Diffusion methods were used. As a result of broth dilution test of carvacrol, minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration values were determined as 0.78µL/mL. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration value was determined as 3.125-6.25 µL/mL; Minimum Bactericidal Concentration value was 3.125-12.5 µL/mL for Alpha-Terpineol. For Eugenol, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration value was 3.125-6.25 µL/mL, Minimum Bactericidal Concentration value was 6.25-12.5 µL/mL. When the Well-Diffusion test inhibition zones were examined, it was measured as 35-38 mm for Carvacrol, 18-23 mm for Alpha-Terpineol, and 22-30 mm for Eugenol. It was found that Carvacrol was the most effective, followed by Eugenol. In conclusion, the use of Carvacrol, Alpha-Terpineol and Eugenol products can be recommended in various applications to prevent the spread of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolates in the food chain.

Dünyada insanların üçte biri yeterli gıdaya erişememektedir. Ancak üretilen tüm gıdanın üçte biri ile yarısı arasındaki miktar çöpe gitmektedir. İsraf edilen gıda, küresel sera gazı emisyonlarının %8’ine neden olurken, asla tüketilmeyen bu gıdayı üretmek için tarım arazilerinin %30’u ve tatlı suyun %20’si kullanılmaktadır. Gıda israfının tedarik zinciri boyunca en çok gerçekleştiği kısım hanelerdeki israftır. Bu çalışmada genişletilmiş planlı davranış teorisi ile tüketicilerin gıda israfına yönelik davranışı modellenmiştir. Araştırmanın verileri kolayda örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen tüketicilerle yapılan web tabanlı anketlerle elde edilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde SPSS istatistik programı ve PLS tabanlı yapısal eşitlik modellemesi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre gıda israfının sonuçları konusunda farkındalık ve çevresel kaygılar; kişisel tutumlar, öznel normlar ve algılanan davranışsal kontrol üzerinde etkilidir. Kişisel tutumlar, öznel normlar ve algılanan davranışsal kontrol gıda israf etmeme niyeti üzerinde etkilidir. Gıda israfına yönelik davranışta, gıda israf etmeme niyeti, yiyecek fazlası ve özel günler etkilidir. Fikirlerin pazarlanması bağlamında, paydaşların sosyal sorumluluk davranışlarının, israfa yönelik farkındalıklarının, çevre bilincinin geliştirilmesi, sorumlu tüketim kavramlarının iletişiminin arttırılması sürdürülebilirlik için anlamlıdır

Milk and dairy products constitute essential nutritional sources for humans, particularly infants and children. From a public health perspective, it is therefore imperative that animal-derived milk remains free from residues that may pose risks to human health. This study aims to assess the presence of beta-lactam antibiotic residues in bovine milk. Between July and August 2023, a total of 180 raw cow’s milk samples were collected from six distinct locations (Ardahan, Göle, Çıldır, Hanak, Damal, and Posof) within the Ardahan region. The samples were obtained from milk collection tanks and cattle farms, with 15 samples collected from each location. Approximately 30 ml of milk per sample was placed in sterile plastic containers with lids, immediately transported to the laboratory, and stored at -20°C until analysis. The detection of beta-lactam antibiotic residues in the milk was performed using the ELISA method. The analysis confirmed the absence of beta-lactam antibiotic residues in all 180 raw cow’s milk samples. Consequently, this study indicates that raw cow’s milk from the Ardahan region is safe for human consumption. To ensure food safety and protect public health, it is recommended that training sessions be conducted to emphasise the importance of responsible antibiotic use and strict adherence to legal withdrawal periods for antibiotic-treated cattle. Additionally, the regular and systematic monitoring of antibiotic residues in milk is strongly advised.

The research is a survey using a 5-point Likert scale in which the importance, interest and satisfaction sub-dimensions of Veterinary Faculty students’ attitudes towards veterinary Biochemistry-I and Biochemistry-II courses are evaluated. The first part of the survey consists of demographic data, and the second part consists of 20 questions evaluating attitudes towards the biochemistry course. Surveys of 250 were conducted in the research. As a result, it can be said that students who study biochemistry regularly, daily or weekly, show more importance, interest and satisfaction in the biochemistry course than students who only study biochemistry when the exam approaches.

İpekböceği (Bombyx mori L.), yaklaşık beş bin yıldır geleneksel olarak ipek üretimi için yetiştirilen, ekonomik öneme sahip evcilleştirilmiş bir böcektir. İpekböceği, tam başkalaşım geçirerek yumurta, larva, pupa ve ergin olmak üzere dört yaşam evresini tamamlar. İpekböceği, larva döneminin sonunda ipek sanayinin ana ürünü olan kozasını salgıladığı ipekle örer. Koza örememe sendromu, larvaların genellikle olumsuz bir belirti göstermeden koza örme aşamasına kadar sağlıklı olarak gelişmesine karşın koza örememesi ve bir iki hafta daha yaşayıp ölmesi olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Koza üretimi yapılan ülkelerde son yıllarda yaygın olarak görülen bu sorun, ipekböceği yetiştiricilerinin yaklaşık bir ay besledikleri larvalarını koza örme aşamasında kaybetmelerine ve çok büyük ekonomik kayıplar yaşamalarına yol açmaktadır. Yapılan birçok çalışmada böcek büyümesini düzenleyici özellikleri olan pestisitlerin özellikle pyriproxyfen, fenoxycarb, methoprene gibi jüvenil hormon etkisine benzer etkiler gösteren yeni nesil geniş spektrumlu jüvenil hormon analoglarının çok düşük dozlarının bile ipekböceklerinde koza örememe sendromuna yol açtığı gözlenmiştir. İpekböcekleri, pestisitleri çoğunlukla bulaşık dut yapraklarını tüketerek almaktadır. Bulaşma da genellikle pestisitlerin dut ağaçları dışındaki bitkilere uygulanmalarından veya vektör kontrolü için yapılan pestisit uygulamalarından pestisitlerin taşınarak dut ağaçlarına ve yapraklarına ulaşmasından kaynaklanmaktadır. Bu makalede koza üretimi yapılan ülkelerde koza örememe sendromunun durumu ve yaşanan sorunlar, ipekböceği larvasının koza örememe davranışı ve bu süreçte gözlenen biyokimyasal değişiklikler, böcek büyüme düzenleyicilerinin ipekböceği larvasına ve koza üretimine etkileri ve koza örememe sendromu konusunda yapılmış çalışmalar özetlenmiş ve öneriler sunulmuştur.