The Covid-19 outbreak, which started to appear in China in December 2019, spread to the whole world in a short time and was declared as a pandemic by WHO. Pandemic and its quarantine do not only affect the usual lifestyle, economy, but also education. Countries thought that switching schools to distance education would reduce the virus and its spread would decrease. In our country, in the spring term of the 2019-2020 academic year, the transition from face to face education to distance education has been made. On April 6, Selcuk University started distance education. The purpose of this study; This is an online survey on Selcuk University Landscape Architecture Department students’ internet access, participation in classes and their satisfaction during the distance education process. In the light of the findings and results obtained, it is a guiding tool for lecturers and those working in the system infrastructure, in case of continuing distance education as a result of the prolongation of the process or planned to be created in the future.

The aim of the study was to determine the fertility traits of the Kangal Akkaraman sheep in Yildizeli and Central districts of Sivas. In this study, six years data obtained from breeders between 2013 and 2018 were used in National Animal Improvement Project coordinated by the Turkish Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. In the first year of the study, 70 enterprises in 48 villages from both districts included in the projects and these were reduced to 57 enterprises in 33 villages in the sixth year. During the six-year period, 86116 lamb records obtained from a total of 76383 ewes in all enterprises were evaluated. Overall average birth rate was 92.7%. While the differences between years were statistically significant, differences between districts were not significant. Thetriplet births were also observed but they were not evaluated separately because of their low rate (0.1%), so they were included in twin births and evaluated as twins. The average twin birth rate was 22% and differences between years, districts and mating periods (five months between August and December) were significant for that. Overall average weaned lamb rate or the survival rate of the weaning period was 91.3% and differences according to years, districts and lambing periods (five months between January and May) were statistically significant for that. According to the values obtained from 5147 lamb records that were born from 4242 ewes of known age in a sub-project of year 2013; the ages (1-10) of sheep were found to have an effect on the birth type, while it was found to be statistically insignificant for the survival rate. According to the results of the research, it would be useful to take into account the factors that increase fertility in order to maximize profitability in the study area and enterprises with similar conditions.

Global climate change is seen as a process that will directly or indirectly affect living things and ecosystems all over the world. In this process, determining the changes in climate parameters and climate types in advance is of great importance in terms of the measures that can be taken and the preparation for the process. In this study, it is aimed to determine the changes that may be caused by global climate change in some climate parameters and climate types in Mersin, which is one of the important cities of our country. Within the scope of the study, the current status of temperature, precipitation and climate types (according to De Martone and Emberger climate classification) and RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5. It is aimed to compare the possible situations in 2050 and 2070 in the light of scenarios. The results of the study show that temperature, precipitation and climate types will change significantly throughout Mersin province. Today, the temperature varying between -0.4°C and 19°C will change between 4.9°C and 24°C throughout the province in 2070 according to the RCP 8.5 scenario, that is, there will be an increase of around 5°C in the temperature change interval, the precipitation regime will change, Climate types are predicted to shift towards arid climates. This situation shows that climate factors, one of the most important planning criteria, will change significantly in landscape planning studies. Since landscape planning studies continue their effects for many years, it is recommended to take this into consideration in order to make a healthy planning. The results of this study should be used in the planning studies for Mersin province.

The trials were set up in Busia, Embu and Kirinyaga Counties to assess the effect of tillage methods and application of different fertilizer combinations on maize productivity in the lower and upper midland agro-ecological zones of Kenya. Tillage methods were no-tillage (NT) with crop residue retention as mulch (+CR) (NT+CR) and conventional tillage (CT) without crop residue retention on farm surface (-CR) (CT-CR) while fertilizer combinations were NK, NP, PK, NPK, and NPK+CaMgZnBS. The N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, B and S nutrients were applied at the rates of 120, 40, 40, 10, 10, 5 and 26.3 kg ha-1, respectively. The trials were laid in a randomized complete block design with a split-plot arrangement and replicated three times. The results showed that maize leaf area index, plant height, aboveground biomass, crop growth rate, and grain yield were significantly higher under CT-CR than under NT+CR in most of the sites. The CT-CR system out-yielded NT+CR system by 0.3 t ha-1 and 0.6 t ha-1 maize grain in Alupe and Kirinyaga, respectively. However, NT+CR system out-yielded CT-CR system by 0.4 t ha -1 maize grain at Embu. Across all the sites, application of PK and NPK+ZnBMgCaS fertilizer combinations resulted, respectively, in lowest and highest maize shoot biomass, leaf area indices, crop growth rates, plant heights, and grain yields. Based on this result alone, the potential of conservation agriculture in improving yields compared to conventional tillage could not be conclusive despite consistently recording higher soil moisture content across all sites and better yields in Embu. Again, application of a wide range of nutrients may be beneficial to maize production in the study areas as evidenced in the study. Therefore, we recommend multi-season and multi-location trials to comprehensively assess the impact of tillage methods and fertilizer management, particularly in relation to micronutrients.

In this research, the effect of extract obtained from waste mandarin peels on inhibition or retardation of ageing of the leather was investigated. Firstly, mandarin peels were extracted and antioxidant activity of the mandarin peels were detected by using of DPPH method. This antioxidant method is based on DPPH that is a purple stable compound, inhibition with sample compound. Extracted mandarin peel samples were read by spectrophotometer at 517 nm wavelength. At final, antioxidant activity of mandarin extract was determined as 65 µM TE/g. The mandarin extract treated with leather after formic acid fixation as a fixator. Goat leathers were kept under 80°C/UV for 72 hours for aging process and the colour values of initial and hindermost leathers were measured with using of Konica Minolta CM 3600d Brand spectrophotometer. L*, a*, b* and ΔE values of the samples were calculated. At the end of the study, it was found that mandarin extract was a natural antioxidant and if it was used as a fixator it could have aging retardant effect at the leather production. Also, it was determined that the use of waste mandarin peels extract increases the brightness of the leather. The difference between the colour values of the leather samples in which the extract was used and not used was found statistically significant.

Türkiye kuruyemiş üretimi ve tüketimi açısından dünyanın önde gelen ülkeleri arasında yer almakta ve birçok ürün kuruyemiş olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu ürünlerden biri de karpuz çekirdeğidir. Bu çalışmada Mardin, Diyarbakır ve Batman illerinden temin edilen ve çerezlik olarak tüketilen karpuz çekirdeklerinin bazı kimyasal bileşenleri belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca Batman ilinden temin edilen karpuz çekirdekleri 140, 160 ve 180°C’de 60 dakika boyunca kavrulmuş ve kavurma işleminin karpuz çekirdeği yağının oksidatif stabilitesi üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Karpuz çekirdeklerinin kuru madde, kül, yağ, protein, toplam tokoferol ve toplam fenolik madde miktarlarının sırasıyla %95,39-95,58, %3,10-3,38, %51,65-52,75, %32,76-34,87, 360,12-393,16 mg/kg ve 427,75-478,80 mg GAE/kg yağsız kısım aralıklarında değiştiği tespit edilmiştir. Karpuz tohumlarının yağ asidi bileşimi incelendiğinde ise elzem yağ asidi olan linoleik asit açısından (%60,74) önemli bir kaynak olduğu ve oleik asidi de (%20,48) yüksek miktarda içerdiği belirlenmiştir. Yapılan çalışmada karpuz çekirdeklerinin yağ asidi bileşiminin kavurma işleminden etkilenmediği ve peroksit sayısının ise 1,57- 3,0 meq O2/kg yağ olarak dar bir aralıkta değiştiği gözlenmiştir. Buna karşın kavurma sıcaklığının, örneklerin peroksit değeri üzerindeki etkisi istatistik açıdan önemli bulunmuştur. K232 değerleri örneklerde kavurma süresince 2,54 ile 4,01 arasında değişirken, K268 değerleri ise 4,99 ile 5,04 arasında değişmiştir. 180°C’de kavrulmuş örneklerin K232 ve K268 değerleri 140 ve 160°C’de kavrulmuş olanlardan istatistiksel olarak farklı bulunmuştur. Çalışma sonucunda karpuz çekirdeklerinin elzem yağ asidi olan linoleik asidi önemli miktarlarda içerdiği ve kavurma işleminin yağ oksidasyon parametrelerinde düşük düzeylerde değişimlere neden olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Coconut shell extract contains phytochemical compounds tannins, saponins and steroids which are thought to act as antimicrobial compounds. This makes coconut shell extract has great potential as a natural preservative, one of which is the natural preservative coconut sap. This study aims to know the effect of coconut shell type, extraction time, extraction temperature and the combination of the three treatments on the antimicrobial activity and phytochemical extracts produced. This study using a Randomized Block Design (RBD). The factors tested were coconut shell type consisting of: fresh old coconut shell; dry old coconut shell; fresh young coconut shell; dry young coconut shell; length of extraction time consisting of: 3 and 5 hours’ extraction time, and extraction temperature consisting of: 28°C and 70°C. The variables observed in this study include microbiological and phytochemical variables. The results showed that all type of coconut shell extract contains phytochemical compounds such as tannin, saponins, and some samples contain steroid compounds and had the ability of antimicrobial activity, especially in the bacterium A.aceti. The combination of a dry old shell with an extraction time of 3 hours and extraction temperature of 28°C has the highest antimicrobial activity against A.aceti bacteria with inhibition zone diameter of 13.25 mm, positive containing phytochemical compounds tannins, saponins and steroids and contains total phenol levels of 18.67 mg/100g.

Identifying the originality and detecting the authentication of the processed and unprocessed commercial food products ensure food safety. Food adulteration of food products with high commercial value by cheap additives could threaten human health. In this study, we generated and tested five DNA barcodes (ITS, LEAFY, matK, rbcL, ycf1) of the Turkish Protected Designation of Origin Apricot “Iğdır Kayısısı” (Prunus armeniaca cv. Şalak) with related primer pairs. The generated barcodes were deposited on the GenBank database. The results showed that nuclear originated ITS and LEAFY barcodes discriminated the Prunus species and cultivars better than the plastidial barcodes. Due to plenty of ITS barcodes on the databases, and good results in our study we recommend using ITS to identify Prunus species and cultivars.

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production is constrained majorly by drought and low soil fertility in Kenya. These limitations have never been adequately approached due to financial challenges and lack of better technology. A study was carried out in Kirinyaga and Embu Counties to evaluate the effects of tillage method and residual fertilizers on yield performance of dry bean. Dry bean was grown in the short rains season on plots preceded by fertilized maize (Zea mays L.) grown in the long rains season. The trials were laid out in a randomized complete block design with a split-plot arrangement. The tillage methods, NT+CR and CT-CR, where NT: No-tillage, CT: Conventional tillage, and CR: Crop residue, were assigned the main plot and residual fertilizers (NK, NP, PK, NPK, and NPK+CaMgZnBS) the subplots. The results showed that there was 35% and 46% more water retention under NT+CR than under CT-CR system in Embu and Kirinyaga sites, respectively. NT+CR produced higher biomass, more number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, and 1000-seed weight. Plots with residual NPK+ZnBMgCaS yielded higher biomass at 60 DAE, number of seeds per pod, 1000-seed weight and grain yield than plots with other treatments. The residual NPK+ZnBMgCaS and NPK treatments out yielded PK treatment by 600 kg ha-1 and 370 kg ha-1 (Embu) and by 710 kg ha-1 and 330 kg ha-1 (Kirinyaga), respectively. Based on these results, cultivation of dry bean on residual fertilizer nutrients solely or in combination with no-till and crop residue retention after maize harvest has the potential to improve the yields and food security among farmers in the region.