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KOP Bölgesi’nin Tarımsal Mekanizasyon Özellikleri النص الكامل
2020
Mehmet Zahid Malaslı | Çetin Palta | Zeliha Üstün Argon
KOP Bölgesi’nin Tarımsal Mekanizasyon Özellikleri النص الكامل
2020
Mehmet Zahid Malaslı | Çetin Palta | Zeliha Üstün Argon
Bu çalışma, Konya Ovası Projesi (KOP) Bölgesi’nin 2009-2018 yılları arasındaki tarım alet ve makina varlığı ile tarımsal mekanizasyon özelliklerindeki değişimin saptanması amacıyla ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın materyalini KOP Bölgesi’ndeki illerin 2009-2018 yılları arasındaki tarım alet ve makinaları istatistiksel verileri oluşturmuştur. 2009-2018 yıllarına ait traktör sayısı, traktör güç dağılımı ve tarım alanı değerlerinden yararlanılarak tarımsal mekanizasyon özellikleri ile bu özellikler arası ilişkiler belirlenmiş ve karşılaştırmalar yapılmıştır. Karşılaştırmalarda; ortalama traktör gücü (kW), birim alana düşen traktör gücü (kW/ha), 1000 hektar tarım alanına düşen traktör sayısı (adet/1000 ha) ve bir traktöre düşen tarım alanı (ha/traktör) kriterleri esas alınmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, KOP Bölgesi’nin 2009 ve 2018 yılları verileri sırasıyla, ortalama traktör gücü 38,21 kW ve 38,91 kW, birim alana düşen traktör gücü 1,21 kW/ha ve 1,56 kW/ha, 1000 hektar alana düşen traktör sayısı 31,75 adet/1000 ha ve 40,09 adet/1000 ha ve bir traktöre düşen tarım alanı 31,50 ha/traktör ve 24,94 ha/traktör olarak belirlenmiştir.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Indicadores de actividad biológica en suelos con diferentes grados de intervención en el Ecoparque Cerro de la Bandera النص الكامل
2003
Zapata Martínez, Cristian Fabián | Sánchez de Prager, Marina | Asakawa, Neuza Massae
En el Ecoparque Cerro de la Bandera, zona dedicada muchos años a la explotación carbonífera, se evaluó el efecto de dicha práctica sobre propiedades fisicoquímicas y flora microbiana de sus suelos. En tres zonas, bosque nativo (BP); zona intervenida en proceso de regeneración (BS); Zona erosionada (SE) se realizaron muestreos en octubre del 98 y enero del 99. Se presentaron diferencias altamente significativas entre los suelos intervenidos para las variables bacterias simbióticas y asimbióticas fijadoras de N2, mineralización del nitrógeno hongos formadores de micorriza (HMA) y biomasa microbiana. La actividad minera afectó condiciones físicas, químicas y biológicas de los suelos en BS y SE, situación que se reflejó en aumentos de densidades, detrimentos de materia orgánica, nitrógeno y fósforo, poblaciones microbianas y su actividad. A pesar del deterioro de los suelos BS y SE conservan una reserva de vida representada por su componente vegetal y microbiológico, los que se constituyen en elementos claves para posteriores actividades de regeneración de la zona.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Indicadores de actividad biológica en suelos con diferentes grados de intervención en el Ecoparque Cerro de la Bandera النص الكامل
2003
Zapata, CF | Sánchez de Prager, Marina | Azakawa, NM
En el Ecoparque Cerro de la Bandera, zona dedicada muchos años a la explotación carbonífera, se evaluó el efecto de dicha práctica sobre propiedades fisicoquímicas y flora microbiana de sus suelos. En tres zonas, bosque nativo (BP); zona intervenida en proceso de regeneración (BS); Zona erosionada (SE) se realizaron muestreos en octubre del 98 y enero del 99. Se presentaron diferencias altamente significativas entre los suelos intervenidos para las variables bacterias simbióticas y asimbióticas fijadoras de N 2 , mineralización del nitrógeno hongos formadores de micorriza (HMA) y biomasa microbiana. La actividad minera afectó condiciones físicas, químicas y biológicas de los suelos en BS y SE, situación que se reflejó en aumentos de densidades, detrimentos de materia orgánica, nitrógeno y fósforo, poblaciones microbianas y su actividad. A pesar del deterioro de los suelos BS y SE conservan una reserva de vida representada por su componente vegetal y microbiológico, los que se constituyen en elementos claves para posteriores actividades de regeneración de la zona.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Indicadores de actividad biológica en suelos con diferentes grados de intervención en el Ecoparque Cerro de la Bandera النص الكامل
2014
cf zapata | nm azakawa | marina sánchez de prager
CF Zapata, Marina Sánchez de Prager, NM Azakawa, 'Indicadores de actividad biológica en suelos con diferentes grados de intervención en el Ecoparque Cerro de la Bandera', Acta Agronómica, 2014 | En el Ecoparque Cerro de la Bandera, zona dedicada muchos años a la explotación carbonífera, se evaluó el efecto de dicha práctica sobre propiedades fisicoquímicas y flora microbiana de sus suelos. En tres zonas, bosque nativo (BP); zona intervenida en proceso de regeneración (BS); Zona erosionada (SE) se realizaron muestreos en octubre del 98 y enero del 99. Se presentaron diferencias altamente significativas entre los suelos intervenidos para las variables bacterias simbióticas y asimbióticas fijadoras de N 2 , mineralización del nitrógeno hongos formadores de micorriza (HMA) y biomasa microbiana. La actividad minera afectó condiciones físicas, químicas y biológicas de los suelos en BS y SE, situación que se reflejó en aumentos de densidades, detrimentos de materia orgánica, nitrógeno y fósforo, poblaciones microbianas y su actividad. A pesar del deterioro de los suelos BS y SE conservan una reserva de vida representada por su componente vegetal y microbiológico, los que se constituyen en elementos claves para posteriores actividades de regeneración de la zona
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Virtual Analysis on Proximate Body Composition of Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala النص الكامل
2020
Muhammad Atif Sikandar | Zaigham Hassan | Abdul Basit | Raees Khan | Fethi Ahmet Ozdemir
Virtual Analysis on Proximate Body Composition of Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala النص الكامل
2020
Muhammad Atif Sikandar | Zaigham Hassan | Abdul Basit | Raees Khan | Fethi Ahmet Ozdemir
Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala are the two Indian major carps and chief components of polyculture system in the local population. Proximate body composition is the analysis of water, fat, protein and ash contents of fish. Values are vary considerably within and between species, size, sexual condition, feeding season and physical activity. The percentage of water is a good indicator of its relative contents of energy, proteins and lipids. Determination of some proximate profiles such as protein content, lipid, ash and other nutrients is often necessary to ensure that they are within the range of dietary requirement and commercial specifications. Based on this background the present study was aimed to evaluate the nutritional value of some major craps (Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala) fishes of Peshawar Carp Hatchery and training centre Sherabad. The proximate composition of Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala samples were determined and data was evaluated statistically by performing t-test through Sigma Plot and graphs were made by using Graph Pad Prism. The average value of crude protein for Cirrhinus mrigala was found higher than Labeo rohita (51.7% and 39.04%) similarly the water contents were also found higher in Cirrhinus mrigala than Labeo rohita (75.88% and 73.95%). The average value of dry matter and muscle fats contents were lowered in Cirrhinus mrigala than Labeo rohita (24.11% and 26.04%) and (13.00% and 13.45%) respectively. However, the ash contents were similar in both of experimental species (23.91% and 23.93%). From these results, it is concluded that both Cirrhinus mrigala than Labeo rohita are very proteineous and have low fats contents so it is very good for the health of consumers. Further research is recommended on the other parameters and miss rays of this work.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Evaluación de doce materiales de cebolla de bulbo (Allium cepa L.) para deshidratación النص الكامل
1986
Gallego S., Daniel | Sandoval A., Héctor L. | Palacios V., Yolanda
The objective of this assay was the introduction of materials of bulb's onion (Allium cepa L.), for short day, to dehydrate. Observations to determinate their field behavior, and laboratories analysis to determinate their industrial characteristics were realized. | El objetivo del ensayo fue la introducción de materiales de cebolla de bulbo (Allium cepa L.) de día corto para la deshidratación. Se realizaron observaciones de campo y análisis de laboratorio para determinar sus cualidades industriales.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Structural Characteristics, Mechanization Applications, Problems and Solution Suggestions of Poultry Houses of Broiler Chickens in Bolu Central District النص الكامل
2020
Kerem Aytimur | Ebubekir Altuntaş | Sedat Karaman
In this study, structural characteristics, mechanization applications, problems and solution suggestions of poultry houses of broiler chickens in Bolu central district were investigated. The surveys were conducted in a total of 200 broilers in 8 villages (Oğulduruk, Taps, Değirmenbeli, Çivril, Banaz, Yakuplar, Vakıfgeçitveren and Çaygökpınar) where the broiler production of the central district of Bolu was intensively produced. The field work for the surveys was conducted in February-April 2018. In the broiler houses surveyed in the central district of Bolu, it was determined that the capacity was generally in the range of 5.000 ≤ Capacity < 20.000 (74%), and nearly all of the houses (96.5%) were in the east-west direction. It was determined that the concrete materials are used in the foundations of all the houses examined, and %79 Sandwich panel on the walls and 86.5% of the poultry houses are used mechanical ventilated, in 70% of the poultry houses have 9 and more fans for ventilation, and in all of the poultry house are used luminaires for illumination.It was determined that 91.5% of the poultry houses had a tractor, 96% of the poultry houses had full automatic watering, and nipple drinker with lifting system was used and 87.5% of the poultry houses had honeycomb (Ped) application. It was determined that the number of animals placed in 1 m² was 16-18 (42.5%). It was determined that 15.5% of the problem, 13% of deficiency of information with the broiler houses, 20% of credit and debt problems. Then, there should be a solution to the problem of disease among the producer problems in the enterprises examined and the credit facilities should be improved. In addition, manufacturers need to be informed according to new technological developments in information deficiencies.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Investigation of Pulsed UV Light Effects on Turkey Salami النص الكامل
2020
Emre Hastaoğlu | Özlem Pelin Can | Ayşe Sena Özmen
Investigation of Pulsed UV Light Effects on Turkey Salami النص الكامل
2020
Emre Hastaoğlu | Özlem Pelin Can | Ayşe Sena Özmen
Pulsed UV light application has been a method used frequently in ensuring food safety recently. UV treatment is used in many areas including the food industry through UV treatment and high inactivation power. Pulsed UV light, which is an effective microbial inactivation method that takes place in a shorter time in solid and liquid foods, as it is accepted as an alternative to continuous UV light application, is a promising alternative to both chemical and thermal decontamination methods in the food industry. In this study, pulsed UV light was applied on ready-to-consumption packaged turkey salami samples. In order to ensure food safety and reduce consumer anxiety, the effect of pulsed UV light application of different time and distance on turkey salami slices contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes in equal thickness in order to use UV light was investigated. The effect of pulsed UV application on the microbial inactivation efficiency of the salami surface and the quality of the salami were evaluated. In pulsed UV light system, 3 different distances of quartz glass to samples will be 5-8-13 cm and sliced salami in 3 different periods of 15-30-60 sec. The results of the study showed that pulsed UV light method could be used effectively in inactivation against L. monocytogenes on the salami surface as an alternative to thermal and chemical methods. It was determined that L. monocytogenes inactivation increased as the distance to the quartz lamp decreased and the application time and total energy dose increased. The highest inactivation was obtained after 5 cm 60 sec pulsed UV light treatment.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]La conductividad hidráulica del suelo estudiada en el Valle del Cauca con el nuevo indicador del USDA النص الكامل
2005
Lozano, Jaime | Madero, Edgar | Tafur, Harold | Herrera, Oscar | Amézquita, Edgar
El estudio se llevó a cabo en cuatro suelos (Typic Pellustert, Cumulic Haplustoll, Petrocalcic Natrustalf y Fluventic Haplustoll) del Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Colombia, utilizando una malla flexible anidada de 68 puntos de muestreo en dos profundidades (superficial y zona de menor penetrabilidad). El índice “Rosettaâ€? de conductividad hidráulica saturada se calculó mediante una función de pedotransferencia que conjuga densidad aparente y textura, y trae la opción de trabajar con la curva característica del suelo. Para validarlo se estudió el grado de correlación lineal, con los siguientes testigos: infiltración básica por anillos infiltrómetros, conductividad hidráulica saturada deducida a partir de la parte final de la curva de lámina acumulada obtenida de la prueba de infiltración, la calculada a partir del flujo saturado en los pozuelos y la determinada por el método del permeámetro de cabeza constante. Con el fin de explicar la variabilidad del índice, se estudió la relación multivariada con otras propiedades físicas. Este índice de conductividad hidráulica no tuvo aplicación en estos suelos dadas sus bajas correlaciones con los testigos. La variabilidad dependió en gran medida de la estructura, la textura, la consistencia y el drenaje. ABSTRACT The hydraulic conductivity of soil studied in the “Valle del Caucaâ€? with the new indicator of the USDA. A study was carried out in four soils (Typic Pellustert, Cumulic Haplustoll, Petrocalcic Natrustalf y Fluventic Haplustoll) of the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Colombia, using a nested flexible mesh of 68 points of sampling in two depths (superficially and a zone of small penetration). The index “Rosettaâ€? of hydraulic conductivity was calculated by the pedotransfer function that conjugates bulk density and soil texture, and brings the option to work with the soil curve characteristic. In order to validate it was studied the degree of linear correlation with the following checks: basic infiltration by infiltrometer rings method, saturated hydraulic conductivity deduced from accumulated intake curve obtained of the test of infiltration, the calculated from the saturated flow in the pozuelos and hydraulic conductivity saturated by the method of permeameter of constant head. With the purpose of explaining the variability of the index, was studied the multivariate relation with other physical properties. This index of hydraulic conductivity did not have application in these soils due to low correlations with the checks. The variability depended to a great extent on the structure, soil texture, consistency and drainage. Key words: Rosetta index of hydraulic conductivity, pedotransfer functions.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Mathematical Modelling of Thin Layer Drying of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Varieties at Different Temperatures النص الكامل
2020
Muhammed Taşova | Hakan Polatcı | Mahir Özkurt
In this study, the average drying times of the Frigos, Bilensoy, Nimet and Prosementi alfalfa varieties were determined by drying in a convective dryer (50, 60 and 70°C) and in the open (sun). In addition, the most suitable thin layer drying models were determined, which are important in controlling the drying processes and developing new product-specific dryers. In drying processes, the moisture content of the product was dried up to 10% compared to the wet base. The first moisture contents of the specified varieties according to the wet base are respectively; 76.20, 75.88, 76.13 and 75.07%. In drying processes, it was determined that drying method and temperatures changed average drying times. The longest drying times were determined in the Frigos variety, which was laid in the sun and dried. When the Frigos variety was dried in the oven at 50, 60 and 70°C, the average drying times were determined as 11, 10 and 6 hours. Time-dependent moisture ratios were determined, processed in thin layer drying models and the mathematical model that best predicts drying curves was determined. While creating curves, Page, Midilli, Yağcıoğlu models were used. While acceptable reliability values were found as in all models, among the models, the highest stability value (R2) was found by Midilli was found in equality.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Effects of Adding Eggshell Powder and Olive Seed Powder to Biscuit Formulation on Some Quality Properties النص الكامل
2020
Ertan Ermiş | Betül Kevser Tuğla | Büşra Külsoy
Effects of Adding Eggshell Powder and Olive Seed Powder to Biscuit Formulation on Some Quality Properties النص الكامل
2020
Ertan Ermiş | Betül Kevser Tuğla | Büşra Külsoy
In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the effects of adding olive seed powder (OSP) and eggshell powder (ESP) to whole wheat biscuit formulation on some of the physico-chemical, chemical, textural and sensory properties. Incorporation of powder materials was done by adding to biscuit dough at prespecified concentrations of OSP (7.5% and 15%) and ESP (2.5%) based on total wheat flour. The data obtained from this study revealed that fortification with powder materials affected protein and moisture content of final product. Additionally, adding powder materials to whole wheat biscuit formulation increased the total amount of phenolics and antioxidant activity significantly. Results of instrumental colour analysis indicated that fortification increased darkness and redness when compared with the control. Sensory analysis data indicated that non-fortified and fortified samples provided similar sensory attributes.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Influence of the relationship among nutrients on yield of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) clones | Influencia de las relaciones entre nutrientes sobre el rendimiento en clones de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) النص الكامل
2016
Puentes Paramo, Yina Jazbleidi | Goméz Carabalí, Arnulfo | Menjivar Flores, Juan Carlos
Relations among nutrients affect the plant nutrition, promoting growth and yield of crops. There-fore, this study aimed to determine the influence of the relationships among foliar nutrients on the yield of four clones of fine cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) two clones self-incompatible, TSH-565-ICS-39, and two self-compatible, CCN-51-ICS-95. Different doses of fertilization was applied to determine which of this ratio nutrients more affect the yield, for that, was used a randomized complete block design with five treatments (TC (control), T1, T2, T3, T4 were successive incre-ments of NPK respectively 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the TC) and four replications was used. Results show differences a level leaf in nutrient concentration under the influence of clone, treatment and interaction clone*treatment; the effect clone in P, Mg2+, B, Mn2+ and Zn2+; the effect treatment in all nutrients and effect interaction clone*treatment in N, P, Mg2+, B, Fe2+, Mn2+ and Zn2+; this indicates that the applied fertilizer levels influencing the availability and absorption of nutrients. Overall all clones have affinity for Mg2+, S2+, P; in different order of pref-erence for N, K+, Ca2+ and the minor elements for Mn2+, Fe2+, Zn2+, Na+, B and Cu2+, except TSH-565. From the sixty six relationship among nutrients studied at the foliar level, it was found that the relationships are associated with more performance are: N/Mg, N/P, N/S, N/K, the first two are positive and the remainder negative yield. | Las relaciones entre nutrientes afectan la nutrición de las plantas, favoreciendo el crecimiento y el rendimiento. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la influencia de las relaciones entre nutrientes a nivel foliar, sobre el rendimiento de cuatro clones de cacao fino (Theobroma cacao L.), dos clones autoincompatibles, TSH-565–ICS-39, y dos autocompatibles, CCN-51–ICS-95. Se aplicaron diferentes dosis de fertilización para determinar cuál de estas relaciones afecta más el rendimiento, para ello se utilizó un diseño en bloques completos al azar con cinco tratamientos (TC (control), T1, T2, T3, y T4) consistentes en incrementos sucesivos de NPK, respectivamente de 25%, 50%, 75% y 100% sobre el tratamiento control (TC) y cuatro repeticiones. Los resultados muestran diferencias en la concentración de nutrientes a nivel foliar por influencia del clon, tratamiento e interacción clon*tratamiento; por efecto del clon en P, Mg2+, B, Mn2+ y Zn2+; por efecto del tratamiento en todos los nutrientes y por efecto de la interacción clon*tratamiento en N, P, Mg2+, B, Fe2, Mn2+ y Zn2+; lo cual indica que los niveles de fertilización aplicados influyen en la disponibilidad y absorción de nutrientes. En general todos los clones presentan afinidad por Mg2+, S, P; en diferente orden de preferencia por N, K+, Ca2+ y en los elementos menores, por Mn2+, Fe2+, Zn2+, Na+, B y Cu2+. De las sesenta y seis relaciones entre nutrientes estudiadas a nivel foliar, se encontró que las relaciones que más se asocian con el rendimiento son: N/Mg, N/P, N/S, N/K; las primeras dos tienen efecto positivo y el resto efecto negativo sobre el rendimiento.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]How Do Foliar Application of Melatonin and L-Tryptophan Affect Lettuce Growth Parameters Under Salt Stress? النص الكامل
2020
Fatih Hancı | Gizem Tuncer
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exogenous Melatonin (100, 300 and 500 µM) and L-tryptophan (125, 250, 375 ppm) applications on some growth parameters of lettuce plants grown under salt stress. The study was carried out under semi-controlled greenhouse conditions in spring (March/April) season. The exogenous applications to lettuce plants were carried out two times as foliar spraying. Salt stress was generated by adding NaCl (0 mM, 100 mM, 200 mM) to irrigation water. The complete randomized design was used with three replications in this experiment. At the end of the study, it was found that the highest doses of exogenous applications had the highest effect on the parameters of the number of leaves, salinity necrosis, fresh leaf weight, fresh root weight, and total surface area of lettuce plants under 200 mM salinity condition. When the effects of the subtract on these values were compared, the effect of melatonin was found to be more pronounced. Leaf width, leaf length, and leaf surface temperature values were not affected by the external application. These values only changed depending on salt concentration. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the application of 500 µM melatonin significantly increased salt tolerance in lettuce plants. However, in order to reach a more general conclusion, the dose ranges and genotype/variety numbers should be increased.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Structural Modifications of the Small Intestine of the African Giant Rat (Cricetomys gambianus, Waterhouse): Implications for Dietary demands and Improved Domestication النص الكامل
2020
Samuel Gbadebo Olukole | Olatunji-Akioye Adenike Olusola | Oluwaseyi Oyeniyi Owolabi | Oke Bankole Olusiji
The African giant rat (Cricetomys gambianus, Waterhouse) is a wild rodent in sub-Saharan Africa widely hunted as popular meat delicacy. Domestication of this rat has been poor, probably due to nutrition among other factors. Developmental studies of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum as well as investigations of diet-based structural modifications of the small intestine were carried out in the rats using neonates, juveniles and adults with the aim of providing useful research information which could lead to improved domestication. The mean body weights of the animals were 39.67±1.45 g, 225.00±25.00 g and 742.90±62.13 g, respectively for the neonate, juvenile and adult rats. Significant differences were also observed in the villus height, villus width and crypt depth between the neonates and juveniles, unlike between juvenile and adult rats. These changes in intestinal morphology between the neonate and juvenile rats could be a measure of the neonates’ adaptation to shifts from digestion of maternal milk to the consumption of solid and semisolid forages. Respectively for neonates, juvenile and adult rats, 188%, 228% and 30% increases in villus height for the duodenum, jejunum and ileum respectively, were observed. This is suggestive of larger surface area of the small intestine for digestion and absorption. This study elucidates the structural modifications of the small intestine which can be applied to dietary modifications in response to age in an effort to achieve a more successful domestication of the animal.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Determination of Microbial Activity and Quality Traits of Eggs Coated with Propolis النص الكامل
2020
Sezai Alkan | Ömer Ertürk | İsmail Türker
Eggs were coated with propolis in order to determine its effect on egg quality and total bacterial count. Effect of storage time prior to propolis coating was also studied. Eggs were obtained from a local farm, coated with 0, 3, 6 or 9% of propolis and stored at 4 ºC with a humidity of 75% for 30 days. A total of 18 eggs were used for egg quality traits and 6 eggs were chosen for microbial activity for each group. Bacteria were recovered with sterile cotton swabs from egg surfaces. Colonies with different morphology and color were detected. 11 bacterial species were determined following the characterization of 14 isolates. Elevated levels of bacterial counts were detected for daily eggs, which were significantly higher than those stored for 30 days. The quality traits of the daily eggs have also been found higher compared with the other groups. It was observed that coating the eggs with varying concentrations of propolis lead to significant differences in the total bacterial counts of the eggshells. Moreover, the egg quality traits which decreased with the increase in storage time have not been further affected with propolis coating.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Factors Effecting Rural Women’s Entrepreneurshıp in Local Markets: The Case of Samsun Province, Turkey النص الكامل
2020
Sema Ezgi Yüceer | Kürşat Demiryürek
The aim of this study is to determine the entrepreneurship potential of women, define the factors that lead rural women to become entrepreneurs in local markets and reveal the problems faced by rural women during their entrepreneurship activities. Alaçam ve Bafra districts of Samsun province were purposefully selected as research area where women entrepreneurs concentrated and the primary data were collected with face to face interviews with all women (total of 75) in the markets. According to the findings; women have stated that they started their career in the marketplace through the direction of their own decisions (32.0%). When the thoughts of doing business other than their profession were examined; they wanted to open a garment workplace (16.6%). 43.0% of marketers stated that they were satisfied with their profession and 54.0% of them perceived the market as permanent profession due to being a profitable business and raising their revenues. Three major obstacles for women entrepreneurs were defined as; limited or inadequate funds, professional insufficiency due to low formal educational level and lack of experience, respectively. Private loans can be provided to women entrepreneurs thus; it can increase their funds. Institutions and organizations, which provide active support, may also increase trainings devoted to women who have lack of experience.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]