Günümüzde insan ve çevre sağlığını tehdit eden en önemli problemlerin başında hava kirliliği gelmektedir. Hava kirliliğinin pek çok bileşeni bulunmakla birlikte, bunlar arasında ağır metaller ayrı bir öneme sahiptir. Bunun sebebi ağır metallerin bazılarının düşük konsantrasyonlarda bile toksik olmaları, canlılar için besin elementi olan birçok ağır metalin bile yüksek konsantrasyonlarda zararlı olmaları, canlı bünyesinde biyobirikme eğiliminde olmaları, doğada kolay kolay bozulmamaları ve bunlara ek olarak sanayi ve trafik kaynaklı olarak havadaki konsantrasyonlarının sürekli artmasıdır. Bundan dolayı özellikle trafiğin yoğun olduğu, sanayi faaliyetlerinin yürütüldüğü ve nüfusun yoğun olduğu alanlar gibi riskli alanlarda havadaki ağır metal konsantrasyonlarının izlenmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada da, Samsun kent merkezinde yetiştirilen ve peyzaj çalışmalarında sıklıkla kullanılan; Tilia tomentosa, Aesculus hippocastanum, Ligustrum vulgare ve Catalpa bignoides türlerinin, trafiğin yoğun olduğu, az yoğun olduğu ve hemen hemen hiç olmadığı alanlarda yetişen bireylerinde Cr konsatrasyonlarının değişimleri belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında bitkilerden yaprak, kabuk ve odun örnekleri toplanmış, kabuk ve yapraklarda ayrıca yıkama işlemi uygulaması da yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, çalışmaya konu türlerde Cr konsantrasyonlarının tür, organ ve trafik yoğunluğu bazında önemli ölçüde değiştiği belirlenmiştir.

The aim of this write up is to explore technological developments in the area of post-harvest grain storage techniques. Post-harvest losses occur between harvest and the moment of human consumption. They include on-farm losses, such as when grain is threshed, winnowed, and dried, as well as losses along the chain during transportation, storage, and processing. Use of traditional grain storage facilities such as cribs, improved rhombus, and brick bins are ineffective against mold and insects already present in the grain before storage. While plastic bins reduce insect pests’ infestation, Purdue Improved crop storage bags and wooden silo were proved to be a viable management tool for preventing aflatoxin accumulation in storage and moisture migration. The metal silo still remains an effective grain storage technology for reducing post-harvest insect and pathogen losses if the challenges of moisture and temperature can be adequately managed. An effective grain storage technology would be the ones that can sustain quality of grain stored for a long period (≥5 years), durable, cost-effective, and be managed scientifically, possibly by computer-aided grain management system.

Bu çalışma entansif olarak besiye alınan Akkaraman ve İvesi kuzuların besi performans özellikleri üzerine kırkımın etkisi incelenmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmada 10 baş Akkaraman ve 8 baş İvesi erkek kuzu kullanılmıştır. Besi süresince hayvanlara 150 g kuru yonca otu ve ad-libitum olarak kesif yem verilmiştir. Çalışmada, Akkaraman ve İvesi kuzular deneme hayvanları kırkım yapılan ve kırkım yapılmayan olmak üzere iki deneme grubuna ayrılımştır. Kuzuların kırkım öncesinde ve sonrasındaki toplam canlı ağırlık artışı, günlük canlı ağırlık artışı, yem tüketimi ve yem değerlendirme katsayısı sırasıyla 8,017 kg, 47,14 kg ve 5,945 ve 8,606 kg, 307 g, 42,21 kg ve 5,029 olarak bulunmuştur. Kırkım yapılmayan kuzuların ise toplam canlı ağırlık artışı 7,802 kg, günlük canlı ağırlık artışı 279 g, yem tüketimi 42,06 kg ve yem değerlendirme katsayısı 6,00 olarak bulunmuştur. Çalışma sonucunda besi performansı bakımından kırkım yapılan ve yapılmayan grupların ortalamaları arasındaki fark istatistik olarak önemsiz bulunmuştur.

Chromosome line and characterization of nine Turkish alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) lines were investigated using karyological techniques in this study. Root tips were obtained from germinated alfalfa seeds in petri dishes at room temperature (25°C) for visualizing somatic chromosomes. The chromosome numbers of nine alfalfa lines were determined as 2n=4x=32. The karyotype formula of 2n=32= 30m+ 2sm (30 median + 2 submedian) were noted for Line 1, 2and 3. Whereas, Line 4, 6, 8, 9 showed the karyotype formula of 2n=32=32m (32 median). The karyotype formula of Line 5 and 7 were 2n=32=28m+4sm (28 median + 4 submedian). Satellite chromosome pairs were observed from Line 5. The results of the karyotype asymmetry index analysis showed that intrachromosomal asymmetry is higher than interchromosomal asymmetry in the karyotypes of alfalfa lines.

Soil is one of the most important factors affecting the plant development on the basis. The method mostly applied for the purpose of accelerating the plant development and ensuring the increase in products is to increase the nutrients in the soil, namely fertilization. Fertilization ensures lots of food elements in the soil to get mixed in the soil and change the soil composition. Another factor affecting the plant growth speed and productivity is shadowing. Shadow conditions change the light receiving amounts of the plant and directly affect the plant photosynthesis speed. In addition; shadowing not only affects the dissolution and in-soil mixture speed of the fertilizers applied to the soil, but it also directly affects the humidity content of the soil. In this study, it has been aimed to determine the food element changes in the soil on the lavender individuals grown under different shadow conditions and fertilized with different fertilizers. The lavender used in the study has been selected due to the fact that it adapts to dry areas, it is abstinent in terms of soil and it is an important and income-generating medical aromatic plant. As a result of the study, it has been determined that shadowing statistically affects salt, carbon, phosphor, nitrogen and potassium and fertilization statistically affects phosphor, nitrogen, potassium, carbon and salt at least at 95% confidence level.

Some meat quality and sensory characteristics were determined of Kıvırcık (n=10), Eşme Kıvırcık (n=10), Karya (n=8) and Çine Çaparı (n=9) lambs in this research. Carcass divided into two parts along the spine and the three different type of muscle samples were taken from the between 8th and 9th vertebrae, 12th and 13th vertebrae and leg part of the left side of the carcasses. Drip loss, cooking loss and shear force values of these muscles were identified. Additionally, pH0, pH24, color, fatty acid composition and sensory properties were determined in M. Longissimus dorsi samples. When muscle types are evaluated separately were a statistically significant factor in terms of dripping and cooking loss and shear force. While the highest dripping loss were reported in M. Longissimus dorsi (3.72%), the highest cooking loss were reported in M. Longissimus thoracis (22.67%) and the highest shear force were reported in M. semitendinosus (4.38 kg). Genotype and muscle interaction were found to be highly significant for only cooking loss. The analysis results for fatty acids indicated that there was an important difference between Kıvırcık, Eşme Kıvırcık, Karya and Çine Çaparı on C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, C15:0, C16:0, tC18:1, CLA, tC18:3, C20:1, C22:0 fatty acids in the study. Genotypes showed no effect to SFA (Saturated fatty acids), MUFA (Monounsaturated fatty acids), PUFA (Polyunsaturated fatty acids) and P/S ratio parameters. Karya lambs performed higher for odor and tenderness, and Kıvırcık lambs showed a higher score for juiciness, flavor and total acceptability in sensory evaluation.

The present study aimed to determine the heavy metal cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) accumulations in muscle tissues, gills, gonads, liver, and other visceral organs (liver) of whiting fish (Merlanguis merlangus euxinus Nordmann, 1840) samples obtained by hunting from the Sinop (Black Sea) coasts. The mean cadmium value in muscle tissue, which concerns public health, was found to be 1.07±0.02 µg.kg-1, the chromium value was found to be 1.48±0.07 µg.kg-1, the nickel value was found to be 1.77±0.14 µg.kg-1, the lead value was found to be 5.38±0.29 µg.kg-1 while the mercury value was determined only in the gill and could not be determined in organs, and since it was below the limit values declared by international organizations for all metals, it was determined that it would not create adverse effects for human consumption. Also, examining the order of accumulation of heavy metals in tissues and organs from highest to lowest, it was sorted as liver> visceral organ> gill> muscle> gonad for cadmium; visceral organ> gill> muscle> liver> gonad for chromium; visceral organ> gill> liver> muscle> gonad for nickel; gill> visceral organ> liver> muscle> gonad for lead, while the mercury accumulation was detected only in the gill. Also, the data obtained as a result of the analyses made in the gonad is an important determination in terms of the effects of heavy metals on the reproduction of the species, as well as on the continuity of the population. Since the values determined in the other analyzed tissues were below the limit values reported by international organizations, the results showed that they do not pose any threat to human health in terms of workplace and time, type, and determined heavy metals.

This study aims to reveal the impact of exchange rate volatility on agricultural exports of Turkey by using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model. While quarterly time series data covering period of 2001: Q1 to 2018: Q4 were used to carry out analyses, Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (1.1) is used to acquire exchange rate volatility series. The research findings showed that agricultural export is cointegrated with exchange rate volatility, producer price index and real effective exchange rate. Furthermore, our findings indicate that increases in real effective exchange rate have a statistically significant positive influence on the export volume whereas exchange rate volatility has negative impact on it.

More than 1000 thermal and mineral water springs with temperatures from 20°C to102°C occur in Turkey. Kangal Balikli Hot Spring is known as psoriasis treatment center is one of the most important among these springs. The main scope of this research was to determine geological, hydrogeological and biological properties and water chemistry of the psoriasis treatment center and the stream running alongside the thermal pools. The spring water is an isothermal-hypotonic and oligometalic mineral water, having average of electrical conductivity: 530 μS cm-1, temperature: 35°C, CO2 8.70 mg l-1, pH 7.30 and O2 4 mg l-1. Calcium, magnesium and bicarbonates are dominant. Neither the chemical figures nor the temperature (35±1°C) of the water shows seasonal change. There are two fish species, Garra rufa and Cyprinion macrostomus, that adapted living at 35°C water temperature. The mean fork length and body weight of the fish living in the psoriasis treatment center is significantly lower than those living at the stream. Some of the fish in the pools showed symptoms of illness such as exophthalmus, scale loose, skin ulceration, pale gills, and bloated appearance. Gut analysis revealed that both species have been feeding on algae, insect parts, fish scales, and debris. In most cases the guts of fish caught in the pools were either empty or had very little content in it. Zooplanktons had little species and were not recorded frequently.