The present study was conducted to identify specific acoustic features which could be used as possible indicators for early diagnosis of pneumonia in buffalo calves. In pneumonia, change in elasticity and resonance of vocal sound producing organs occur which eventually affects the vocal signature of calves. Twenty Murrah buffalo calves' voice was recorded during both healthy and pneumonia infected stage where pneumonia was confirmed by lung X-RAY radiography. From the recorded vocal sound, acoustic features viz. call duration (sec.), call interval (sec.), frequency (Hz), bandwidth (Hz) and peak amplitude (P) with their sub variants were extracted with the help of PRAAT 3.2.36 software. Out of these, call duration (sec.) (0.879+-0.29 v/s 0.689+-0.24), call interval (sec.) (0.288+-0.059 v/s 0.107+-0.047) and peak amplitude (P) (start (0.750+-0.118 v/s 0.435+-0.113), end (0.102+-0.045 v/s 0.508+-0.268) and maximum (0.938+-0.210 v/s 0.684+-0.480)) were found significantly (p LT 0.05) different between two groups. Rest acoustic features did not differ statistically between two groups. This study indicates that it is possible to discriminate pneumonia voice from normal/healthy voice by acoustic analysis and farmers can acquire an early warning of pneumonia infections in calves through this non-invasive method.

Congenital apocrine gland adenoma of tail on ventral aspect in between 2nd and 6th coccygeal vertebrae is reported in an infant buffalo calf. The histological findings are also discussed.

Out of the 290 uterine torsion affected buffaloes presented to the Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex Hospital, GADVASU, Ludhiana, gestation period was complete in 88.6 percent buffaloes and its most (66.2 percent) frequent occurrence was observed second to fourth parity. Most of the uterine torsion were post cervical (95.1 percent), on right side (93.4 percent), of GT 180 deg (82 percent) and presented within 36 h from the occurrence of uterine torsion. Sharma's modified Schaffer's method was attempted to detort 87.9 percent uterine torsion affected buffaloes. There were no significant (P GT 0.05) association of successful detorsion with gestation period, parity, side of torsion, position of torsion and degree of torsion. However, the duration of torsion were significantly (P LT 0.05) associated with successful detorsions. The overall survival rate of uterine torsion affected buffaloes presented at TVCC hospital was 63.4 percent, whereas the survival rate among the successfully detorted buffaloes was about 91 percent. The survival rate of the calves delivered was 18.96 percent and most (59.9 percent) of calves delivered were male. Calf survival and dam survival rate decreased with increase in duration of occurrence. The future fertility decreased with increase in duration of torsion. It is concluded that the increased duration from the occurrence of uterine torsion to its treatment decreases the chances of successful detorsion, dam survival and calf survival.

A 2 years old male buffalo calf was presented with a history of prolapsed mass hanging from of anal region from last 2 weeks with signs of straining and difficulty to defecate. Another signs included inflammatory signs on rectal wall, soiling with dirt and congested mucous membrane. The animal was treated under posterior epidural anesthesia using lignocaine hydrochloride 2 percent. The prolapsed mass was manually replaced and purse string suture was applied. Broad spectrum antibiotics and analgesics were administered postoperatively. Animal recovered uneventfully 8 post treatment days.

The Present study was conducted to retrospectively analyze the pattern of calf mortality (0 to 1 year age) from 1992 to 1993 to 2015 to 2016 in an organized Murrah buffalo herd maintained at Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes (CIRB), Hisar, Haryana. During the study period, highest calf mortality (8.35 percent) was observed inperiod P1 (1992 to 1995), while lowest mortality (2.64 percent) was observed in P7 (2010 to 2013) with an overall mortality rate of 4.94 percent from1992 1993 to 2015 to 2016 over the period of twenty five years.The overallage-specific mortality (9.5 percent) was observed highest in Group I: birth to three months age,while lowest mortality (2.5 percent) was observed in Group 3: 6 to 12 months age. There was no significant difference in overall sex-specific mortality (P LT= 0.01) over the period of twenty four years. Highest proportionate mortality rate (37.6 percent) was observed during winter season and greatest losses in terms of proportionate mortality rate (30.7 percent) were attributed to gastrointestinal plus pneumonia causes of mortality. Chi square test depicted statistically significant association of period, age group, season and cause of deathwith the calf mortality at P LT = 0.01. Retrospective investigation indicates that overall calf mortality rate from birth to one year of age was much lesser during the recent period (P7: 2.6 percent, P8: 3.1 percent) possibly attributed to good husbandry conditions including routine vaccination schedule, optimum colostrum feeding and improved nutritional management as contributing factors here for a steady improvement in the management and health status of calves through time. Based on findings of the highest mortality up to 3 months age (9.5 percent) in the present study, proper hygienic conditions in calf sheds, adequate healthcare, appropriate colostrum feeding and good husbandry conditions during this critical period are recommended to minimise the calf exposure to new infections.

A case-control study was conducted to identify the factors associated with the success or failure of artificial insemination (AI) of buffaloes in Baybay City, Leyte, Philippines. The cow-calf pair was used as the unit of interest in this study regardless of breed and number of buffalo cows the farmers own. Of the 24 selected barangays, an equal number of cases (38 failed AI) and control (38 successful AI) were selected from 78 farmercooperators of the Philippine Carabao Center (PCC) AI program and data were collected using a questionnaire. On the one hand, our study found that every year increment beyond the age at first breeding of the cow could predispose the animals to fail by as much as 2.5 times when compared to younger cows. On the other hand, a monthly increment in the calf weaning age may increase the likelihood of AI success by as much as 50 percent. These results imply that the age at first breeding must be conscientiously considered to allow optimal sexual and physical maturity of the breeding cows while ensuring that first breeding does not occur with too much delay. Moreover, while more mature calves have higher chances of success at weaning, provision of wallow during pregnancy also appears to support AI success as an effective method of cooling.

A case of dystocia in a Murrah buffalo due to Schistosomus reflexus monster is reported and discussed here.

Present case report deals with a rare case of dystocia due to foetal scoliosis (lateral curvature of lumbar region of vertebral column), dwarfism (short body length) and arthrogryposis (deformed joints of limbs) and its successful management through pervaginum.

The present clinical study describes successful surgical management of a rectal stricture due to circumferential fibroma (fibrous ring) in two recently calved adult buffaloes. Both buffaloes had a chronic history of straining while defecation with no rectal prolapse. At presentation, these buffaloes were passing scanty and pasty feces. Per rectal examination revealed rectal stricture due to demarkable circumferential fibrous ring which was later histopathologically diagnosed as fibroma in the sub mucosa of the rectum. Surgical resection of the fibrous ring was done under caudal epidural anesthesia. Both buffaloes recovered uneventfully and no recurrence of this condition was observed on long term follow up of 4 years and six months, respectively.