RESUMO A macieira é dependente da polinização cruzada para que haja a frutificação em níveis adequados. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a intensidade natural de parasitismo por Varoa destructor e dos índices de infecção de Nosema sp. em colmeias de Apis mellifera (Linnaeus) utilizadas em serviços de polinização em pomar de macieiras no município de Vacaria, RS. O estudo abrangeu investigações de sanidade de colmeias antes, durante e após os serviços de polinização de pomares de macieiras. Foram realizadas avaliações de parasitismo natural por ácaros de V. destructor e presença de esporos de Nosema sp., em colmeias oriundas de áreas de mata e com cultivo de canola (safra 2014/15) e de matas e reflorestamento com eucaliptos (safra 2015/16). Em ambas as safras, as colmeias utilizadas apresentaram médias que variam de 3,0 a 6,7 % de parasitismo por V. destructor. Houve aumento nos níveis de parasitismo no período da polinização, em colmeias oriundas de áreas de cultivo com canola (safra 2014/15), já colmeias oriundas de áreas de matas e reflorestamentos com eucaliptos não seguiram o mesmo comportamento. A presença de esporos de Nosema sp. foi constatada em colmeias utilizadas na safra de 2014/15, mas não ocorreu na safra de 2015/16. Os níveis de parasitismo natural por V. destructor em colmeias de A. mellifera utilizadas em serviços de polinização se mantiveram baixos, dentro dos níveis relatados para a região Sul do Brasil, já as infecções causadas por Nosema sp. se mostraram pouco expressivas para as colmeias avaliadas. | ABSTRACT The apple tree depends on cross-pollination for adequate fruiting. The objective of this study was to evaluate the rate of parasitism by Varroa destructor mites and the infection rate of Nosema sp. in hives of Apis mellifera (Linnaeus) used in pollinating services in apple orchards in the municipality of Vacaria, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. The study evaluated the sanitation of beehives before, during, and after apple orchard pollination. Natural parasitism by V. destructor and the presence of Nosema sp. spores were evaluated in hives from areas of forest and canola cultivation (in the 2014/2015 harvest), and from areas of forest and eucalyptus reforestation (2015/2016 harvest). In both harvests, the average rate of parasitism in the hives by V. destructor ranged from 3.0 to 6.7%. The levels of parasitism increased during the pollination period in hives from canola-cultivated areas (2014/2015 harvest), but not in those from the forest and eucalyptus reforestation areas. Spores of Nosema sp. were observed in hives in the 2014/2015 harvest but not in the 2015/2016 harvest. The levels of natural parasitism by V. destructor in A. mellifera hives used in pollination services remained low, and was within the levels reported for the southern region of Brazil. Additionally, the levels of Nosema sp. infection in the hives was low.

ABSTRACT Previous investigations showed that diverse varieties of melon may have different attractiveness for bees. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the composition, frequency and behavior of flower visitors of some melon (Cucumis melo) cultivars (Amarelo, Pele de Sapo, Cantaloupe, Gália) in different conditions (conventional and organic farming, dry and rainy seasons, with and without mulching and introduction or not of honey bee hives) in the main production poles in the Brazilian Northeast (Petrolina-PE/Juazeiro-BA, Pacajus-CE and Mossoro-RN). Observations and collections of flower visitors occurred from 5p.m. to 6p.m, in non-consecutive days. We recorded 12 species of insects, mostly bees. The most frequent was Apis mellifera (99.68%), but other species appeared sporadically (less than 0.5%): Xylocopa grisescens, Trigona spinipes, Plebeia sp., Melipona mandacaia, Frieseomelitta doedereleini, Halicitidae. Apis mellifera was present in all studied cultivars and sites. Xylocopa grisescens appeared in two poles, but not in Pacajus-CE, Amarelo cultivar. In addition, Trigona spinipes, although present in the three poles, was not recorded on Pele de Sapo. The Amarelo cultivar, under organic farming, without the use of mulching, and presence of honey bee hives, in the Petrolina-PE/Juazeiro-BA pole, in the dry season, was the combination of factors showing the largest number of Apis mellifera as the main visitor of melon flowers.