This experiment was carried through with objective to evaluate bromatologicament the aerial part and the root of 11 (eleven) to cultivate of cassava, thus determining information for the animal consumption. The experiment was developed in the Experimental Station "Felipe Camarão" pertaining to Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Rio Grande do Norte S/A - EMPARN, situated in São Gonçalo do Amarante - RN. The following variable had been evaluated: Dry substance, mineral substance, organic substance and rude protein, of the root and aerial part and fiber in acid detergent, fiber in neutral detergent, etéreo extract, insoluble nitrogen in acid detergent, insoluble protein in acid detergent,, total carbohidrates and not-fiber carbohidrates only of the aerial part of the cassava. The used experimental delineation block-type complete was casualizados, with four repetitions. The experimental treatments had been the following ones to cultivate of cassava, proceeding from the Experimental Stations of da EMEPA, EMBRAPA Mandioca e Fruticultura, EMPARN: Cigana Preta, Surrão, Pão da Tarde, Manteiga, Salangó, Osso Duro, Amazonas, Eucalipto, Monge, Bahia Preta e Bravo Preto. It concludes that we must limit the consumption of the aerial part of any to cultivate of the cassava the what concerns amount of indigestível fiber. On the other hand, to cultivate studied them present an excellent Rude Protein concentration. To cultivate Brave if it detaches for presenting one high amount of protein (12.88%).

The aim of this research was to examine the response of utilization of wastewater and organic manure on the growth of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. cv. Embrapa BRS Oásis). The study was carried out from April to July 2009 in a greenhouse. Sunflower plants were irrigated with wastewater and tap water combined with doses of humus (w/w) of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% and two controls (wastewater + mineral NPK and tap water + NPK) with three replications. Humus application did not show significant effect on any variable analyzed except duration of post-harvest where all treatments presented duration more than the established by the market, while the wastewater was efficient in all assessments, promoting substantial increases in the growth of sunflower.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of weed interference with Brachiaria brizantha pasture establishment and regrowth after cutting. Two experiments were conducted simultaneously in randomized complete blocks with four replications. In the first test, forage was grown together with weeds for 0; 7; 14; 21; 28; 35; 42; 49; 56, and 63 days after forage emergence (DAE) and in the second, the forage was maintained weed-free for the same periods. The weed population was evaluated during coexistence period between weeds and forage crop. The forage yield and leaf / stem ratio of B. brizantha were evaluated after forage cutting (63 DAE), and 119 and 289 DAE. Weed growth was strong in coexistence with B. brizantha during pasture formation, causing a reduction in forage yield. The period considered critical in the competition between the weed and forage community lasted from 9 to 26 DAE. However, there were also significant effects on the regrowth of B.brizantha after the second forage cut, in the dry season, showing that pasture recovery after cutting was prejudiced by the competing weeds during the pasture establishment. The competition did not affect the photoassimilate partitioning between leaves and stems in the forage plant.

Excessive salt can to promote water soil retention, reducing your availability to plants. Besides, they can interfere in protoplasm metabolism. The plants ability to survive in salinity conditions is an important factor to geographic distribution and agriculture in salinized regions. The objective of this work was to verify the effects of the NaCl in the growth, dry matter distribution and N, K, Ca, Mg, Na, and Cl content in young plants. The experiment was conducted in 'Leonard' pots, with nutrient solutions, with NaCl (0, 25, 50 and 100 mmol L-1). Increasing of NaCl concentration reduces growth and total dry matter. There was an increase of N and K content, in shoots, and N and Mg content in roots. There was an reduction in Mg content in shoots, and reduction of Ca content in roots with increasing of NaCl. Leucaena plants were inefficient to exclude Na and Cl, in shoots principally.

Brazil is the fourth cocoon producer in the world. In São Paulo State there are mulberry some hybrids whose productivity are higher than the commonly cultivated varieties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of mulberry hybrids (Morus spp.) on the cocoon production of silkworm (Bombyx mori L.). The experiment was conducted at the Unidade Regional de Pesquisa de Gália do Instituto de Zootecnia, SP. The caterpillars were fed on leaves of the hybrids IZ-3/2, IZ-13/6, IZ-15/7, IZ-19/13, IZ-56/4, IZ-57/2, IZ- 40, IZ-64, in a rearing hut at 25 oC ± 3 oC and 75% ± 5% relative humidity. 'Korin' was used as standard. The hybrids affected the duration of the larval period and the weight of the caterpillars, prepupaes and the silk glands as well. There was a reduction in the duration of larval development when the caterpillars had been fed with hybrid IZ-56/4 and the 'Korin' variety. Hybrids IZ-57/2, IZ-56/4 and IZ-15/7 presented the highest cocoon production.

The cultivation of sweet herb of great economic importance for small farmers in the micro and Agrest Swamp of Paraíba and also in the state of Pernambuco. Among the natural enemies, the scissors Euborellia annulipes proves to be a voracious predator, that is, with high ability to attack and feed on different prey, particularly of eggs and immature stages of insects of Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera and Diptera. The objective of this research was to study the biological aspects of E. annulipes on H. foeniculi laboratory. The study was conducted at the Entomology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection at the UFPB in a climatic chamber, at 25 ± 1 ºC, relative humidity of 70 ± 10% RH and 12 hours. Scissors were selected in adulthood from rearing on artificial diet in the laboratory. From these insects have made observations of posture, viability and morphology of eggs of E. annulipes. Fifty nymphs were selected for each stage of development (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) of the scissors and fed separately with aphids (1st-2nd, 3rd and 4th instar). There has been evaluation regarding the number and duration of instars. There are five instars to the nymphal stage of E. annulipes, the average incubation period was 12.9 days, pre-oviposition period of 18.2 days and 46.75 eggs per clutch, there was an increase of nymphal E. annulipes in that it offered up more aphids developed.

This work aimed to study the weed population dynamics of weeds and their influence to analyze in the corn production with the reduction of the space between lines in no-tillage system. The study was conducted in 2003/04 agricultural years, at the Experimental Station of Coimbra ¿ UFV. The experiment was conducted in a complete randomized block design. Treatments were arranged in a 3 x 3 x 2 factorial scheme with four replicates (three cultivars - UFVM 100, AG 9010 and AG 1051) three nitrogen application ways (0, 120 kg ha-1 of N in planting and 30 kg ha-1 at sowing + 90 kg ha-1 at four fully expanded leaves) and two plant spacing (1.0 and 0.5 m). For the phytosociological study, a square of 0.30 m of side was used, thrown at random once in each treatment before the application of the herbicides and 30 and 60 days after the application. The species with the highest density was Artemisia verlotorium, whatever the time of assessment and management used throughout the sampling dates. The population dynamics and the mass accumulation dries of the plants were not influenced by the spacing of the corn, for the nitrogen fertilization and for the studied cultivars. The spacing reduction, from 1.0 m to 0.50 m, provided an increase of 8% in grains productivity.

This study was aimed to adjust probability distributions to a data series of maximum and minimum daily air temperature of Iguatu city in different periods of time, for the purpose of observe that the distributions under study has a better performance and has recommended its use to estimate the probability of occurrence of the estimated values of maximum and minimum air temperature. For the adjustment the data in distribution of frequency were used six probability distributions: Beta, Gamma, I Gumbel, Log-Normal, Normal, and Weibull. Through the adherence tests of Kolmogorov-Smirnov at 20% of significance and Chi-square at 5%, the distributions Normal Log-normal and have a better fit to the data for all scales analyzed, recommended the use of normal function by ease the estimation of its parameters and probabilities.

The use of pioneer plants, mainly nitrogen-fixing leguminous trees, associated to the secondary and climax species, has been making possible good results in the land reclamation. However, it is important to establish the appropriate spacing among the form species obtaining a fast covering and protection of the soil, without there is strong competition of the plants for light, water and nutrients. So, the objective of this work was to evaluate the growth of the Hymenaea courbaril and leguminous trees at, in system quincux, in different spacings. The treatments, in factorial scheme 3 x 3 with three replicates, corresponded to three species of pioneer leguminous trees (Acacia mangium, Senna multijuga and Leucaena leucocephala combined with Hymenaea courbaril) and three spacings among pioneer plants (4 x 2; 4 x 3 and 4 x 4 m). After one and two years of planting determined the height, stem diameter at ground level and crown diameter of pioneer plants and Hymenaea courbaril. Acacia mangium showed growth characteristics superior to those of Senna multijuga and Leucaena leucocephala, however, no influence of spacing between species in relation to these characteristics. The growth characteristics of the Hymenaea courbaril were not influenced by pioneer species associated, however, the denser spacing between the pioneer species favored the greatest increase.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the control of mound-building termites (Isoptera: Termitidae) by entomopathogenic fungi (Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana). We developed two experiments, with two copies of application in three sizes of nests. The first was installed in the Salto Macaúba farm and second in the Laboratory of Plant Protection at the State University of Mato Grosso do Sul. The first experiment consisted of five repetitions, each nest an experimental unit, with treatments in a factorial 2 (fungi) x 2 (tests) x 2 (type of spraying) + 1 control, distributed completely at random in the area. The treatments were: 1) control - no implementation, 2) Metarril M103 (M. anisopliae) - 10g/mound - dusting, 3) Metarril M103 - 10 g/ mound - via net, 4) Metarril M103 - 15 g/ mound - dusting , 5) Metarril M103 - 15 g/mound - via net, 6) Boveril B102 (B. bassiana) - 10 g/mound - dusting, 7) Boveril B102 - 10 g/mound - via net, 8) Boveril B102 - 15 g/mound - dusting and 9) Boveril B102 - 15 g/mound - via net. The testing of mortality were made spraying of the laboratory with the field measurements performed in compliance with the same separation of the nests. The results suggested that the road dust (dosage of 10 g) of the fungi studied showed higher mortality of nests of small size (53%). B. bassiana (Boveril) (10 g) gave 80% mortality of C. cumulans when applied to nests of small size.