Siyanobakteri olan Spirulina platensis önemli bir gıda katkı maddesidir. Fotosentetik bir mikroalg olan Spirulina platensis yüksek oranda ham protein (%62-70) içeriğine sahiptir ayrıca kıymetli sekonder metabolitleri de içerir. Yapısında bulunan proteinler ağırlıklı olarak esansiyel amino asitlerden oluşur. Kanatlı hayvan yetiştiriciliğinde tüketici talepleri doğrultusunda üreticiler sentetik katkı maddeleri yerine doğal ve fonksiyonel besin katkı maddelerine yönelmiştir. Kanatlı kümes hayvanları üzerine yapılan çalışmalarda Spirulina’ nın büyüme ve gelişmeyi desteklediği, kuluçka ve kuluçka sonrası performansı arttırdığı, yumurta sarı skoru ve ürün kalitesini iyileştirdiği, hastalıklara karşı direnç kazandırdığı dolayısıyla fonksiyonel bir yem katkı maddesi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada Spirulina mikroalginin besin değeri ve kompozisyonu açıklanarak fonksiyonelliği ve kanatlı kümes hayvanları (etlik piliç, yumurtacı tavuk ve damızlık) rasyonlarında uygulanabilirliği çalışılmıştır.

Seeds of Tetrapleura tetraptera trees have poor germination due to their hard and impervious seed coat. This research was conducted to determine the possibilities of reducing seed dormancy using seed pretreatment via the application of sulphuric acid and hot water and then phosphorus for better seedling growth. Seeds pretreated with sulphuric acid had a significantly (P˂0.05) increased germination rate (by 60%) compared to seeds pretreated with hot water (40%). The application of phosphorus fertilizer stimulated the early growth of the species. This research provides information for practical use.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of adding orange peel (PKY), lemon peel essential oils (LKY) and PKY+LKY (respectively 300, 300, 150+150 mg/kg) to laying quail diets on performance, egg internal and external quality parameters and hatchability parameters. The eight-week trial was conducted in 20 subgroups, with 4 treatment groups and 5 replications for each treatment, and a total of 120 Japanese quails at 10 weeks of age were randomly distributed, with 6 quails (4 females, 2 males) in each subgroup. Feed intake with the addition of LKY to the diet, egg production and egg mass with the addition of PKY + LKY decreased significantly compared to the control group, and the eggshell breaking resistance with the addition of LKY and PKY + LKY increased significantly compared to the control group. However, the addition of LKY, PKY and PKY+LKY to the diet did not affect hatchability and reproduction parameters. According to these results, the addition of 300 mg/kg PKY and 300 mg/kg (150+150) PKY+LKY to breeder quail diets had an effect on the increase of eggshell qualityi, although the performance was adversely affected.

The use of ground-based multispectral data for the evaluation of plant water stress and nitrogen status in Old Oyo national Park, Nigeria was conducted and classification was performed. The active area of nitrogen concentration in hectares was between 0.0 and 0.4. This active area was expressed in hectares (ha) and percentages (%) respectively. From the assessment, 53.52 ha (69%) and 24.29 ha (31%) were recorded at 0.2-0.4 and 0.0-0.2, respectively. Heat stress takes place when the regular temperature is above 30ºC, which could slow down plant growth and lead to the threat of deficiency. The heat stress reached a maximum of 40ºC in this analysis between February and May. The research concluded that the sustainability of crops and trees requires a certain quantity of 69 percent nitrogen and a certain level of wetness for their growth which is between 400 mm and 800 mm rainfall.

This research was conducted with durum wheat variety (Alatay) at farmer conditions in Bozova district of Şanlıurfa province in 2018-19 and 2019-20 growing season according to a randomized complete block design with three replications. This study was conducted to determine the effect of dividing the top fertilizer in different development periods of wheat on grain yield and some yield factors (plant height, spike length, number of grains per spike, grain weight per spike) in order to struggle the drought experienced due to global warming in the world and in our country. According to the research results, it was determined that grain yield, plant height, spike length, number of grains per spike, weight of grains per spike ranged from 347.50-648.33 kg/da, 78.16-98.33 cm, 6.28-6.91 cm, 32.00 number/spike and 64.16 number/spike 2.47 gr/spike and 2.77 gr/spike respectively. The aim of the experiment is to determine how the top-dressing is divided and how the plant benefits from the moisture and nitrogen fertilizer in the soil and how it affects the grain yield and yield components of the plant.

A new complex compound, Polyel, which contains thiourea, macro- and microelements in the form of salts and coordination complexes, as well as vitamins, was obtained and tested. Biological tests were performed in laboratory experiments and in the vegetation complex of the Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection. As subjects of investigations served the plants Glycine max (Merr) cultivars L. ‘Deia’, ‘Moldovița’, and ‘Enigma’ varieties, grown in the Mitcherlih vegetation pots with a volume of 40 kg soil and exposed to the drought stress at the phase "flowering - pods formation”. The beneficial effect of Polyel on antioxidant protection systems by reducing the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and intensifying the activity of antioxidant protection enzymes has been established. Polyel has been shown to be one of the new biologically active chemicals that can be used in agriculture to reduce the negative impact of oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The use of Polyel as a physiologically active substance (PAS) with antioxidant proprieties for pre-treatment of seeds and foliar apparatus is much more effective under moderate drought conditions.

There are about 68 types of mulberry fruit with a wide ecological production area. Different mulberry species are grown in large fields in Turkey. Mulberries are largely dried-consumed, but sometimes they are used as fruit juice. In this study, black mulberry fruit was collected in two different ripening levels (semi-ripe and full-ripe) and oven-dried at 50, 60 and 70°C drying temperatures. Initial moisture contents of semi-ripe and full-ripe fruits were determined as 86.74% and 82.95%, respectively. Fruits were dried to have final moisture levels of 10-15%. Drying duration, drying models, effective diffusion, activation energy, specific energy consumption, color parameters and chemical properties of dried fruits were examined and the effect of ripening levels and drying temperatures were investigated. In terms of drying duration, while full-ripe fruits dried in a shorter time, effective diffusion, activation energy and specific energy consumption values were found to be higher than semi-ripe fruits. In terms of color parameters, semi-ripe fruits are recommended to be dried at 50 or 60°C drying temperatures and full-ripe fruits should be dried at 50°C drying temperature for better preservation of color parameters. On the other hand, a common proper drying temperature could not be identified for acidity (pH), water soluble dry matter and titratable acidity.

Soil salinity is a major agricultural constraint in many countries. Plants’ response to salinity depends on the species and the salt concentration in the soil. The objective of this study was to test the resistance of three leguminous plants - common bean (variety ‘El-Jadida’), broad bean (variety ‘Claro de Luna’), and alfalfa (variety ‘Diamon’) - to several salinity rates and to show which one was more resistant to salt stress. This study was carried out under controlled conditions, with six NaCl concentrations (0, 1, 3, 6, and 9 g/kg) added to a mixture of potting soil and sand. A completely randomised design was used, where the three legumes were cultivated with different salt concentrations to determine the effect of these doses on fresh biomass, dry mass, and physiological parameters (sodium and proline content). The results showed the negative effect of salinity on fresh biomass and dry mass of shoots and roots. Claro de Luna, the broad bean variety, was more adapted to salinity than alfalfa and common bean. The amount of sodium in the shoots and roots of the three species increased with increasing salinity. Alfalfa may play a role in soil desalination; at 53.33 mM NaCl, 100 mg alfalfa dry mass absorbed 4.5 mg Na per pot, which corresponded to the uptake of about 0.6 kg Na per hectare of soil. Proline content increased with increasing salt concentrations.