Anatolia has a wide range of variety and species of grape due to its location is within the native lands of the grape. Turkey is one of the world’s major winegrowing centre because it has an important potential in terms of vineyards area and grape production. Today, people have turned to organic farming due to unbalanced population movements, depletion of natural resources, climate change, conscious consumption and food security. Organic agriculture is an agricultural system that aims to evaluate the future of human and ecosystem as an indivisible whole with healthy plant and animal production. Grape is in the first place in terms of trade among horticultural plants worldwide. In this context, grape is one of the most important of the 197 organic crops grown in our country. The large proportion of organic grapes produced in our country is dried and the organic dried grape is exported abroad. Therefore, the demands of the foreign market are great importance. With this research, the recent situation of organic viticulture in our country has been reviewed and suggestions have been made for improvements.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dam breed on lambs sired by Charollais rams and purebred Charollais lambs obtained via embryo transfer. Frozen Charollais semen and embryos, used to obtain crossbreed and purebred Charollais lambs, were imported from elite flock with pedigrees and progeny test in Canada.The study was conducted on the crossbred Charollais lambs born from Tushin, and Romanov F1 ewes (Romanov × Morkaraman), and Charollais lambs born from Awassi, Morkaraman and Tushin surrogate ewes. The data was collected on 61 lambs (23 Charollais: CH, 20 Tushin × Charollais: F1 CH and 18 Charollais × Romanov F1:COR) from birth to weaning. Average weights at birth for CH, F1 CH and COR lambs were 4.32 ± 0.18 kg, 4.17 ± 0.18 kg, 3.18 ± 0.19 kg and at the age of 60 days were 21.20 ± 1.07 kg, 20.94 ± 0.84 kg, 18.13 ± 0.91 kg, respectively. The genotype of dams significantly affected birth and weaning weights of crossbred lambs, but not average daily live weight gain (ADG). Litter size had constant significant effect on the traits evaluated. Survival rates of crossbred lambs from birth to weaning were affected by the dam genotype. Birth weights and survival rates of CH lambs born from embryo transfer were affected by recipient genotypes and Awassi ewes were found to be the best surrogate mothers.

Tarımsal destekleme politikaları ülkelerin tarım sektörünün sürdürülebilir olması açısından önemlidir. Politika araçları ülkeler ve dönemler bazında değişiklik gösterebilmektedir. Bu araştırmada, Türkiye’de arz açığı yaşanan ayçiçeği, soya, aspir ve kolza ekiliş alanlarına fark ödemesi desteklerinin etkileri araştırılmıştır. Araştırma, 1994-2016 yıllarını kapsamaktadır. Granger Nedensellik Testi ve Johansen Cointegration Testi’nden yararlanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, fark ödeme desteklerinin ayçiçeği üretici kararları üzerinde etkisi istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmuştur. Aspir, kolza ve soya ekiliş alanlarında ise etkisi önemli görülmemiştir. Ancak, incelemeye alınan ürünlerin cari fiyatları ile fark ödeme desteklerinin etkileşim içerisinde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Buna göre, geçmiş dönemlerde destekleme politikalarında yaşanan sorunlar da göz önünde bulundurularak fark ödemesi desteklerinin katılımcı bir yaklaşımla tekrar tartışılması önerilebilir. Söz konusu desteklerin sürdürülmesi piyasa fiyatları açısından koruyucu nitelikte olduğundan bir gereklilik olarak ifade edilebilir. Ancak, bir taraftan desteklerin bütçe içerisindeki yeri diğer taraftan üretici gelirlerine olan etkileri göz önünde bulundurularak dengeli bir politika yaklaşımından uzaklaşılmamalıdır.

Viticulture preserved its significance from the past to the present that have been ruled in all civilization the region of Van. The presence of carbonized grape seeds in the remains of the Early Iron Age tombs and cities gives information about the history of grape cultivation in Van and its vicinities. However, many of the local varieties described by the elderly are now unfortunately not seen in large areas. Some of the genotypes are no longer encountered, while many genotypes are observed in a few vineyards with a few vines. The grape genetic resources except Erciş variety in the region are threatened with extinction. In spite of many ecological factors that restrict crop production in the region, vineyard has existed for thousands of years and urgent precautions have to be taken to protect this genetic heritage bearing grape landraces close to standard genotypes. The region has been investigated by many researchers for many years and the determined local varieties have been investigated in detail in terms of morphological and pomological characteristics, chemical contents and nutrients and defined in terms of molecular or ampelographic aspects in different studies. With this review, it is aimed to recover the knowledge of these genotypes in a single study in using scientific studies made up to this day in the region. So that it is aimed to lead the steps to be taken in the establishment of a gene pool composed of these local varieties which are under the risk of extinction is increasing day by day. The study also includes information on local adaptations of some standard grape cultivars that have been planted in previous years.

In the drier farming regions of the world, where crop production is constrained by short growing period, unpredictable and short rainfall with sporadic run-off, in-situ rainwater harvesting is vital for successful crop production. In connection to this, a study was conducted in Fedis district of Oromia region during the main rainy seasons of 2015 and 2016 to evaluate the effects of in-situ rainwater harvesting techniques (Ridge Furrow (RF), Contour Ridge (CR), and Tied Ridge (TR)) on soil moisture conservation and grain yield of maize. A spilt-plot design was used and soil moisture content was measured at three growth stages of the crop to a depth of 60 cm with 20 cm interval. The results showed that water harvesting techniques significantly increased moisture conservation compared to the control, which was flat bed preparation. Averaged over the three stages, the TR, CR and RF treatments increased soil moisture storage by 134.59, 128.57, and 121.87%, respectively, compared to the control. The study also revealed that the in-situ rainwater harvesting techniques, due to the improved soil moisture storage, significantly affected grain yield of the maize. Averaged over the two years, the TR, CR, and FR increased the grain yield 143.14, 131.47 and 121.16%, respectively, over the control treatment. Therefore, in drier environments, such as Fedis, in-situ rainwater harvesting techniques can be recommended for better moisture conservation and subsequent improvement in crop production.

The study was achieved between May 2014 and April 2015 at the Karasu Creek located in the province of Sinop. It was conducted to determine anionic detergent pollution and some physicochemical properties (pH, temperature, conductivity, salinity, dissolved oxygen, total hardness, chemical oxygen demand, phosphate PO4-3, total nitrogen). The anionic detergent concentration of the stations was determined on a monthly basis. Seasonally averaged values of the anionic detergent was measured as the highest value in the autumn season. The lowest values of anionic detergent were found in stations in winter and spring. The increase in the concentration of anionic detergent is caused by population growth in residential areas, increased agricultural activities and rains, and that chemicals move to riverbed from terrestrial areas with rain water.

The study aims at estimating the effect of producers’ socio-economic characteristics and the farm structure on the probability of becoming a member of an agricultural organization. For this aim Ordered Probit Model was applied. The data of 2010 production period was collected from 66 dairy cattle farms through questionnaires based on stratified random sampling method. While 74.2% of producers were not a member to any organization, the remaining 18.2 and 7.6% were members of one and more than one organizations, respectively. The result of study showed that the variables of experience, education level, milk yields, milking machine existence, and record keeping rate increased the probability of becoming a member to any agricultural organization. Government financial, technical and educational supports towards increasing the number of cattle farms, with high educated and experienced labor and high productivity levels, which are associated in an agricultural organization, could promote the willingness of producers in the region in participating of agricultural organizations as a member.

Parametric approaches in statistical analysis assume that any given data are normally distributed. Therefore, the test of whether this conventional assumption is valid should be made in this context of the available data’s normality before being passed to the application of statistical tests. The paper is focused on the normality methodologies commonly used in literature, named Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Jarque-Bera, D’agostino, Anderson Darling, Shapiro-Wilk and Ryan Joiner. In the study, the seasonal maximum data from eight streamflow gauging stations in Yesilirmak Basin was used as material. The normality in the 59% of the whole data sets were obtained as the highest result by the Kolmogorov –Smirnov approach, when compared to the other normality tests considered in the study.

Hızla gelişen sanayi ve kentleşme çevrenin tahrip olmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu süreç şüphesiz ki tüm canlılar üzerinde olumsuz etkilere sahiptir. Nitekim mevcut tabiat alanlarının koruma altına alınarak başta o ekosistem içerisinde yaşayan canlılar olmak üzere, insanların da çeşitli gereksinimlerini karşılayabilecek alanlara dönüştürülmesi dünyamız için çok büyük bir önem teşkil etmektedir. Bu araştırma Gümüşhane ili sınırları içinde bulunan Limni Gölü Tabiat Parkı’nın rekreasyon potansiyelinin belirlenmesi amacıyla 2016 yılında yürütülmüştür. Çalışma sonucunda Limni Gölü Tabiat Parkı’nın sahip olduğu florası, faunası, temiz havası, alan içinde barındırdığı vista noktaları, ana ulaşım güzergahında bulunması, çevresinde bulunan turizm imkanlarının çeşitliliği, insan sağlığı üzerindeki olumlu etkileri gibi özellikleriyle orman içi rekreasyon potansiyelinin yüksek olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Alanda var olan ve insan eliyle değiştirilmesi mümkün olan çeşitli unsurların iyileştirilmesi ile ilgili önerilerde bulunulmuş ve alanın gelecekteki rekreasyon potansiyeline dikkat çekilmiştir.

This study is performed to determine some of sperm quality after applying freezing / thawing process. Thus, the aim of this study is to examine different cryprotective agents with additives in terms of their effects at different pH on the cryopreservation process of longspine scraper (Capoeta trutta). The present study, twelve media were prepared by mixing three different cryoprotectants (dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, (CH3)2SO); methanol (CH3OH); methyl glycol (MG, CH3O (CH2)2OH)) with an extenders (glucose) at four different pH (7.2, 7.6, 8.0 and 8.4) for longspine scraper semen. Considering the findings from the examination (The motility rate after thawing process and duration of motility obtained in DMSO as 81% and 20 min, in methanol as 73% and 12 min, in methyl glycol as 60% and 15 min.), we can conclude that the DMSO is the best freezing media in order to create new essays in cryopreservation for sperm of Capoeta trutta in the future.