Gaziantep pita, one of the regional flat breads in Turkey, had the geographical sign registration certificate in 2017. Gaziantep pita quality is directly related to flour properties. In present study, physico-chemical and flourgraph properties of bread flour containing 0.550% and 0.650% ash content (d.b.) were investigated. Results showed that the moisture contents of both samples were not significantly different from each other and were under upper limit of 14.5%. Sedimentation values for 0.550% and 0.650% ash content (db.) of flours were found good, between 25-36 mL. Wet gluten contents of both flours were determined as medium, between 20-27%. The falling number values for the samples were higher than normal values. The extensibility values were in normal values for both flour samples. The resistance to extension values for both samples were low, although these values were significantly different from each other. Energy value of 0.550% ash content (d.b.) of bread flour was in normal value, while energy value of 0.650% ash content (d.b.) of flour was low. Physico-chemical and flourgraph properties of 0.550% and 0.650% ash content (d.b.) of flours could be improved by blending or adding α-amylase.

Bacterial pathogens are isolated, identified and antibiogram were performed by taking the skin, gills and intestine of twenty randomly selected Tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) that collected from local market of the Dinajpur city, Bangladesh. A serial dilution was prepared with the stated sample and at the amount of 0.1 ml was plated on nutrient agar, differential also specific media respectively. Then gram’s staining, colony morphology, biochemical test and antibiogram performed respectively. The four different isolated species with frequency of occurrence are 31(40.26%) Escherichia coli, 3 (29.87%) Staphylococcus spp., 13 (16.88%) Pseudomonas spp., 10 (12.99%) Salmonella spp. respectively. Some of these pathogens have tendency to transmit to man, who eat fish or deal with fish and fish products. Amoxicillin, Cefixime, Azithromycin, Chloramphenicol, Ciprofloxacin, Penicillin G, Erythromycin, Vancomycin, Gentamicin and Neomycin antibiotics was performed during sensitivity test. Among the total (77) isolated bacteria were sensitive to gentamycin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin and Azithromycin but resistant to Amoxicillin, Penicillin G, Vancomycin and Erythromycin. The study was conducted in term of medical importance. Hence it is considered that a variety of bacterial species can be associated with fresh Tilapia fish related pathogen to humans.

The objective of this work was to determine the effects of UV-C and chitosan coatings, alone or in conjunction, on the quality of strawberry fruit during storage. The treated fruits were examined for weight loss, respiration rate, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid contents, total anthocyanins, total phenolic contents, decay incidence and sensory analysis of strawberry fruit were investigated during cold storage 1±0.5°C and 90±5% RH for 15 days. The result showed that chitosan coating with UV-C irradiation could further reduce decay incidence of strawberry fruit, restrain increase of respiration rate and weight loss of strawberry fruit compared to other treatments. Moreover, the total anthocyanins and total phenolic contents were maintained at higher level, and the decrease of ascorbic acid was restricted during storage period. Likewise, sensory analysis results also showed the effectiveness of UV-C + chitosan treatment by retaining the quality of strawberry fruit. Control and individual UV-C treatment had similar effects on respiration rate and weight loss. The results showed that UV-C + chitosan treatment can be an effective method for enhancing the phytochemical content and delaying fruit senescence of strawberry fruit during cold storage.

Su hasadı teknikleri kurak alanlarda yağmur sularını biriktirerek su sıkıntısının ve kuraklığın etkilerini azaltmanın yanı sıra, toprak ve su koruma açısından da yarar sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, yağışların yetersiz olduğu yarı kurak iklime sahip Güneydoğu Anadolu bölgesinde, sulama olanağı bulunmayan genellikle eğimli arazilere tesis edilmiş zeytin bahçelerinde toprak ve su erozyonu kontrolünü sağlamak amacıyla, Negarim mikro havza yağmur suyu hasadı tekniği uygulanmıştır. Bu çalışmada; yağmur suyunun bitkinin kök bölgesinde birikimini sağlamak amacıyla Negarim adı verilen mikro havzalar içerisine yerleştirilen plastik örtü, taş örtü, mikro-havza yüzeyinin sıkıştırılması ve kontrol konularından oluşan 36 adet mikro-havzanın toprak ve su erozyonuna olan etkisi değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmada 2009-2010 yılları boyunca yüzey akış ve sediment kayıpları ile bitki gelişimi ölçülmüştür. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre yıllık ortalama yağışı 250 ile 400 mm arasında değişen deneme alanında, 2 su yılı boyunca meydana gelen ortalama maksimum yüzey akış 6201 L/parsel ile plastik örtü konusunda, ortalama minimum yüzey akış 810 L/parsel ile taş örtü konusunda belirlenmiştir. Ortalama maksimum sediment kaybı 1163 g/parsel ile yüzey sıkıştırma konusunda, ortalama minimum sediment kaybı ise 673,5 g/parsel ile taş örtü konusunda ölçülmüştür. Mikro-havza yüzeyi plastik örtü ile kaplı olduğundan erozyon kontrolünü en iyi şekilde sağlayan uygulama plastik örtü olarak saptanmıştır. Plastik örtü konusu en iyi yüzey akışı gerçekleştirdiğinden bitki boyu gelişimi yönünden ortalama 107,5cm uzunluk ile en iyi uygulama olmuştur. Sonuç olarak kuru koşullarda ve eğimli arazilerde üretimi yapılan zeytin bahçelerinde Negarim mikro havza su hasadı tekniğinin ağaçların büyüme ve gelişimi arttırmanın yanı sıra toprak ve su muhafazası açısından da yararlı ve uygulanabilir bir teknik olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Huge amount of organic wastes including agricultural field wastes, food wastes, municipal solid waste and manures can be converted into a safe and usable product that can be used as a possible substitute for chemical fertilizers. In this regard, the proposed study was designed with the aim to prepare macro and micronutrients rich vermicompost from different bio-wastes that can be used as a possible substitute to chemical fertilizers for improving plant growth. A 90 days vermicomposting experiment was conducted in wooden boxes (1×1 m) containing animal manure and waste material (grasses, brewed black tea leaf and dry leaf) mixed in 3:1 ratio with a 2.5 cm thin layer of soil. The material was at the bottom of the bed and around 10.000 earthworms of Eisenia fetida were settled in the box. The boxes were irrigated by sprinkled water daily and tilled from the top once every week for maintaining aeration and proper decomposition. The vermicompost production was continued for about 90 days in each box under 21-23°C room temperature. The results showed that by using animal manure and waste materials, the physical parameters like moisture content was increased upto50 % on day 90. Likewise, the percent increase recorded for total N, organic N, total P and soluble K content on day 90 was maximum in the vermicompost prepared from animal manure and waste material. It can be concluded from this experiment that with the help of earthworm’s, different field and garden residues, wastes and manures can be converted into a nutrient rich and environment friendly vermicompost that can be used as a possible substitute to chemical fertilizers for improving plant growth.

This study was carried out to determine the effect of non-genetic factors on growth and reproductive traits in Saanen goats. For this aim, total of 274 Saanen goats and kids were investigated for growth and reproductive traits in South Marmara Region of Turkey. Fertility parameters were evaluated during two reproductive years. Saanen kids were measured from birth to 6 months of life. The average live weights at birth, weaning, 60th, 90th, 120th and 180th days of age were calculated and determined as 3.05±0.04kg, 11.80±0.27kg, 12.26±0.08kg, 14.20±0.32kg, 17.41±0.45kg, 25.01±0.65kg, respectively. The effects of sex and birth type on live weights until 90th days of age; maternal age only on birth weight; month at birth on all of investigated days were found significant statistically. The pregnancy, birth rate per pregnancy (BRP), birth rate per mating (BRM), infertility, abortion, kidding rate (single, twin or triplet), survival rate (until weaning), number of kids per parturition (NKP), number of kids per mating (NKM) were found; 92.98%, 85.07%, 91.25%, 7.02%, 8.75%, 36.12%, 49.00%, 14.88%, 89.13% and 1.74±0.06, 1.42±0.07 respectively. The effects of maternal age on all rates (out of BRM and abortion rate); the year on birth, abortion, single kidding rate, survival rate and NKM were found significant for reproductive traits. The advanced reproductive performance and rapid growth rates were observed in Saanen goats. Environmental factors such as age, year, sex, birth type and month at birth were found significant on some growth and reproductive traits in Saanen. So consideration of these factors could be useful as a selection criteria in dairy goat breeding.

Most of the non-irrigated areas in the southeast of the Harran Plain are irrigated by groundwater. The aim of this study is to determine the importance of 13 underground irrigation water sources operating in the agricultural areas of Ohali village in southeast of Harran Plain in Sanliurfa province in terms of some quality characteristics and irrigation. In this context, the waters belonging to 13 underground wells were analysed and examined in terms of irrigation water quality. According to the results of the analysis, the electrical conductivity of water samples was measured between 1127-4090 µS/cm. The SAR value of irrigation water was found to be between 1.05-3.41 and the %Na value was between 16.2% - 31.8%. In the evaluation made according to four different classification systems, in general, waters 6, 7, 8 and 9 were determined as the worst quality in all classification systems. These waters are described “unsuitable” irrigation water. Considering that the plants which have high water consumption such as cotton and corn are cultivated in the region, it is foreseen that if the necessary precautions are not taken, the salinity in the soil will increase and yield losses will be high. It is imperative that these areas, which cannot be irrigated within the scope of GAP irrigation project, be irrigated with clean water as soon as possible. However, an appropriate drainage system must be installed in the area.

In this study, fish consumption preferences of the families living in the district of Almus in Tokat province and the factors that are effective in choosing them were investigated. In the scope of the study, the data obtained from face-to-face interviews with households were used. In the study, consumers prefer which of the alternatives of rainbow trout (Oncahorynchus myciss), carp fish (Cyprinus carpio) and spring fish (Silurus glanis) consumed most of the fish species found in Almus Dam Lake, and the importance level of consumer preference in this choice. the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was determined by the AHS method. Criteria consist of price, nutritional value, taste, freshness, bone condition, sold place, habit, hunting, aquaculture. It has been determined that the most attention is paid to the freshness (0.175) in the direction of the findings and that the criteria of taste (0.136), sold place (0.133) and food value (0.122) follow. In the preference of fish consumption, Rainbow Trout criterion was given priority with 48% points. İt is aimed to determine the importance level of the criteria that are effective in consumers ‘preference of fish consumption in the direction of obtained findings and to be a guide for fish farmers and sellers.

A total of 48 randomly selected fish farms from the coasts of Izmir and Muğla, Aegean Sea were visited face-to-face interviewing with fish farmers and a total of 329 coastal fishermen, catches around the sea-cage fish farms between July 2015 and July 2017. We asked them the reasons for fish escapes from sea-cage fish farms. Answers were concerning with the predator attacks, storms, biting of cage-nets by reared fish and seabirds, slits of the nets, drop during transfer, etc.

North Sinai governorate is one of the largest desert areas in terms of intensity of agricultural extension work, In spite of efforts by state agencies to bring about agricultural development in the governorate, agriculture is still somewhat characterized by primitive traditional methods, making agricultural development rates almost indistinguishable, And with the scarcity of extension research carried out in North Sinai in the field of environmental SWOT analysis, It was necessary to conduct the study that is trying to analyze the current situation of agricultural extension in North Sinai governorate through identifying the strengths; weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT). A participatory SWOT analysis study using open-ended qualitative-type instrument was conducted; Research data were collected through personal interviewing questionnaire with 90 respondents representing 75% of the total extension workers in North Sinai Governorate, during the period from May till October 2018. The results showed that the most important strengths of these were that a large proportion of the extension workers are specialized in agricultural extension, more than half of the guides were from rural areas and the high job satisfaction degree among of the majority of the extension workers while the most important weaknesses were Weak budget and inadequate funding for extension work, Absence of job description for the extension workers, and Lack of financial and material resources. On the other hand the most important opportunities were Availability of research institutes in the governorate, NGO-Public Sector Collaboration. While the most important threats were Decreased investments targeting the agricultural sector in general and the extension system in particular, Poor Farmer Organization, Security instability in the governorate. Depending upon SWOT outputs, some relevant strategies were discussed to develop agricultural extension system in the governorate through some dimensions that uses strengths and opportunities to overcome weaknesses and to avoid threats or minimize their effects.