In this study, the effects of on 20 April, 5 May, 20 May, 5 June, 20 June, 5 July and 20 July sowing times application in Kahramanmaras and Sanlıurfa conditions on the quality criteria of Simal cowpea variety were researched. The experiment was established in 2015 as a randomized trial design with four replications. The pod length, number of grain of each pod, dry hay weight, moisture ratio, oil ratio, protein ratio and starch ratio characteristics of Simal variety (Vigna sinensis L.) were investigated. At the end of the research, it was noted that the number of grain of each pod, dry hay weight, the moisture ratio, the oil ratio, the protein ratio of cowpea, in terms of the locations, sowing times and locationxsowing time interactions were significantly different. It was determined that the length of pod is insignificant in terms of sowing time, and starch ratio was significantly showed differs in terms of location and location x sowing time interactions. The grain number of each pod, the weight of dry hay, the moisture ratio, the fat ratio, the protein ratio, starch ratio of cowpea were reported varieties from 7 to11.37 unit, from 361 to 1631 kg da, from 10.87 to 13.44%, from 1.28 to 2.11%, from 22.81 to 25.45%, from 42.11 to 49.77% respectively. As a result, it was observed that the characteristics of the cowpea investigated were affected by the environmental conditions.

Calendula officinalis (pot marigold), a medicinal ornamental plant belonging to the Asteraceae family, has various medicinal activities such as anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant and antitumor. The retention time of quercetin (6.445 min), kaempferol (11.246 min), caffeic acid (2.333 min), beta carotene (9.614 min) standards, which were planned to be analyzed by HPLC, was determined. The HPLC conditions that are most suitable for these metabolites have been determined. The amounts of quercetin, kaempferol, caffeic acid and beta carotene in the seedling leaves of these two Calendula species on the 0., 15., 30., 45., 60. days were compared. Caffeic acid and beta carotene have been detected in the leaves. However, quercetin and kaempferol compounds were not detected. It was determined that the caffeic acid and beta carotene amounts of C. officinalis species were higher than that of C. arvensis. The highest caffeic acid in both C. officinalis and C. arvensis seedlings (0.4042±0.0123 µg/g dry weight for C. officinalis, 0.1918±0.0437 µg / g dry weight for C. arvensis) and beta carotene amounts (0.8520±0.0692 µg/g dry weight for C. officinalis, 0.6389±0.0189 µg/g dry weight for C. arvensis) were determined on 60. day. In addition, it was determined that the amount of these metabolites differed according to the seedling development period.

Pulsed UV light application has been a method used frequently in ensuring food safety recently. UV treatment is used in many areas including the food industry through UV treatment and high inactivation power. Pulsed UV light, which is an effective microbial inactivation method that takes place in a shorter time in solid and liquid foods, as it is accepted as an alternative to continuous UV light application, is a promising alternative to both chemical and thermal decontamination methods in the food industry. In this study, pulsed UV light was applied on ready-to-consumption packaged turkey salami samples. In order to ensure food safety and reduce consumer anxiety, the effect of pulsed UV light application of different time and distance on turkey salami slices contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes in equal thickness in order to use UV light was investigated. The effect of pulsed UV application on the microbial inactivation efficiency of the salami surface and the quality of the salami were evaluated. In pulsed UV light system, 3 different distances of quartz glass to samples will be 5-8-13 cm and sliced salami in 3 different periods of 15-30-60 sec. The results of the study showed that pulsed UV light method could be used effectively in inactivation against L. monocytogenes on the salami surface as an alternative to thermal and chemical methods. It was determined that L. monocytogenes inactivation increased as the distance to the quartz lamp decreased and the application time and total energy dose increased. The highest inactivation was obtained after 5 cm 60 sec pulsed UV light treatment.

In this study, the effects of four different color plastic greenhouse treatments on nutrient concentrations of leaf and fruit, leaf SPAD (Soil and Plant Analyzer Development) values and some yield parameters of tomato were tried to be determined. For this purpose, plastic greenhouses with Red (RedG), Blue (BlueG), Colorless (ConG) and white Led (LedG) lighting have been used as materials in the research. The used plastic greenhouses are 3 m in width, 6 m in length, 2 m in sidewall height and 2.8 m in roof ridge height. Led lighting is; Three hours of extra lighting is planned for one hour before sunrise, 2 hours after sunset. The research was carried out in ISUBU (Isparta), Faculty of Agriculture, field area in the summer season in 2019. The nutrient elements of K, Ca, Mg, P, Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe were determined in the leaf and of the tomato plant. It has been determined that four different greenhouse treatments have a positive effect on K, Ca, Cu, Zn, Fe nutrients in leaf, and K, Ca, P, Mg nutrient in fruit. In terms of SPAD values, all treatments were determined to be higher than the control treatment. It was determined that the highest SPAD value was in BlueG treatment. When the efficiency-related values are examined; It was determined that the highest fruit number, fruit weight and yield were in BlueG treatment. BlueG treatment was followed by RedG, ConG, and LedG treatment respectively in terms of efficiency. As a result, considering the effects of four different greenhouse treatments on macro and micronutrient nutritions SPAD values, and yield values, it was concluded that the most suitable treatments for tomato cultivation in greenhouses is BlueG treatment and RedG treatment should not be ignored.

Drought stress is one of the most serious abiotic stresses that cause a reduction in plant growth, development and yield in the world. The aim of this study is to reveal the morphological, physiological and biochemical responses of the Demre pepper variety and nine different pepper genotypes against drought stress. Pepper seeds were planted into trays containing peat: perlite (2: 1) mixture. Then, seedlings having two leaves were transferred to plastic pots containing mixture of peat:perlite (2:1) mixture. Drought stress application was started when the plants have four leaves. The control plants were irrigated with nutrition solution. Genotypes were classified according to the severity of leaf damage symptoms by using 0-5 scale. In addition, shoot fresh and dry weight, plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, leaf area, relative water content (RWC), membrane injury index (MII), potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) concentration of shoot, malondialdehyde content (MDA), total chlorophyll and carotenoid, total flavonoid and phenolic content, anitoxidative enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), ascorbate peroxidase (APX)) were also determined. As a result of the study, it was determined that drought had negative effect in terms of morphological and physiological parameters, and this effect revealed differences among genotypes. While drought stress increased MDA and antioxidative enzyme activity, BIB-6 and BIB-8 genotypes were found to be the most tolerant genotypes among the genotypes examined.

Irrigation scheduling is important for efficient use of applied water and for maximizing crop yields. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the short-term effect of drip irrigation frequency on soil hydro-physical properties of an Alfisol and performance of two maize varieties, at the Teaching and Research Farm, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Southwest Nigeria. The experiment was laid out using a split-plot experiment in randomized complete block design (RCBD) and three replications. Irrigation frequency constituted the main plot namely: irrigation four times a week (I4), irrigation thrice a week (I3), and irrigation twice a week (I2) of re-filling soil to field capacity while the subplot was maize variety namely: V1: SAMMAZ-27 and V2: OBA-super-6. Plant growth parameters and soil physical properties of soil water content (SWC), bulk density (BD) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) were monitored during the growing cycle. Water use efficiency (WUE) and yield components were determined at maturity. There were significant interactions between irrigation regime and maize variety on SWC and Ksat. The maximum bulk density (BDmax) and optimum soil water content SWCopt were 1.41 g/cm3 and 0.12 g/g, respectively. Plant height (PH) did not differ between the two maize varieties throughout the growth cycle. Drip irrigation frequency did not significantly affect plant height until growth stage V12 (12 fully opened leaves), with I4 irrigation treatment having the tallest plant. Both drip irrigation and maize variety had no significant influence on both LAI and CC, neither was there any significant interaction effect. Increasing irrigation water increased maize yield and yield components. The treatment combination of I4V1 had the highest performance indices in terms of yield components. WUE decreased with increasing frequency of irrigation water application while the WUE of SAMMAZ-27 > OBA-super-6. Therefore, irrigating four times a week and SAMAZ-27 maize variety could be a suitable irrigation-variety combination for providing sustainable irrigation agriculture for maize in this region.

Kohlrabi, which has increased production in our country in recent years, is a vegetable with high water consumption. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different irrigation levels on plant and tuber growth and determine the appropriate irrigation level. In this study, vegetative growth and some tuber quality parameters of two different kohlrabi cultivars (Korist F1, Kolibri F1) at 4 different irrigation levels (I100 I75, I50, I25) were investigated. The experiment was carried out in unheated greenhouse as a pot experiment in April-June with three replicates and 10 plants per replicate. At the end of the experiment; number of leaves, leaf width (mm), leaf length (mm), tuber diameter (cm), tuber height (cm), tuber weight (g), tuber pH, total soluble solid content of the tuber and chlorophyll index were measured. The growth curves of the tubers were drawn and potassium (K), phosphorus (P) and sodium (Na) contents of the tubers were determined. In Kolibri F1, the highest tuber weight was obtained from the I75 irrigated plants with an average of 369.59 g. In Korist F1, the highest tuber weight was obtained from I100 applied plants with an average of 362.25 g. Especially in terms of tuber development, I100 has provided better results in water deficiency application. However, according to the results of the analysis, there was no statistically significant difference between I100 and I75 irrigation levels. It was determined that I75 irrigation level could be applied for kohlrabi cultivars in April-June cultivation period in Antalya conditions.

Turkey has a great ornithological importance, due to its geographical location, topography, wide territory and different climatic types. From a biodiversity perspective, wetlands are one of the most important areas. Lake Seyfe is one of the important wetlands with economic and ecological value. After being declared a Natural Protected Area in 1989, Lake Seyfe, which gained the status of Natural Protection Area in 1990 and finally declared Ramsar Site in 1994, is extremely important for birds. The lake meets 3 out of 9 Criteria for Identifying Wetlands of International Importance. The research aims to determine bird species of Lake Seyfe by gathering the information contained in the literature covering all observations made in the following years, in addition to the regular field studies conducted weekly between 1996 and 1998. Therefore, a list of birds obtained from all observations made between 1996-2019 has been created. As a result, 26 orders, 57 families, 242 species and 4 subspecies were identified in the site. 20 of the recorded species are globally endangered according to the IUCN red list criteria. Lake Seyfe, an internationally important wetland, is also an important feeding and visiting place for birds during migration.

Canary (Serinus canarius) is one of the most beautiful cage birds. They are small and delicate songbird species. Their origin is the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean. They were first brought to Europe by the Spanish sailors in 1478. Than Britain, Germany, France, Netherlands and Italy were started professional canary breeding. The wild ones live in flocks, mostly on the edge of wooded lakes and creeks. While the color of canaries grown in cages is completely yellow, the wild ones are gray-green. Sound in the wild canary is stronger and more impressive. There are 3 types of canaries commonly produced. These are “Song canaries”, “Color canaries” and “Form canaries”. Nowadays they are often produced for their beautiful color and sound. This article gives brief information about canaries and to provide resources to enthusiasts who want to do produce has been prepared.

Accelerating agricultural growth remains one of the most urgent goal of Ethiopia as the agricultural sector is the backbone of the Ethiopian economy. The adoption of new agricultural technologies and improved practices are particularly important in increasing agricultural production. This comprises strengthening legumes adoption and production as it contributes to better food security and more sustainable farming systems. Grain legumes are necessary elements of crop production in Ethiopia. The adoption and use of legume crops have been advocated for enhanced nutrition and preserving soil resources. Different improved varieties and legume production technologies have been made available to farmers through various sectors and projects in the country. Various policy measures and initiatives have also been made in improving the adoption, technology generation and contribution of legumes to the various system. Despite their contribution and considerable initiatives, over-all level of adoption and use of legume production is still low. A wide array of technical, economic, social, and institutional factors has been found to encounter the adoption, use and production of legumes along with their value-chain. However, there are still various opportunities that different grain legumes are to be adopted and promoted to increase production and productivity. Essential interventions, innovative approaches, increased production packages and improved technologies and market access should be emphasized and integrated to strengthen grain legumes adoption and production.