Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima Lam.) is a well-known, extensively grown and consumed crop, world-wide. Pumpkins are natural and rich source of potential bioactive compounds. The presence of active phytochemicals makes these fruits a great matrix to be further exploited for therapeutic purposes, beyond biotechnological applications. Peel, flesh and seeds of this fruit are heavily loaded with phenolics, flavonoids and carotenoids, which are the main tributes of this functional and medicinal food. Present study was designed to utilize these parts of pumpkin in the form of powders, at 0, 5, 10 and 15% replacement levels with white flour, to develop biscuits and to obtain methanolic extracts of these biscuits to determine their phytochemical parameters. Among the different treatment biscuits, highest amount of total phenolics (101.79 mg GAE/100 g), flavonoids (60.74 mg CE/ 100 g) and DPPH free radical scavenging activity (38.00 mg AAE/100 g) was found in biscuits with 15% replacement of pumpkin seeds powder, while biscuits with 15% replacement of pumpkin flesh powder exhibited highest amount of total carotenoid contents (6.95 mg/ 100 g) and β carotene (2.86 mg/100 g). Functional biscuits developed from replacement of pumpkin parts powders with wheat flour may be offered to patients facing oxidative stress, degenerative diseases and diabetes. These biscuits can be offered to children for better growth and development. Consumers awareness through proper marketing at commercial level with proper labelling of nutritional facts, may lead to increased demand of this functional and medicinal food rich in bio actives.

In this study, the potential of sunflower protein hydrolysates to inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) enzyme was determined. Sunflower protein isolate was hydrolyzed with Alcalase and Trypsin+Chymotrypsin enzymes and the obtained protein hydrolysates were fractionated by ultrafiltration (5 kDa). The degrees of hydrolysis achieved by Alcalase and Trypsin+Chymotrypsin enzymes were 27% and 13%, respectively. The most potent ACE inhibitory activity (IC50=0.06 ± 0.01 mg/mL) was observed for the fraction that has molecular weight below 5 kDa, which was hydrolyzed by Trypsin+Chymotrypsin enzyme (P

In developing countries, consumption habits have changed with the increase in population, the development of technology and industrialization. For this reason, good management of the increase in the amount of solid waste by municipalities is very important for the health and sustainability of nature. The location of the facility to be established is important for the regular storage and efficient disposal of solid wastes. Site selection of landfill facilities in the ‘Site Management and Operation Guide for Landfill Facilities’ published by the General Directorate of Environmental Management; The ratio of the volume to the area, the distance to the buildings, the wind direction, the external view (landscape), the effect on the traffic on the side, the profit from the finished facility, and the effect on the water are evaluated under the sub-headings. With the ‘Konya Solid Waste Management Project’, ‘Aslım Sanitary Landfill’, which was used until 2017, was closed. Instead, the ‘Konya Solid Waste Landfill Site’, which was established in a different region to meet the need, was put into operation. In the study to be carried out in this context; Both fields were evaluated according to the specified criteria and compared with each other using the Analytical Hierarchy Method. As a result, it is aimed that the success rate of the location selection of the new solid waste storage area will be revealed and it will be a base for similar studies to be done in the future.

The current study presents a Turkish Truffle Checklist based on literature and a newly discovered species. Within the two divisions, the list includes 104 species belonging to 35 genera and 20 families, as well as their range and Turkish names. Tuber oligospermum was one of them, and it was recorded for the first time in Turkey. A brief description of newly reported species was provided, along with images of their macro and micro-morphology.

In order to assess the potential, farmers satisfaction, and operation and maintenance issues of selected small scale irrigation schemes in Salale Zone Ethiopia, the study was designed with key objectives of evaluating the current status of irrigation water productivity of the schemes; irrigation water users satisfaction, and structures, function, and power of water users association in sustainable operation and maintenance of irrigation schemes. Structured questionnaires focus group discussion, and key informant interview was employed to collect data for each considered irrigation schemes and the data was analyzed by using SPSS and descriptive statistics. The result overall revealed that there was low water productivity of the schemes when it was compared with acceptable limit values. In each considered irrigation scheme, irrigation water users were not satisfied in operation and maintenance of irrigation schemes and less satisfied in fair distribution of water and timeline of water distribution; but fairly satisfied in fee policy. From the perspectives of roles of irrigation water users in leadership, resource mobilization, infrastructure management, equity in water distribution, and conflict management; there was a gap in effectively performing all such activities so that the overall productivity of schemes becomes very low. In general, the research indicated that there was a problem in improving water productivity, farmers’ satisfaction, role of irrigation water users in management, operation, and maintenance of schemes which need due consideration to sustain small scale irrigation schemes so that it will play the intended roles in attaining food security

Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) is one of the most important pests in greenhouses. This harmful pest has rapidly developed high resistance to many classes of acaricides. In this study, T. urticae populations were collected from cucumber greenhouses in Gümenek village, Tokat, Turkey. Growers in this location use acaricides such as abamectin, hexythiazox and spiromesifen to suppress T. urticae populations. The study aimed to determine the resistance levels of T. urticae populations against to mentioned acaricides. The LC50 values of the collected populations were determined by the spray tower-leaf disc method. The resistance rates were found by dividing the LC50 values of the collected greenhouse populations by the LC50 value of the susceptible population. The resistance levels of T. urticae were determined to be between 1.88-2.14-folds against abamectin, 1.67-1.84 folds against hexythiazox and 1.77-2.09 folds against spiromesifen. According to these results, a low rate of resistance development was observed against abamectin, hexythiazox and spiromesifen.

Bu çalışmada Özlüce Baraj Gölü’nde yaşayan Luciobarbus barbulus (Heckel 1847), Luciobarbus esocinus Heckel 1843 ve Luciobarbus xanthopterus Heckel 1843 türlerine ait 51 morfometrik ve 8 meristik karakter özellikleri incelenmiştir. Morfometrik karakterlerin ve birbirine oranlarının maksimum, minimum, ortalama, standart sapma, standart hata ve değişim katsayıları hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca, morfometrik ölçümlerin standart boy oranlarına ait regresyon denklemi ile korelasyon katsayıları hesaplanmış olup bunun sonucunda pozitif yönde kuvvetli ilişkiler olduğu belirlenmiştir. Meristik karakterlerden, yanal çizgi ve transversal yöndeki pul sayıları, yüzgeçlerdeki basit ve yumuşak ışın sayıları, solungaç diken sayıları, farinks diş sıra ve sayıları ortaya konarak her türe ait tanımlayıcı özellikler belirlenmiştir.

Forecasting of vegetable area, production, and productivity of Nepal was made from the historical data of 1977/78 to 2019/20 by using the Box-Jenkins Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models. The best fitted ARIMA models were chosen based on the minimum value of the selection criterion, Akaike information criteria (AIC) and Bayesian information criteria (BIC). ARIMA (0, 2, 1) model was found suitable for all areas and production, whereas ARIMA (0, 2, 0) model was best fitted for forecasting vegetable productivity. The model was cross-validated by comparing the point prediction with the actual test series data from 2015/16 to 2019/20. The performances of models were determined from the mean absolute percent error (MAPE) value. The MAPE was found to be 2.70%, 2.40%, and 3.80%, respectively for the prediction of area, production, and productivity. The forecast was made for the immediate five years (2020/21 to 2024/25), and it showed an increasing value for area and production while the forecasts of productivity had lower values. The vegetable production policy in Nepal should be planned following accurate forecasts to increase production in the upcoming years. Awareness among the vegetable growers should be raised in the following years with appropriate extension programs.

Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) is an edible wild plant that is widely grown in the world, including Türkiye. Purslane plant, which is an important component of Mediterranean cuisine, can grow spontaneously in nature. Stress conditions can directly or indirectly affect its growth and development in the environment in which it is grown. In the current study, stress conditions of soil organic matter content, irrigation water amount and irrigation water salinity were investigated in pot experiments. The experiments were carried out in a 72 m2 greenhouse established on the Dokuz Eylül University Tınaztepe Campus. From the variables, soil organic matter was applied as 1%, 1.8% (control), 3% and 5% on a dry weight basis. 15 purslane seeds were planted in each pot and left to germinate. Irrigation water amounts were chosen as 100%, 75%, 50%, 30%, 15% of the field capacity. The last variable in the application was determined as the salinity of the irrigation water; the conductivity of the applied irrigation waters were control (tap water-about 0.5 mS/cm), 4 mS/cm, 8 mS/cm, 16 mS/cm. All pots were prepared in four repetitions and the study was carried out with a total of 320 pots. Experiments were carried out for 90 days from the first planting. In the study, it was observed that the increase in organic matter increased plant germination. Statistical evaluation was also made and the effects of irrigation water amount and salinity were also evaluated according to principal component analysis. As the field capacity decreased, decreases were observed in plant growth, but this was mostly observed at 30% and 15% field capacity. The negative effects of salinity on plant growth were observed at 8 mS/cm and 16 mS/cm values.