The present study aimed to evaluate the interference of cows genotype and calving order on the milk production and composition during lactation period. Thirty six cow (19 Gir and 17 Guzera) were the studied population, analyzed from October 2005 to February 2008. Gir and Guzera cows showed no significant differences between daily milk production amount of milk produced in 305 days and of lactation duration. There were significant differences in milk fat for Gir and Guzer multiparous, and milk protein for Gir and Guzer primiparous and multiparous. Multiparous Gir cow showed higher lactose rate than Guzera cow. Calving order among cows that multiparous produced milk containing higher fat levels than cow at first giving birth. Total solid (TS) end nonfat dry extract (NDE) was significantly different of both primiparous and multiparous animals between genotypes, except for TS primiparous cows. It was used Student-T test to compare different milk characteristics between genotypes and calving order, setting at 5%. In conclusion, the calving order and genotype do not affect Gir and Guzera milk production, but however, milk composition was interference.

The present work had as objective uses a model of lineal programming algorithm to optimize the use of the water in the District of Irrigation Baixo Acaraú-CE proposing the "best" combination of crop types and areas established of 8,0 ha. The model aim maximize the net benefit of small farmer, incorporating the constraints in water and land availability, and constraints on the market. Considering crop types and the constraints, the study lead to the following conclusions: 1. The water availability in the District was not a limiting resources, while all available land was assigned in six of the seven cultivation plans analyzed. Furthermore, water availability was a restrictive factor as compared with land only when its availability was made to reduce to 60% of its actual value; 2. The combination of soursop and melon plants was the one that presented the largest net benefit, corresponding to R$ 5,250.00/ha/yr. The planting area for each crop made up to 50% of the area of the plot; 3. The plan that suggests the substitution of the cultivation of the soursop, since a decrease in annual net revenue of 5.87%. However, the plan that contemplates the simultaneous substitution of both soursop and melon produced the lowest liquid revenue, with reduction of 33.8%.

The soil of the Paraiba, in generality, are acid and with low levels of available match, seriously limiting the income of the plants. A research in vegetation house was lead, with the objective to evaluate doses of calcareous soil and match in the culture of ricinus. The treatments had been composites for five levels of match: 0.0; 80; 160; 240 and 360 kg ha-1 of P2O5 and four dosis of calcareous rock: 0.0; 2.5; 3.5 and 4.5 t ha-1 in experimental delineation of blocks casualized with 4 factorial project x 3 (four levels of match and three doses of calcareous soil) more two treatments you add zero of match (0.0 P2O5: 2,5 t ha-1 of calcareous soil) and calcareous soil zero (240 P2O5: 0.0 t ha-1 of calcareous soil), with three repetitions. The calcareous soil reduced the acidity of the ground and effect of the application of the match (¿ 80 kg ha-1 of P2O5) in the presence of the collagen (¿ 2.5 t ha-1 of CaCO3) with of the calcareous soil (¿ 2.5 t ha-1 of CaCO3) in the presence of the match was not verified well (¿ 80 kg ha-1 of P2O5). The match applied in the absence of the calcareous soil was limited to the income of the culture of what the calcareous soil in the absence of the match.

This work was accomplished with the objective of evaluating the effect of different levels of salinity of the irrigation water in the development of cowpea. The used design was it entirely randomized with five treatments (0.5, 2.13, 2.94, 3.5 and 5.0 dS m-1) and three replications. The plants were collected to the 45 days after sowing, being appraised: the diameter of the stem, number of nodules in the roots, height, number of leaves, leaf area and total matter dries. The salinity influenced lineally in the vegetative growth of the bean cowpea, being all the reduced characteristics with of the saline level. The most affected characteristics for the largest saline level were leave area (65.90%), the matter dries (69.10%) and the number of nodules (98.71%).

A synopsis of the species of Euphorbiaceae from the National Park Serra of the Itabaiana, state of Sergipe is presented here with information about their geographic distribution, key of identification, synonyms, and habitats. The family in the Park is represented by 24 species distributed among 11 genera.

Zizyphus joazeiro tree is a typical semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil, is mainly in the areas of crystalline basement in lower parts, where soils are deeper. It is endemic to biome caatinga, has great economic potential and importance to the semi-arid region, both in terms of socio-environmental, adds several species of bees, insects and birds, and for animal feed as fodder. The objective was to evaluate the possible effects of water stress and salt in the germination of seeds of Zizyphus joazeiro. The number of seeds in 100 per treatment, 04 repetitions of 25 seeds were placed to germinate on filter paper soaked with different solutions of NaCl and PEG 6000 (2.5 share the weight of paper: 1.0 solution or water) in potential 0.0 (control distilled water); -0.3, -0.6; and -0.9 MPa. Then were placed in the germination chamber at a temperature of 30 ºC in the presence of light. The results led to the conclusion that salt stress provides further reduction in the germination and speed of germination of Zizyphus joazeiro seeds than the water stress, regardless of the substance used for stress induction, germination limit was 0.6 to -0.9 MPa.

With base in the context, the objective of the present work was to study the effect of the fertirrigation of the vinasse and to accompany the decomposition of the same incorporate to the soil, in evolution terms and liberation of CO2. They were appraised effects of the application with in nature vinasse on the soil, where the same was treated with three vinhaça levels: 200, 400 and 600m3.ha-1), with humidity maintained around 70% of the capacity of retention of water. For the liberation of CO2 they were made precipitations and titulation with HCl to 1N. Considering by base the appraised levels, the study lead to the following conclusions: 1. After the in nature vinasse addition they didn't detect significant differences in the amount of CO2 liberated by the microorganisms to the 30 and 90 days of incubation; 2. The analyses of the results for 60 days of incubation had significant alterations, where it was verified that there was a reduction in the amount of liberated CO2 of 51 and 42,5% in the respective levels of 200 and 400 m3.ha-1, an increment of 63% was also detected for the level of 600 m3.ha-1; 3. However for 120 days of incubation the in nature vinasse addition provoked significant alterations with increment in the liberation of CO2 78,3; 38,7 and 72,6% for 200, 400 and 600m3.ha-1 respectively.

The objective of this work, is to evaluate the growth components of castor cultivars under irrigation conditions in the region of Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil. For both, used to the design in blocks randomized, and the treatments consisting of castor cultivars CSRN-142, CSRN-393, CSRD-2, CNPAM-2001-49, CNPAM-2001-50-2001-and CNPAM 212) and times of assessment (to 29, 40, 50, 64 and 78 days after planting - DAP), arranged in the scheme split plots 6 x 5, with six repetitions. The growth was measured by plant height (HP), the stem circumference (CIRC) and leaves number per plant (NL). Cultivars differ among themselves about the growth characteristics in all seasons studied, except for the first timemaking data for HP and NL. The CNPAM-2001-49 and CNPAM-2001-50 showed, in general, very similar behavior, and cycles with size larger than the CSRN-142, CSRN-393, CSRD-2.

It was objectified, in this work the standardization of the germination test with relationship to the temperature and the removal of the tegument for the evaluation of the seeds of pinhão-manso (Jatropha curcas L). For so much, the germination test was accomplished with four repetitions of 25 seeds for each treatment. The treatments was arranged in a complete randomized design, in outline factorial 4 x 2 (4 temperatures 20 ºC; 25 ºC; 20-30 ºC and 30 ºC, and 2 type seeds with and without tegument). The sown was accomplished in system roll, humidified with volumes of water (mL), equivalent to 2.5 times the weight of the paper (g). The treatments were installed in cameras of germination of the type BOD under regime of white light. They were appraised the germination with counts to the 10 and 15 days of the beginning of the test and index of germination speed. In agreement with the results obtained in the present work, it can be concluded that the seeds with tegument presented larger germination percentage, and the retreat of the tegument affects the germination and vigor of the seeds negatively. The temperatures of 25 ºC and 30 ºC constants are favorable the germination and vigor of the seeds, while the temperatures of 20 ºC constant and 20-30 ºC alternate they commit the acting in the germination and vigor of the seeds of pinhão-manso.

Plague control is based almost exclusively on application of chemical substances, however these products are toxic to men and animals and cause odd effects on environment quality. In Plague Integrated Management (PIM), the use of selected insecticides and entomopathogenic fungi should be considered as one viable strategy for plague control in agriculture. This work aimed to evaluate, in laboratory, the compatibility of the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum and Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae with the oil of Nim. The addition of the product was made to the potato-dextrose-agar medium still liquid (±45°C), in a way that the final concentration obeyed 50% of the producer's recommendation. After fungi inoculation, the dishes were incubated in a cimatized room at 28°C, photophase of 12 hours and relative humidity of 75±5% for 12 day period. The number of conidia per colonie was counted with a Neubauer chamber. Statistic delineament was entirely in random, with two treatments (PDA with insecticide), and a control group (PDA without insecticide), and 9 repetitions for each treatment. The results showed that the insecticide inhibited conidial production in Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae strains when compared to the control group. The diameter of Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum colonies suffered significative reduction in its size, compared to control. The tested insecticide, in the concentration and formulation used, presented compatibility with the tested strains.