Antioxidants, usually contain phenolic groups, molecules may prevent the formation of free radicals or by blocking the radicals to prevent damage to the cell. Antioxidant molecules can be produced by the body or taken into the body through foods. Today, there are many different methods used to measure antioxidant capacity. In these methods, measurements are usually carried out by adding the tested substances into a solution containing free radicals. These methods can give different results depending on the characteristics of the reactant used. In this study, the reproducibility and consistency of five different antioxidant capacity methods (DPPH, ABTS, galvinoxil, phosphomolybdenum and FRAP) in commercially available and homemade turnip samples were tested. At the end of the study, antioxidant activities of the tested samples were evaluated. According to the evaluation of the antioxidant activities (from higher to lower) of these samples, the results of, DPPH, galvinoxyl, phosphomolybdenum and FRAP methods were very similar. However, ABTS method results showed difference compared to other method results. As a result of study, reproducibility and consistency of results of DPPH, galvinoxyl, phosphomolybdenum and FRAP methods were determined.

Farklı dozlarda biyokömür (BC) ve kadmiyum (Cd) uygulamalarının mısır bitkisinin verimine ve besin elementleri alımına etkilerinin araştırıldığı bu çalışma, sera koşullarında üç yinelemeli olarak 3 kg kapasiteli saksılarda yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada, kuşburnu çekirdeğinden elde edilen biyokömür (%0 ve %2 w/w) ve 4 farklı Cd dozu (0 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg, 4 mg/kg ve 8 mg/kg) uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada P2088 mısır çeşidi kullanılmış ve ekimden yaklaşık 60 gün sonra hasat işlemi gerçekleştirilmiş ve mısır bitkisinin kuru madde üretimi ile Cd, azot (N), fosfor (P), potasyum (K), kalsiyum (Ca), magnezyum (Mg), demir (Fe), çinko (Zn), mangan (Mn) ve bakır (Cu) konsantrasyonları belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, en yüksek kuru madde üretimi 27,52 g/saksı ile %2 BC ve 4 mg/kg Cd uygulamasında elde edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, araştırmada %0 BC uygulamasında artan Cd uygulamasıyla kuru madde üretimi azalırken, %2 BC uygulamasında bütün Cd uygulamaları kontrole oranla kuru madde üretimini arttırmıştır. Mısır bitkisinin N konsantrasyonu en yüksek %2,23 N ile %2 BC ve 0 mg/kg Cd uygulamasında belirlenmişken, en yüksek P ve K konsantrasyonları (%0,39 P ve %2,54 K) %0 BC ve 2 mg/kg Cd ile %2 BC ve 0 mg/kg Cd uygulamalarında tespit edilmiştir.

Bu çalışmada, farklı katlardaki kafeslerde barındırılan beyaz yumurtacı saf hat tavuklarda, kat farklığı ve damızlık yaşının, yumurta iç ve dış kalitesi üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Bu araştırmada, Ankara Tavukçuluk Araştırma Enstitüsünde, bireysel kafeslerde barındırılan toplam yüz elli adet beyaz yumurtacı saf hat tavuktan 24, 28, 32, 36 ve 40. haftalık yaşlarda elde edilen yumurtalar kullanılmıştır. Üç katlı bu kafeslerde üst, orta ve alt olmak üzere 3 farklı katta bulunan bu tavuklardan elde edilen 438 adet yumurta üzerinde; Şekil İndeksi, Yumurta ağırlığı (g), Ak yüksekliği (mm), Roche skala, Haugh birimi ve Kabuk mukavemeti (N) değerleri incelenmiştir. Ayrıca kafes katlarındaki sıcaklık ve nem değerleri 30 dakika arayla araştırma süresince kaydedilmiştir. Sıcaklık ve nem değerleri arasında önemli farklılıklar olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın yürütüldüğü yetiştirme dönemi içerisinde, şekil indeksi ve yumurta ağırlığı bakımından katlar arasında farklılık bulunmamakla birlikte, yaşın etkisi önemli bulunmuştur. Ak yüksekliği (mm) üzerine kafes katı farklığı ve yaşın etkisi önemsiz olarak belirlenmiştir. Roche skalası ile Kabuk mukavemeti (N) değerleri kafes katı farklığından ve damızlık yaşından önemli ölçüde etkilenmiştir. Genel olarak, Haugh birimi üzerine kafes katlarının etkisinin olmadığı ancak yaşın etkili olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

The studies were carried out to determine some morphologic characteristics of different wild type sunflower (Helianthus spp.) genotypes at Uludağ University, Faculty of Agriculture Department of Field Crops’ laboratory, green house and field conditions in 2017 and 2018. The 20 wild sunflower genotypes [H. annuus (1, 3, 4, 6, 8, 11, 13, 15, 16, 17, 23, 25, 26, 28), H. argophyllus (34 and 35). H. maximiliani (45), H. petiolaris subsp. fallax (50), H. petiolaris subsp. petiolaris (54) and H. annuus ssp. lenticularis (61)] obtained from USDA-America were used in the study. The highest and lowest average the plant height, the head diameter, the number of branches, stem thickness, the length of petiole and 1000 kernel weight values of some of the morphologic characteristics observed and measured in field conditions during two years changed respectively between 235.0-252.5 cm and 64.0-63.0 cm, 7.1-6.5 cm and 1.9-1.9 cm, 30.8-29.8 number and 11.8-8.1 number, 2.9-3.3 cm and 0.8-0.7 cm, 11.8-11.1 cm and 3.1-0.4 cm, 14.8-14.6 g and 5.6-0.8 g in 2017 and 2018. The characters e.g. the ray and disk flower color, head angle and shape, uniformity of flowering and maturity, bract shape, pollen fertility, pubescence at general appearance, branching and type of branching did not show clear differences within genotypes in two years.

In this study, input oriented efficiency analysis of soybean growing in Adana province was performed. Data were collected from 84 farmers with face to face survey method by using stratified sampling method. In the analysis of data economic analysis of soybean production was performed and after input use efficiency in soybean production was analysed by Data Envelopment Analysis. In addition, the distribution of expenditure and income components is examined according to the status of the enterprises being efficiency. According to the analysis results, the average soybean area width in Adana province is 121.78 and average soybean yield 430 kg/da calculated as. According to DEA with input oriented, technical efficiency was calculated as 0.881, pure technical efficiency as 0.950 and scale efficiency as 0.920.

The purpose of this study is to indicate and analyse the factors that affect the decision of the Prespa bean producers to implement Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) in their farmlands. Additionally, the social characteristics of the producers are analyzed in order to obtain a broader picture. To achieve the above objectives, a logit model was applied as well as descriptive statistics for the analysis of the personal and social characteristics of farmers. The research was conducted in the Florina Prefecture of Western Macedonia through questionnaires that were filled in during personal interviews with the producers. The results of the research showed that growing PGI (Protected Geographical Indication) products, attending training seminars, the educational level of the producers, the earned income, the communication and information by an agricultural engineer affect significantly the decision of the producers to apply Good Agricultural Practices.

Bu araştırma, Türkiye’de kuru dane olarak kullanımı için tescil edilen dört börülce çeşidinin bazı morfolojik ve tarımsal özelliklerini belirlenerek amacıyla 2013 ve 2014 yetiştirme sezonunda, Amik ovası koşullarında, tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre üç tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüştür. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, en yüksek bitki boyu (221,8 cm) ve en yüksek ilk bakla yüksekliği (43,6 cm) Sırma çeşidinden; en yüksek bitkide dal sayısı (4,0 adet), en yüksek bakla uzunluğu (14,9 cm), en fazla bitkide bakla sayısı (19,8 adet), en fazla bitkide tane sayısı (113,5 adet), en fazla yüz tohum ağırlığı (22,2 g) ve en yüksek tane verimi (275,2 kg/da) Amazon çeşidinden; en fazla baklada tane sayısı (6,2 adet) ve en yüksek hasat indeksi (%39) ise Karagöz çeşidinden elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca yapılan korelasyon analizi sonucunda incelenen bazı özellikler arasında istatistiksel olarak hem olumlu hem de olumsuz ilişkiler tespit edilmiştir. Dekardaki tane verimi göz önüne alındığında Amik ovası koşullarında denemede yer alan börülce çeşitleri içerisinde Amazon çeşidinin üreticilere tavsiye edilebileceği ortaya çıkmıştır.

In the present study, it is aimed to determine the current state of the goat raising businesses operating in the city of Uşak and in its provinces, their problems and to come up with suggestions for solutions to these problems. In the current study, as the sampling of the study, 132 goat-raising businesses were selected by means of stratified random sampling method and they were administered a questionnaire consisted of 83 questions. The data obtained from the analysis of the questionnaires have revealed that high majority of the goat-raisers are elementary school graduates (86.4%) and they generally raise Hair goat (89.4%). Moreover, it has also been determined that for the mating of goats, male goats are brought into the herd in September and October and this mating process occurs in the form of free insemination, the age for female goats to be used as stock is 15-18 months old, additional feeding and synchronization are not generally practiced and weaning of baby goats occurs when they are 3-4 months old. Births are usually given in February-March and milking also starts in this period and lasts 6 months on average, the lactation milk yield is 60-80 liters, milking is performed once a day with hand and the produced milk is mostly used in cheese production. Moreover, in goat raising, transhumance is not a common practice and high majority of the breeders apply regular protective vaccines. As in many other regions, many problems such as high feed prices, the difficulty in finding a shepherd and price fluctuations force goat breeders to quit. For goat raising to be sustainable, technical and economic supports given to breeders should continue and improve. If the feed can be supplied with the internal resources of the businesses and if their products can be marketed directly without using intermediaries then some of the problems can be alleviated. Putting greater emphasis on this issue and developing incentive policies will make contributions to goat raising. As a result of the present study, it was concluded that developing goat raising businesses operating mostly as small-scale family businesses in the city of Uşak to large-scale businesses where intensive production is made by providing the necessary incentives and subsides is of great importance.

This study was performed to determine the effects of the extracts of two alternative antimicrobial agents that do not harm the ecosystem (rosemary, Rosmarinus officinalis and aloe vera, Aloe barbadensis) when added to the feed of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) on the growth performance, proximate composition, and biometric characteristics. Rosemary extract was added to the experimental diet in ratios of 0.1%, 0.25%, and 0.5% while aloe vera extract was added to the experimental diet in ratios of 0.5%, 1%, and 2.5%. After 90 days of the feeding trial, no change was seen in the weight increase, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, condition factor, hepatosomatic index, or viscerosomatic index of the tilapia. The fact that proximate analyses did not differ between groups showed that the plant extracts did not adversely affect the health status of tilapia in the ratios used in this study. As a result, the addition of 0.1%, 0.25%, and 0.5% rosemary extract and the addition of 0.5%, 1%, and 2.5% aloe vera extract to tilapia feeds did not cause changes in the growth performance, biometric indexes, or chemical composition findings of the fish meat.