The interrill erosion can be the most harmful form water erosion, due it drags of the superficial layer of the soil, where it essential elements to the crop development. This work had the objective of evaluating the soil losses for different slopes and doses of residue of sugar-cane straw. The experiment was led at Soil Conservation laboratory of UFRPE, it was constituted in the evaluation of the water erosion obtained under simulate rains in experimental portions (1,0 m x 0,5 m x 0,1 m). It was observed that there was difference for the applied doses of 0,4 and 0,6 kg m-2 of soil cover, in relation to the bare soil, so much for the soil losses as for it rates them of soil detachment, demonstrating the effectiveness of the cover of the soil in the reduction of the erosion rates. With relationship to the applied slopes, therewas an increase of the soil losses and of the rates of soil detachment, with the elevation of the slopes among all the cover doses. The residues in the surface of the soil reduce the rates of soil detachment and they increase the resistance to the surface water, provoking decrease of the Numbers of Reynolds and of Froude, evidencing the interrill erosion. The laminar slow regime of surface water to attest the interrill erosion.

The present research evaluated the physical barriers influence in the water distribution profiles of five microsprinkler of the mark DAN 2001, with the respective combinations of diameters and drains same to 0,84 mm and 20 L h-1, 1,10 mm and 35 L h-1, 1,33 mm and 55 L h-1, 1,48 mm and 70 L h-1 and 1,75 mm and 95 L h-1, with the objective of evaluating the behavior of your distribution profiles in function of the factors: height and distance of physical barriers. The water distribution profiles without barrier of the microsprinkler that use the two smaller diameters and the two smaller drains present, in general, an initial tendency of growth of the precipitations, followed for reduction and increase gradativo until reaching maximum value, decreasing until reaching the end again, where the reach ray of the microsprinkler corresponds to the last value above registered zero. The diameters and rains respectively same 1,33 mm and 55 L h-1, 1,48 mm and 70 L h-1 and 1,75 mm and 95 L h-1 had the water distribution profiles similar for all the heights and distances of the barriers, just differentiating the intensities of precipitations, and the reach rays of the microsprinkler. The water distribution profiles for all the mouthpieces and your respective rotors had values of precipitations same to zero for the physical barriers of different heights placed 1,0 m of distance, fact that due to the presence of barriers in the place of installation of a collector.

Aiming on estimating the evapotranspiration (ETc) and crop coefficient (Kc) of passion fruit, an experiment was carried out at the Federal University of Ceará - UFC, The field experiment was carried out at the Curu Valley Experiment Station (FEVC) of the Federal University of Ceará, in Pentecoste - CE, during the period of May, 2004 to February, 2005. The evapotranspiration of the crop was estimated trough the law of conservation of masses using the water balance in a controlled volume of soil with a depth of 0.60 m. The period of the water balance was 296 days after transplanting (DAT). The results showed a variable increase of the accumulated the evapotranspiration during the cycle of the passion fruit plant went to the tension of 1,489.3 mm for 35 kPa. The evapotranspiration daily average in the tension was 35 kPa of 5.81mm day-1. The medium values in the crop coefficient were study for the 1.09Penman - Monteith - FAO and 0.88 Class A pan.

This experiment was conducted in greenhouse nursery (50%) located in the orchard, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA) in order to assess the initial response of seedlings of cherry-the-woods to the effect of doses of single superphosphate. The design was a randomized blocks with four treatments, four repetitions and sixteen plants per plot. We used 4 doses of single superphosphate (0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 kg/m3 of substrate). Thefertilization with the single superphosphate was made in the substrate, at the time of filling the bags for production of switches. We evaluated the characteristics: height changes (cm), the root length (cm), number of leaves per plant, dry matter of shoots, roots and the total (g / plant). There was a significant effect of doses of single superphosphate for all characteristics except for the length of root and dry root. Since the doses of 5.29, 10.0, 5.86 and 6.15 10.0 kg/m3 of the substrate that provided greater height (17.18 cm), number of leaves (9.85); dry of shoot (2.04 g) and total dry weight (2.76 g), respectively.

The Grass, have high relation for C / N and a fascicule root system, is an alternative for use in the system of tillage (SPD) in northeastern Brazil. This work had the objective to assess the effects of three plants and grass cover on the components of production of the corn crop in no-tillage system and accumulation of biomass of their grass. The design was randomized blocks with four replications, with each plot area of 112 m2 (5,6 x 20,0m). The treatments consisted of the corn cultivation, DKB-333-B, about three grass species (Brachiaria decumbens, Brachiaria humidicola and Tifton in the system of tillage and a witness, without vegetation. The B. decumbens provided higher income to the corn crop, producing 5708 kg ha-1, didn't differ of the witness. The use of grass as cover plants are a viable alternative to the SPD of the corn crop, adding value by producing two crops (corn and grass), and protect the soil against erosion and produce forage for ruminants during the between-season .

An unidentified Lepidoptera species was found defoliating Eucalyptus cloeziana (Myrtaceae) in a cerrado area of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Pupae of this insect, collected in the area, were brought to the laboratory and maintained in Petri dishes (9.0 cm x 1.5 cm) under 25 ± 2oC, relative humidity of 60 ± 10% and 12 hours photophase to obtain adults and eggs. This insect was identified as Hylesia paulex Dognin (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae), and, in that way, the objective of the present study was to register for the first time its herbivory in E. cloeziana plants. Newly-emerged caterpillars were reared in 10 plastic pots (500ml), with 30 caterpillars per pot and fed, daily, with fresh leaves of Eucalyptus cloeziana (Myrtaceae). The egg incubation period of H. paulex was 32.00 ± 1.19 days. The total duration of the seven instars of this insect was 67.83 ± 0.84 days. Hylesia paulex completed its life cycle with E. cloeziana plants, what proves its adaptability to this kind of exotic Myrtaceae in Brazil.

The present work had as main objective to identify and to characterize rural producers as well as it productive systems. The characterization of the small producing native of northeastern Brazil, supported in a scientific knowledge about the local agricultural reality, is fundamental to elaborate politics of diffusion of technologies, programs and projects of agricultural development for the northeast. The disorganization of the productive chain and the little articulation among the different segments of this chain, allied the lack of zootecnic control, to the genetic standard bass of the flocks and the technical, managerial less information and of market of the producers it has been resulting in low productive indexes dedicated to the exploration of the cattle raising in Brazil. For initiative of the Clerkship of Agriculture of Quixeramobim a questionnaire was elaborated in partnership with IBAMA, SEBRAE and EMATERCE. The same was applied in the 11 districts of the municipal district in an eclectic and including way, in order to obtain a sampling the most representative possible. The great totality of the producers maintains a typical profile of the family agriculture, with emphasis in the subsistence, little technological progress and little specialization. Turning them less competitive and more susceptible to the adversities, be of physical, climatological, managerial nature or the commerce.

Erosivity is the potential ability of rain to cause erosion on somewhere. With the objective of mapping the rainfall erosivity in the entire State of Pernambuco, the average monthly values of the EI30 index with were correlated with Fournier rainfall coefficient and the average monthly precipitation, as well as the yearly values of the index EI with average yearly precipitation values. Data from 11 localities representative of their distinct climatic regions were utilized. From the best regression equations found for each region, the average yearly values of the EI30 index were calculated ( Factor R of Universal Soil Loss Equation - USLE) for 96 localities in the State, based on periods of 14 to 75 years of rainfall records. The values of erosivity found varied from 1,500 to 10,000 (Mj mm ha-1 h-1 year-1), where the Zona da Mata, Agreste and Sertão regions presented a moderate erosive potential, with values from 1,500 to 3,500 (Mj mm ha-1 h-1 year-1). The litoral region, was characterized by high erosivity, with annual average values of the index EI bethween 5.500 to 10.000 (Mj mm ha-1 h-1 year-1).

This research aimed to study competition effects of legumes intercropping and weeds on seeds yield and quality of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. The experiment was carried out in a Rhodic Nitisol, under field condition in Botucatu region, São Paulo State, Brazil. Ten treatments were tested: sorghum (cv. A-6304) intercropped with Dolichos lablab L., Mucuna aterrima (Piper et Tracy) Holland, Canavalia ensiformis D.C. or Crotalaria juncea L., that were sown in the same time of sorghum or 20 days after the sorghum sowing, and sorghum weed-free and sorghum without weeding. The experimental design employed was the completely randomized blocks with four replications. There were evaluated sorghum seeds yield and some characteristcs of seed quality: purity, hectolitric weight, 1000 seeds weight, insect infestation, germination and vigor (by first counting of germination test and accelerated ageing test). The competition caused by legumes intercropping and weeds affected the yield and the physical and physiological characteristics of sorghum seeds, but the intensity of prejudicial effects depended on the time and the species of legume intercropping.

The objective this work was to evaluate the effect of microbial and chemical insecticides on the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda in the development initial phase of crop corn. The work was lead in the experimental area of the State University of Mato Grosso do sul, in Cassilândia (MS) city. The treatments had been: 1) control; 2) fipronil; 3) thiametoxan; 4) Beauveria bassiana (0,5 kg of p.c/ha), 5) Beauveria bassiana (1 kg of p.c/ha), 6) teflubenzuron and 7) spinosad, in the doses and recommended way of application. After the tenth second after the emergency of the plants (DAE), had been day applied the treatments in foliar spraying (PF), being evaluated to the 2, 9, 15 and 21 days after the application (DAA), the number of small caterpillars (lesser that 1,5 cm) for parcel in 20 showed plants. The applied results show that teflubenzuron and spinosad in PF to the 12 DAE had been most efficient (71 and 83% respectively). The microbial¢s insecticides had not differed significantly from the chemical insecticides in the percentage of plants attacked for the pest and the 15 and 21 DAA.