Generalized Procrustes Analysis (GPA) is a multivariate statistic method that is used at the evaluation of sensory analyses in the food industry. GPA provides benefit in terms of decreasing the difference between the panellists and bringing the data obtained from different panellists together. In this study, the aim was to determine the effect of a pre-slaughter fasting period on sensory characteristics of lambs fed with different rations using GPA. Semi-trained panellists formed from twenty-six persons were requested for evaluation of the meat samples such as tenderness, juiciness, flavour and overall liking rated on a scale of 1(extremely dislike) to 9 (extremely good). The first two factors obtained by GPA explained 66.74% of total variability. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that 12 h and 24 h fasting of lambs fed barley supplemented with alfalfa hay were less preferable when compared to lambs fed alfalfa hay only. In addition, lambs in both groups with 48 h fasting were preferred less by the panellists. In conclusion, GPA analysis provides useful data concerning the sensitivity of each panellist in a sensory panel test.

In Turkey, the Rosary (Neem) tree, known as the Melia azedarach L. is a type of evergreen plant. In the world, four different species of tree grows native in India, Burma, Pakistan, South Asia, and Australia. In our country, the Neem tree (Melia azedarach L.) grows naturally in tropical zones with light yellow fruit and green leaves. Fruits can reach maturity in September-October morphologically. Neem oil from fruits and powder from fruits and leaves are the main products which are traded in abroad as organic substances. In this study, neem fruit was investigated to obtain the neem oil from Melia azedarach L. in details such as moisture content (MC), drying rate (DR), moisture ratio (MR), Azadirachtin amount (AZ) and macro and microelement parameters. The fruits were collected from locally Turkey and de moisturized in the greenhouse for one week than dried in Infrared cabinet dryer to obtain the neem oil. The Azadirachtin amount results were found 46.1; 45.4; 48.4 (mg/g) through three replications.

In this study, the most suitable mantle part and host mussel species for pearl sac formation were determined. A total of 400 mussels, consisting of four different types (Unio terminalis, Potamida littoralis, Leguminaia wheatleyi and Anodonta pseudodopsis) were used. The average dorso-ventral lengths of the mussels were respectively; 7.89±0.25; 7.28±0.38; 10.68±0.27 and 11.14±0.34 cm. Mantle tissue slices in the size of 3×3 mm obtained from the pallial edge of mantle tissue were used as grafts. Two different mantle sections were identified for graft implantation, one being the mantle cavity and the other was incisions on the mantle tissue. At the end of the three-month pearl culture, the mantle cavity section was identified as the best graft implant site. U. terminalis was determined as the most successful species in terms of survival rate and pearl formation. P. littoralis was the second successful species and L. wheatleyi was the lowest among the species. This study is a guide for long-term pearl production on nacre thickness and quality which are considered important in pearl production.

Pulses in Pakistan is used in combination with cereals to balance the diet. Its area and production is decreasing for last many years. In the barren and partly arid regions, water shortage is the major component that restricts yield. Using of drought resistance plant is one of the best ways for good cultivation under drought condition. As the pulses have great nutritional and economical values and drought stress affect their morphological features. The legume yield is mostly cultured in rain fed region of the Punjab where they bear a slighter quantity of water situation resulting in low yield of bean. To overcome these problems it is necessary to get knowledge about the performance of different lines of different pulses crops under water stress conditions. That’s why in this paper the information about the previous literature has been discussed.

Bu araştırmada amaç, Giresun İli Bulancak İlçesi fındık üreticilerinin tarım sigortası yaptırma durumları ve fındıkta sigorta yaptırmayı etkileyen bazı faktörlerin belirlenmesidir. 138 üretici ile çalışılmıştır. Bölgede fındık üretim alanlarında don, dolu ve rüzgârdan dolayı sık sık ürün kayıplarıyla karşılaşılmaktadır. Araştırmaya dâhil olan fındık üreticilerinin %97,83’ü doğal afetle karşılaşmış ve kayba uğramıştır. Üreticilerinin %84,78’i tarım sigortası hakkında bilgi sahibidir. Ancak çoğu (%60,87) tarım sigortası yaptırmamaktadır. Bu araştırmada tarım sigortası yaptırmada etkili olan faktörler Binary Logit analizi ile test edilmiştir. Üreticilerin sigorta yaptırmada istatistiki olarak olası etkili olan faktörler ise; üreticilerin sahip oldukları arazi büyüklüğü, yıllık tarımsal gelirleri, sürekli afet riski ve maliyetlerin yüksek olma durumu olarak belirlenmiştir.

Adana province is very suitable for honey bee (Apis mellifera) breeding in terms of climate, geographic structure and rich flora. This study was carried out to investigate of beekeeping structure in Adana. The research was carried out as a questionnaire with technical questions related to technical beekeeping by visiting 169 beekeepers in Adana. In this study, a questionnaire consisting of multiple choice and open-ended questions were used as a data collection method. This survey were obtained data on beekeepers personal information, educational status, reasons for starting beekeeping, how many years they have been beekeeping, recognition of bee diseases and pests, and reared bee species. It is an effort to depict the technical and economic characteristics of province beekeeping practices in order to discover the overall structure of beekeeping in the province. According to the results of the survey, 99.4% of beekeepers’ gender were male, average age 47.77, 58.5% of beekeepers’ education level were primary school, beekeeping experience averaged 19.22 years and colony numbers were 293.21 per beekeeper. Furthermore, the problems of beekeepers were tried to determine.

Antioxidants, usually contain phenolic groups, molecules may prevent the formation of free radicals or by blocking the radicals to prevent damage to the cell. Antioxidant molecules can be produced by the body or taken into the body through foods. Today, there are many different methods used to measure antioxidant capacity. In these methods, measurements are usually carried out by adding the tested substances into a solution containing free radicals. These methods can give different results depending on the characteristics of the reactant used. In this study, the reproducibility and consistency of five different antioxidant capacity methods (DPPH, ABTS, galvinoxil, phosphomolybdenum and FRAP) in commercially available and homemade turnip samples were tested. At the end of the study, antioxidant activities of the tested samples were evaluated. According to the evaluation of the antioxidant activities (from higher to lower) of these samples, the results of, DPPH, galvinoxyl, phosphomolybdenum and FRAP methods were very similar. However, ABTS method results showed difference compared to other method results. As a result of study, reproducibility and consistency of results of DPPH, galvinoxyl, phosphomolybdenum and FRAP methods were determined.

Farklı dozlarda biyokömür (BC) ve kadmiyum (Cd) uygulamalarının mısır bitkisinin verimine ve besin elementleri alımına etkilerinin araştırıldığı bu çalışma, sera koşullarında üç yinelemeli olarak 3 kg kapasiteli saksılarda yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada, kuşburnu çekirdeğinden elde edilen biyokömür (%0 ve %2 w/w) ve 4 farklı Cd dozu (0 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg, 4 mg/kg ve 8 mg/kg) uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada P2088 mısır çeşidi kullanılmış ve ekimden yaklaşık 60 gün sonra hasat işlemi gerçekleştirilmiş ve mısır bitkisinin kuru madde üretimi ile Cd, azot (N), fosfor (P), potasyum (K), kalsiyum (Ca), magnezyum (Mg), demir (Fe), çinko (Zn), mangan (Mn) ve bakır (Cu) konsantrasyonları belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, en yüksek kuru madde üretimi 27,52 g/saksı ile %2 BC ve 4 mg/kg Cd uygulamasında elde edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, araştırmada %0 BC uygulamasında artan Cd uygulamasıyla kuru madde üretimi azalırken, %2 BC uygulamasında bütün Cd uygulamaları kontrole oranla kuru madde üretimini arttırmıştır. Mısır bitkisinin N konsantrasyonu en yüksek %2,23 N ile %2 BC ve 0 mg/kg Cd uygulamasında belirlenmişken, en yüksek P ve K konsantrasyonları (%0,39 P ve %2,54 K) %0 BC ve 2 mg/kg Cd ile %2 BC ve 0 mg/kg Cd uygulamalarında tespit edilmiştir.

Bu çalışmada, farklı katlardaki kafeslerde barındırılan beyaz yumurtacı saf hat tavuklarda, kat farklığı ve damızlık yaşının, yumurta iç ve dış kalitesi üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Bu araştırmada, Ankara Tavukçuluk Araştırma Enstitüsünde, bireysel kafeslerde barındırılan toplam yüz elli adet beyaz yumurtacı saf hat tavuktan 24, 28, 32, 36 ve 40. haftalık yaşlarda elde edilen yumurtalar kullanılmıştır. Üç katlı bu kafeslerde üst, orta ve alt olmak üzere 3 farklı katta bulunan bu tavuklardan elde edilen 438 adet yumurta üzerinde; Şekil İndeksi, Yumurta ağırlığı (g), Ak yüksekliği (mm), Roche skala, Haugh birimi ve Kabuk mukavemeti (N) değerleri incelenmiştir. Ayrıca kafes katlarındaki sıcaklık ve nem değerleri 30 dakika arayla araştırma süresince kaydedilmiştir. Sıcaklık ve nem değerleri arasında önemli farklılıklar olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın yürütüldüğü yetiştirme dönemi içerisinde, şekil indeksi ve yumurta ağırlığı bakımından katlar arasında farklılık bulunmamakla birlikte, yaşın etkisi önemli bulunmuştur. Ak yüksekliği (mm) üzerine kafes katı farklığı ve yaşın etkisi önemsiz olarak belirlenmiştir. Roche skalası ile Kabuk mukavemeti (N) değerleri kafes katı farklığından ve damızlık yaşından önemli ölçüde etkilenmiştir. Genel olarak, Haugh birimi üzerine kafes katlarının etkisinin olmadığı ancak yaşın etkili olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.