The present study was planned to determine the effect of flock age on hatching results and chick quality in Ross 308 broiler parents. For this purpose, the eggs of three different flock age (30, 47, and 59 weeks of age) were used. A total of 450 eggs (50 × 3 for each group), including 150 eggs from each age group, were placed in the incubator as a coincidence. The number of alive chicks after hatching was determined and these chicks were classified into three quality groups as low quality, high quality, and discarded chicks. Non-hatched eggs were broken in order to control the fertility and determine the embryonic deaths. At the end of the study, the effect of the flock age on fertility rate (%), hatchability (%) and chick quality was found to be significant. However, the effect of flock age on hatchablity of fertile eggs and early, mid, and late-period embryo deaths were found to be insignificant. It was found that eggs obtained from the young breeders were higher in terms of fertility rate and hatchability than eggs obtained from old breeders. The chicks obtained from young breeders' eggs were determined as 33.60% high quality, 48.10% low quality, and 18.30% discarded chicks. These rates were 32.70%, 43.40%, and 23.90% in chicks obtained from middle-aged breeders, respectively, 56.10%, 36.40%, and 7.50% in chicks obtained from the old breeders. As a result, it was determined that there was a decrease in the hatching results in parallel with the increase in breeding age, but the chick quality increased.

The purpose of this study was to estimate the relationship between body weight (BW) and morphometric measurements of Ethiopian indigenous chicken populations and to develop prediction equations used to estimate BW from body measurements. A total of 621 chickens comprising 134 males and 487 females reared under smallholder management conditions were used for the study. Body weight and morphometric measurements including body length (BL), chest circumference (CC), shank length (SL), and shank circumference (SC) were taken using a hanging scale and a textile measuring tape, respectively. The relationship between BW and morphometric measurements was determined using Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r) and stepwise multiple regression analyses. Descriptive statistics indicated that male birds were heavier than female birds. Correlation results revealed that body weight was significantly and strongly correlated with SL (r = 0.76) in both sexes, and moderately correlated with SC (r = 0.69), BL (r = 0.67), and CC (r = 0.52) in male birds, BL (r=0.68) and SC (r = 0.59) in female birds. Compared to other measurements, SL best predicted BW in both male and female birds, with coefficients of determination (R2) = 0.58. Combining SL with other body measurements (BL, CC, and SC) generally improved the predictive power of the equation. Thus, multiple regression equations that included a combination of the four linear body measurements are more suitable for predicting BW of Ethiopian indigenous chicken populations.

Asparagus officinalis L. (Asparagus) is a species that belongs to Liliaceae family, 300 species grow naturally on earth and 12 species of it grow naturally in Turkey. Generally, above-soil and under-soil parts of some of its different species are used as a diuretic, tonic, heart sedative, demulsan, antidiarrheal, antidisenteric, galactagogue, aphrodisiac, antispasmodic in traditional treatment. In addition to that it is also consumed as a food. To date various pharmacological studies were conducted on many types of that species. However, no comprehensive study has been made on Asparagus species, including anatomical, morphological habitat and productive characteristics. In this study, morphological features of Asparagus as a medical aromatic plant in spreading areas, its raising environment features, economy, socio-economic status of producers, and contributions of its production on both household and local economy have been examined based on Kastamonu case. As a result, Kastamonu district has wide range with respect to climate, which helps Asparagus plant being cultivated in appropriate growing environments, having potential to provide opportunity to generate high earnings. But producers do not have adequate expertise to cultivate and grow it, lack of any relevant training/education, so efficiency is low and it does not have the value it deserves.

In this study, the medicinal and aromatic plants sector of the Hatay province was evaluated with the SWOT Analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats), and aimed to offer solutions for the development of the sector based on the opinions of the companies which are operating in the province. According to the research results, the rich natural vegetation of the province and its proximity to raw material resources, were found as the main 'strengths'. Insufficient incentives, lack of coordination, problems in accessing quality raw materials, and adulteration were found as the 'weaknesses'. Increase in demand and high added value potential, and the EXPO 2021 exhibition were found as the 'opportunities'. Security problems in the region due to the ongoing war in Syria were determined as the prominent 'threat'.

The present study aimed to determine the heavy metal cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) accumulations in muscle tissues, gills, gonads, liver, and other visceral organs (liver) of whiting fish (Merlanguis merlangus euxinus Nordmann, 1840) samples obtained by hunting from the Sinop (Black Sea) coasts. The mean cadmium value in muscle tissue, which concerns public health, was found to be 1.07±0.02 µg.kg-1, the chromium value was found to be 1.48±0.07 µg.kg-1, the nickel value was found to be 1.77±0.14 µg.kg-1, the lead value was found to be 5.38±0.29 µg.kg-1 while the mercury value was determined only in the gill and could not be determined in organs, and since it was below the limit values declared by international organizations for all metals, it was determined that it would not create adverse effects for human consumption. Also, examining the order of accumulation of heavy metals in tissues and organs from highest to lowest, it was sorted as liver> visceral organ> gill> muscle> gonad for cadmium; visceral organ> gill> muscle> liver> gonad for chromium; visceral organ> gill> liver> muscle> gonad for nickel; gill> visceral organ> liver> muscle> gonad for lead, while the mercury accumulation was detected only in the gill. Also, the data obtained as a result of the analyses made in the gonad is an important determination in terms of the effects of heavy metals on the reproduction of the species, as well as on the continuity of the population. Since the values determined in the other analyzed tissues were below the limit values reported by international organizations, the results showed that they do not pose any threat to human health in terms of workplace and time, type, and determined heavy metals.

Purpose: This study aims to reveal the comparative advantage of the selected countries in olive oil industry. These selected countries are the main olive oil producers and mainly located in Mediterranean Seacoast. Spain, Italy, Greece and Turkey will be the subject countries in this analysis and compared with each other in terms of their export performance and comparative advantage in olive oil industry globally. Olive oil industry has a volume of around 20 billion Euros every year. Design/methodology/approach: The data for the research was collected from mainly World Bank and trade ministries of subject countries. Revealed Comparative advantage Index (RCA) is used to compare the advantage of these countries in olive oil industry. These indexes found in this analysis will be added to the olive oil RCA indexes of these countries that are found in the previous researches. The obtained data were analyzed through RCA Index formula modeling. Findings:Consuming olive oil is increasing day by day over the world. The research results show that Turkey has comparative advantage in olive industry over Greece. Last few years, Turkey has improved its comparative advantage over Italy. Spain and Italy are the leading countries in olive oil industry in terms of comparative advantage. It has also been found that Turkey has consistently increase its advantage over the last decade. Practical implications: After the comparison of RCA indexes of Spain, Greece, Italy and Turkey, it is found that higher amount of production of olive oil is not enough itself to improve the competitiveness of a country in olive oil market. Branding, packaging and marketing activities that are supported by research and development expenditures are highly important factors for a consistent competitive advantage in olive oil industry. Olive oil consumers are highly motivated on the packaging and label of a product when it comes to olive oil. They usually trust Mediterranean brands comparing to others. Originality/value: The study answers the advantages of selected countries in terms of olive oil performance in global markets. Export performance of olive oil is much likely to improve the competitiveness of a country rather than a country that produces high volume of olive oil. Production itself is not enough to increase competitiveness of a country in olive oil market.

Bu çalışmada, tarım arazilerinin değerine etki eden faktörlerin belirlenmesi ve bu faktörlerin değer üzerindeki etki oranlarının tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda, Ankara ili Evren ilçesinde gayeli örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenen 104 adet işletme ile anket çalışması yapılmış ve tarım arazilerinin değerine etki eden faktörlerle ilgili görüşleri alınmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin analizinde AHP yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucuna göre arazi değerini etkileyen faktörler, arazi verimliliği %19,63, arazi genişliği %9,60, arazi şekli %4,47, arazi eğimi %3,63, arazinin yola uzaklığı %2,57, arazinin yerleşim yerine uzaklığı %2,84, arazinin sulama olanakları %30,38, arazi satışının hareketli olması %3,31, arazinin kadastro görmüş olması %2,70, arazinin yola cepheli olması %2,80 ve arazinin toprak yapısı %18,06 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda, tarım arazilerinin üretim kabiliyetlerine yönelik faktörlerin değer üzerinde daha etkili olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

In this study, the effects of grape seed extract on insulin, adiponectin and resistin levels in diabetic rats were aimed to investigate. Weight of about 300-350g 7-8 weeks 32 female Wistar Albino rats were used. Weight of about 300-350g 7-8 weeks 32 female Wistar Albino rats randomly divided into four groups of eight each: control group (C), group with diabetes (DM), grape seed extract group (GSE), diabetes mellitus and grape seed extract group (DM+GSE). The diabetic group 45 mg/kg single dose of streptozotocin was administered intraperitoneally, and the grape seed extract groups (DM+GSE and GSE) grape seed extract was given orally every day with an intragastric tube for 20 days (0.6 ml/rat). Blood samples were taken from the hearts of rat’s end of the experiment. The sera obtained were used for insulin, adiponectin and resistin analysis measured via ELISA with commercial kits. The insulin and adiponectin levels of the rats in the diabetes + grape seed extract group were found to be higher than those in the diabetes group. There was no significant change in the resistin level differences between the groups. As a result; It is possible to say that grape seed extract has an increasing effect on insulin level and adiponectin levels of diabetic rats are decreased due to diabetes and it has no significant effect on resistin levels. Detected by the positive effects of grape seed extracts, it may be useful to use for the regulating of the diabetes in human.

The aim of the study was to describe the scenario of the present condition of production and management system of dairy buffalo at Haor areas of Sylhet in Bangladesh. Data were collected between February 2019 and January 2020. Sixty dairy farmers and thirty indigenous dairy buffaloes were selected for the study purpose. All respondent farmers were male and 65% were in between 40 to 50 years of age. Parity number had a significant relation in response of body weight. Quality analysis of milk showed that buffaloes which were reared at Haor areas have more fat content on an average 7.88% than buffaloes which were reared conventional dairy farm containing 7.34%. Price of buffalo’s milk and meat were varied with the seasonal changes, lower in winter season. All farmers fed the buffaloes only with green grass in winter. Four major diseases of buffaloes were found in Haor areas where the percentage of foot and mouth diseases was 15.59% followed by black quarter (11.01%), anthrax (7.34%) and hemorrhagic septicemia (6.42%). The buffaloes were not dewormed so parasitic infestations dramatically increased and easily transferred from one to another. The farmers had not enough knowledge about regular vaccination. But in contrast with profitability, total benefit cost ratio from buffalo rearing was 1:1.56 annually.

Günümüzde artan nüfusun beslenme ihtiyacı birim alandan alınan ürün miktarının yani verimin arttırılması ile mümkündür. Ancak en az verim ve üretimin arttırılması kadar elde edilen ürünlerin uygun şekilde değerlendirilmesi ve tüketime sunuluncaya kadar depolanması da önemli bir konudur. Depolamadaki amaç, ürünün özelliklerini ve tazeliğini korumaktır. Ancak uygun koşullar sağlanmadan yapılan depolamalar büyük miktarda kalitatif ve kantitatif kayıplara neden olmaktadır. Bu kayıplar ürüne uygun depolama koşulları ve depo yönetimiyle azaltılabilir. Bu çalışmada Toprak Mahsulleri Ofisi Hayrabolu Şube Müdürlüğü Bölgesinde önemli bir üretim payına sahip olan buğdayın depolanmasında MAYDÜ kullanımının depolama koşulları ve ürün kalitesi üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre MAYDÜ’ de depolamaya etki eden etmenler ve buğday kalite özellikleri değerlendirildiğinde bu depoların kısa süreli depolamalar da kullanılması tavsiye edilebilir.