The objectives of this research were synthesize and characterize the allelopatic activity of 6a,7bdi-hydroxyvouacapan-17b-oic acid derivatives, isolated from seeds of Pterodon polygalaeflorus Benth (Leguminosae). The compound characterization processes involve in infrared spectrometry (IR) and hydrogen and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C NMR) including experiments in double dimensions (COSY 1H 1H, HMQC and HMBC). Allellopathic effects were evaluated by bioassays, carried out at controlled 25 °C temperature and photoperiod (12h light/12h dark), during 72 hours. Sample concentrations of 1,0, 100,0 and 1000,0 mg.L-1 were tested. Senna occidentalis (fedegoso) and Acanthospermum australe (carrapichinho) were used as the target weed plants. Was observed that the allelopatic effect of the compounds increased as a function of the enhancement of concentration, thus showing a relation dose dependence. The N-ethyl-6a-acethoxy- 7b-hydroxyvouacapan-17b-amide and N,N-diethyl-6a-acethoxy-7b-hydroxyvouacapan 17b-amide were the derivatives that present the biggest inhibitory effect on seed germination and root growth of fedegoso and carrapichinho. Therefore, these compounds represent the most allelochemical potential against these weeds.

The process of water erosion soil involves the detachment of particles soil by raindrop impact, the transport and consequently your deposition, by overland flow of water on the soil. This drainage happens in the flow form to laminate shallow what characterizes the interrill erosion. The work evaluated the efficiency in the different ways of soil cover provided by the sugarcane in the control of the losses of water and of the rates of detachment of the soil. The appraised treatments were: bary soil, residue under surface; dossal of the sugarcane and the added effect of the residue + dossal. The regime of found drainage, to laminate slow, it characterizes the interril erosion. The vegetable covering promoted by the culture of the sugarcane it promoted reduction in the rates of detachment of the soil. The residue in direct contact with soil and with the drainage it was responsible for the increment of the rugosidade, however, it provided low infiltration rates with consequent increase of the rates of loss of water, for constituting in a vegetable layer that hindered the infiltration. The dossal of the cane of suugarcane promoted a larger interception of the rain, delaying the beginning of the drainage, checking the largest infiltration rates obtained.

Cotton seeds require special care during storage to maintain their physiological and sanitary quality. The present work evaluated the physiological and sanitary quality of seeds of three varieties of herbaceous cotton stored for three (Lot 1) and twelve months (Lot 2). Analyses were performed in the Laboratório de Análise de Sementes e de Fitopatologia of the Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Areia-PB, and included tests for: emergence (E), vigor (IVE), green weight (PV), dry weight (PS) and the "Blotter test". Tests for physiological quality were performed in a randomized manner using a (3x2) factorial scheme, with four replicates with 25 seeds. Data on sanitary quality are presented according to the fungus index expressed as percentages. Seeds of the varieties CNPA 7H and BRS Verde demonstrated good levels of emergence after up to 12 months of storage, while seeds of the variety BRS Verde initially demonstrated dormancy, although this was overcome during storage. The fungus most commonly observed among the seed varieties in both storage lots was Rhizopus sp. The variety Aroeira do Sertão demonstrated the greatest incidence and variety of fungal species, a large majority of which were classified as storage fungi.

The ground pods of mesquite (GPM) was submitted to different thermal treatments for two hours after wanted temperature stabilization, for making of the treatments: A = ground pods of mesquite without heat treatment (approximately 30ºC); B = The ground pods of mesquite treated at 60ºC; C = The ground pods of mesquite treated at 80ºC; D = The ground pods of mesquite treated at 100ºC and E = The ground pods of mesquite treated at 120ºC. Soon after, samples were collected for accomplishment for chemical analyses and in vitro digestibility. A completely randomized design with three replications was utilized. The DM, CP, NFE, CF, ADF, celluloses, lignin, ash and CE values, did not were affected (P>0.05) by temperature. It was observed a quadratic effect (P<0.01) on the contents of EE, decreasing linear effect (P<0.01) on the CC and increasing linear effect on the NDF (P<0.01) and Hemicellulose (P<0.05) contents. The in vitro dry matter digestibility and the in vitro organic matter digestibility were not affected (P>0.05) by temperature. On the other hand the in vitro protein digestibility level, showed a quadratic effect (P<0.05), decreasing after 54ºC.

The research was lead in two experiments with the objective of to identify methods to superation of dormancy in seeds of Leucaena leucocephala, Cunningham variety, and to verify the effect of light and temperatures in germination of this species. In first the seeds were submitted the nine methods to superation of dormancy: immersion in water under ambient temperature during 24, 48 and 72 hours, immersion in hot water under temperatures of 60, 80 and 100oC, immersion in sulfuric acid per 5 and 10 minutes, beyond of the witness. In second experiment, after treatment with sulfuric acid for 10 minutes, the seeds were sowed in tabledoch paper type Germitest and put to germinate under ten combinations: continue light and constant temperature of 20, 25, 30 and 35oC; dark continue and constant temperature of 20, 25, 30 and 35oC; alternated temperature of 20-30 and 25-35, both with fotoperiod of eight hours. Conclusion the specie Leucaena leucocephala presents seeds dormancy, detach-itself the sulfuric acid as efficient method to the superation of dormancy; the seeds of leucena are insensitive to the light and your germination was not influenced by the temperatures useds.

The effects of the fertirrigation were evaluated with in nature vinasse on to microorganism of the soil. The soil was treated with three levels different from in nature vinasse (equivalent to 200, 400 and 600m3.ha-1), withhumidity maintained around 70% of c.r.a.. Para isolation and count of the total microorganisms (bacterias, mushrooms and actinomicetos) and microorganisms celulolíticos were used the methods of the dilutions in series. The population of mushrooms had a significant increase with addition of the level of in nature vinasse of 200m3.ha-1, and the population of bacterias only obtained increase starting from the 120 days of incubation, tends larger growth in the level of vinasse 600m3.ha-1. The number of actinomicetos of the soil had a significant reduction in all the levels standing out the one of 600m3.ha-1, already with relationship to the population of microorganisms celulolíticos an increase of in nature vinasse 200m3.ha-1 was verified.

That revision article has for purpose to contain works regarding the of the you analyze physiochemical and microbiológicas of bee honey. They are related some of the most important goods published on the subject, to explain the main ones you analyze that the honey of bees should be submitted since it is a product in natura broadly consumed. The knowledge of the characteristics organoléptica, sensorial and microbiológicas of the honey has been aiding a lot in the characterization and quality control of that food.

The study aimed to: assess the effects of plant densities in the behavior of genotypes of maize; Select the genotypes of greater adjustment and grain yield and better density of planting in the municipality of Rio Largo-AL. It was evaluated the genotypes: UFAL-1, UFAL-4, UFAL-5, UFAL-7, Sertanejo, Cruzeta and AL-30, and the densities: 55,555, 66,666, 77,777 and 88,888 plants.ha-1. Used randomized block design scheme in a split plot with three replicates. The plots (4 rows 18mx0, 9m) was formed by genotypes and the subplots (4.5 mx0 ranks, 9m) by densities, with one plant per pit. It was determined the variables: plant height and insertion of the 1st spike, the stem diameter, ear size and number of rows of grain in ear, index of ears and yield. The density of planting of 55,555 plants.ha-1 improved performance in the variables, plant height, diameter of the stem, size of the ear, index of spike and grain yield in genotypes; Genotypes AL-30 and UFAL-4 outperformed the others in grain yield; Low correlation of the variables studied with the yield; Lack of water during the flowering to maturity of the grains meant that the genotypes expressing its full potential.

The current work had the objective to evaluate the effect of Hydropriming about the germination and emergence of seeds of cucumber, ordering improve the velocity and informing of this. The tests was conduced in the laboratory of Analysis of Seeds and Didactic Garden of Department of Plant Sciences of Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido - UFERSA, in the period of September to October at 2009. For this, it was utilized seeds of cucumber cultivate Aodai, with four replications for next treatment (demonstration, Hydropriming and Hydropriming + drying). The seeds was hydroconditioned in towel-paper, in 20 ºC, until culminate 42,8% of humidity. Later were drying in ambient temperature of laboratory (28-30 ºC) and 45-55% of relative humidity, until hit moisture of 7,3%. The seeds was evaluated for tests of germination, velocity index of germination, first count of germination, aerial part length of seedling and aerial part dry matter mass. The statistical analysis was effectuated separately for next feature evaluated, determining the effects of treatments in completely randomized design, being the comparison of means out Tukey test in level of 1% of probability. Though the Hydropriming with or out drying promote benefit effects about the emergence of seedlings, aspect relationship of establish of stand, the technical needs of improvement for specie, given in necessity of adaptation of methodology of priming.

Knowledge of the speed of infiltration of water into the soil is of fundamental importance to define the methods of soil conservation, planning and design of irrigation systems and drainage. In order to study the speed of infiltration of water into a OxiLatossoil, before the system management tillage applying different empirical models, this work was conducted Centro de Ciências Agrárias, at the Federal University of Alagoas (CECA - UFAL), in order to evaluate the behavior of the equations of Kostiakov, Kostiakov-Lewis and Horton which Were used to estimate the Water infiltration rate in studied soil by using simple the soil under study, using a simple ring to evaluate the infiltration of water in the field. It was then that the system on the equation that more fit the model of the simple ring infiltrometer was to Kostiakov followed the model of Horton.