Small walnut aphid (Chromaphis juglandicola (Kalt.) (Hem.: Aphididae) and Dusky-veined walnut aphid (Panaphis juglandis) (Goeze) (Hemiptera: Callaphididae) are important pests in walnut orchards in Lake Van Basin, Turkey. Aphids, which are colonized separately in the upper and lower parts of the walnut leaf, cause loss of quality and quantity in the walnut when their population is dense. In this study, population growth rate parameters based on feeding with both aphids of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), which is one of the important predators of the pest, were determined. The experiments were carried out in climatic rooms under 25±10°C, 65±5% humidity and 16: 8 (L: D) h (5,000 lux) lighting time conditions. Life table parameters were estimated according to age-stage, two-sex life table method. The values obtained for the intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), net reproductive rate (R0) and mean generation time (T) were 0.082 d-1, 1.082 d-1, 59.47 offspring and 49.76 d, respectively of C. carnea fed on Chromaphis juglandicola and Panaphis juglandis. Results obtained might be used in pest management program that will be prepared for the aphids.

Syria is a middle-income developing country with an economy that heavily depends on the food and agricultural sectors. However, with the recent Syria crisis/war, which started in March 2011, Syria’s food and agricultural industries have badly been affected. While the most of the processing factories and agricultural facilities such as industrial zones, food plants, greenhouses, irrigation canals and pumps have been damaged in the conflict areas, this resulted in a huge recession in the food and agricultural productivity of Syria. It is estimated that this will impact the country to meet the future food requirements as well. In this study, the agricultural and food potential of Syria was analysed based on agricultural area, available lands, irrigation, food sectors etc. for the future planning food policies.

In addition to the good adaptation of high temperatures and poor soils, cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) can be a good source of forage for livestock. This study was carried out to determine seed yield and some agronomical parameters of cowpea grown in different row spaces as double crop in Samsun ecological conditions. In the experiment, forage cowpea cultivar Ulkem and Line H-8 grown in four row spaces (20, 35, 50, 65 cm) in a Randomized Split Block Design with three replications. Seeds were sowed after harvesting wheat at July 13, 2017 and 15 July 2018. Seed harvest was made at October 20, 2017 and November 5, 2018. The results showed that seed yields ranged from 765 to 2178 kg ha-1 in 2017 and 397 to 1464 kg ha-1 in 2018. 1000 seed weight ranged from 161.17 to 183.93 g in 2017 and 146.40 to 160.90 g in 2018. In 2017 and 2018, mature pod ratio were 65.7 – 85.8, 30.0 – 60.3% respectively. Pod number per plant was between 5.66-15.00 pods/plant in 2017, 9.50-16.25 pods/plant in 2018. Seed number per pod was ranged from 8.80 to 12.43 seeds/pod in 2017, from 8.00 to 11.50 seeds/pod in 2018. Though the highest seed yields were obtained from 20 cm row space, it is risky cultivated cowpea for seed production as double crop in Samsun conditions because of earlier autumn rainfall and high humidity.

The field trials were conducted during the rainy and dry seasons of 2014 and 2015 to investigate the influence of population density and time of introduction of the component maize on the performance of garden egg/maize intercrop in Nigeria. The trial was laid as a randomised complete block design in a split-plot arrangement with 3 replications. The main plots were time of introduction of maize [2weeks before transplanting (WBT), same time with transplanting (STT) and 2 weeks after transplanting (WAT)] while 9 plant population ratios were the sub plots (100M: 100G, 100M: 75G, 100M: 50G, 100M: 25G 100M: 0, 0:100G, 25M: 100G, 50M: 100G, 75M: 100G). Intercropping system was evaluated using competitive indices and data collected on yield and yield components of both crops were subjected to analysis of variance. Maize sown STT garden egg had significantly high grain yield (3.70 t/ha) while the highest garden egg fruit yields of 40.96 t/ha was obtained when maize was introduced 2 WAT garden egg. This study recommends that, 50-75% maize should be introduced 2WAT of 100% garden egg during the dry season where irrigation facilities are available for optimal crops yields and minimal intercrop losses.

In this study, the microbiological quality of traditionally produced Bez Sucuk in Tokat and its vicinity was investigated. For this purpose, 30 Bez Sucuk samples obtained from butchers, producers of Bez Sucuk, were analyzed for total count of mesophilic aerobic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeasts-moulds, total coliform, fecal coliform, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Cl. perfringens. Also, the presence of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. were investigated in all samples. pH and water activity of the samples were determined. As the result of the analysis, the counts of the microbiological parameters investigated were found as follows: total mesophilic aerobic bacteria 3.5×106-4.23×109 CFU/g, lactic acid bacteria 5.55×105-2.45×109 CFU/g, yeasts and moulds 2.50×103-6.90×109 CFU/g, total coliform

The primary purpose of this study is whether gender, which is a culturally and socially defined concept, affects the perception of landscape architecture. Secondly, it is aimed to determine the preferences of the designs created in landscape architecture studies according to gender and to guide the questionnaire results in the creation of areas suitable for user requests during the design phase. The concept of admiration, preference and accompanying beauty, the effect it has on people according to gender, show various differences. These differences lead to perceptual selectivity in terms of colour, texture, form, functional and aesthetically depending on gender. Therefore, tastes and preferences are not expected to be a single judgment but to vary. Since there is no possibility of face-to-face surveys due to the current Covid-19 outbreak, online surveys were conducted on 220 people who can be reached in professional groups on social media. In the content of the questionnaire, the landscape design criteria and design elements were handled, and the visuals and preferences selected for each definition were directed to the participants as questions. According to the evaluated results, differences occurred in perceptual preferences depending on gender. In addition to the fact that there was no statistically significant difference between the preferences of women and men in terms of design criteria and elements, the preferences of both groups were combined in natural or close to nature forms. Considering the proportions, there was no obvious difference in design perceptions preferred by gender.

For about 10 thousand years, new varieties have emerged naturally or artificial in wheat. Factors for the development of new varieties are fertilization, machine use, changing taste preferences and adaptation to climate change and exc. In the study; Apogee variety, which is one of the most recently developed varieties, has low sensitivity to vernalization and photoperiod, and Einkorn and Emmer, which is one of the oldest known varieties, and Tosunbey variety, which has been developed in our country in recent years, were compared in terms of agronomic characteristics. The research was carried out at room temperature and field conditions with spring planting. At room temperature, Apogee variety reached harvest maturity in 87 days, Emmer variety’s in 140 days, Tosunbey variety’s in 116 days. Since Einkorn variety could not meet the need for vernalization, its development ceased at stem elongation stage. All varieties have completed their development by meeting the need for vernalization in field conditions. Apogee variety reached harvest maturity in 93 days, Einkorn variety in 118 days, Emmer variety in 108 days, Tosunbey variety in 115 days. In land conditions, Apogee varieties ripen later, while other varieties ripened earlier. Thousand grain weights were 24.3 g in Apogee variety, 17.3 g in Emmer variety, 26.7 g in Tosunbey variety at room temperature conditioning, 11.3 g in Apogee variety, 20.3 g in Einkorn variety, 24.7 g in Emmer variety and 26.0 g in Emmer variety at field conditioning. In field condition, thousand-grain weights of Apogee variety decreased seriously.

Kalite ve verim açısından karkas sınıflandırmasını sağlayacak olan bilgilerin net olarak elde edilebilmesi ancak hayvanların kesimi ve kesim sonrası ölçümlerin yapılması ile mümkün olabilmektedir. Kesim öncesinde yapılan öznel değerlendirmeler kesim sonrası için sadece birer öngörü ve tahmin niteliği taşımaktadır. Ancak kesim sonrasında nesnel yöntemler ile yapılan ölçüm ve değerlendirmeler sonucunda net bilgiler elde edilebilmektedir. Doğal olarak bu durum bir sınıflandırma sisteminin varlığını, görüntüleme sistemlerini, ölçüm sistemlerini, nitelikli ve bilimsel işgücü varlığını beraberinde getirmektedir. Karkas sınıflandırma sistemindeki eksiklikler hayvancılık ve gıda sektörü açısından önemli ekonomik kayıplara neden olmakla beraber tüketiciler açısından da lezzet, hedefe uygun beslenememe ve fiyatlandırma gibi birçok sorunu beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu derlemede; Türkiye’de sığır karkaslarının sınıflandırılmaları ve derecelendirmeleri ile ilgili mevcut durum, Avrupa Birliği ülkelerinde sığır karkas sınıflandırma ve derecelendirilmesi amacıyla kullanılan “S-EUROP” sistemi hakkında bilgilendirme ve karkas konformasyonu, yağlanma durumu ve karkas kompozisyonlarının belirlenmesi için kullanılan görüntüleme yöntemlerinden Ultrason, Bilgisayarlı Tomografi (BT), Manyetik Rezonans (MR), X-Ray Absorptiyometri, Optik Problar ve Video Görüntüleme Analizi (VIA) konuları hakkında bilgi verilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Agronomic practices for the newly released shallot variety have not been conducted in Eastern Ethiopia. To assess the effect of nitrogen fertilizer rates and intra-row spacing, a field experiment was conducted in 2017 which consisted of seven rates of nitrogen (0, 25, 50, 75,100,125 and 150 kg N ha-1) and three intra-row spacing (7.5, 10 and 12.5 cm) in factorial combination and it was laid out in a RCBD with three replications. Results of the analysis revealed that all bulb yield and yield components of the variety were highly significantly influenced by the main effects of nitrogen fertilizer and intra-row spacing. Moreover, the interaction of nitrogen fertilizer and intra-row spacing significantly influenced days to maturity, plant height, and average bulb weight and bulb dry matter. The application of 125 kg N ha-1gave high total and marketable bulb yield advantage of 32.45% (13.89 t ha-1) and 40.8% (15.47 t ha-1), respectively over the control. Plants spaced at 7.5 cm had total and marketable bulb yield advantage of 35.94% (14.54 t ha-1) and 32.83% (12.42 t ha-1), respectively over plants spaced at 12.5 cm. Therefore, intra-row spacing of 7.5 cm with the application of 125 kg N ha-1 is used for optimum yield in the study area although further research should be needed to come up with conclusive recommendation.

Fermented milk is known as a major functional food that has proven health benefits, such as probiotic effects. The fermented milk, laban, is the foremost dairy product in Yemen. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional and health-promoting properties and antioxidant activity of laban. Nutritional and health-promoting properties were estimated. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by measuring total polyphenol levels, 1.1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity, reducing power, and total antioxidant capacity. The antioxidant activity of a laban-Pulicaria jaubertii mixture was also determined. Results showed considerable quantities of nutrients, especially fats, in both milk and laban. The composition differences between milk and laban show several significant health-promoting properties for laban. Laban showed higher antioxidant activity than raw milk and the addition of P. jaubertii to the laban, increased antioxidant activity. The properties of laban suggested the potential use of laban as a promising functional food with excellent health benefits, especially when mixed with P. jaubertii.