The development of vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides L.) has been evaluated under differ-ent levels of phosphorus on slopes of the right-side bank of the San Francisco River, in the municipality of Am-paro do São Francisco, SE. Techniques of soil bioengineering were used, characterized by the combination of vegetated riprap with stakes, seedlings of vetiver grass and sediment retainers. The experimental design was randomized blocks with five doses (0, 4, 8, 12, and 16 g pit-1 of simple superphosphate) and five replicates. The growth of vetiver seedlings were observed in periods of 30, 60, 90, e 180 days, carrying out the following pa-rameters: number of roots, external root surface, root density, root length, root length density, root and shoot dry weight, root and shoot fresh weight, and shoot length, at each evaluation period. The phosphorus doses and periods of morphological development interacted in all variables of plant biomass mentioned above. Higher superphosphate doses than 9.0 g pit-1 did not offer advantages in terms of cost-benefit for the production of vetiver seedings.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the development and the intrinsic growth rate (rm) of Euseius concordis on Tetranychus bastosi on physic nut (Jatropha curcas). The experiment was conducted in incubator BOD at 25 ° C and 70 % RH, with 12h photoperiod environment. The evaluations were performed twice daily for the biology of the mite, and once to the reproductive parameters. The average life cycle of fe-males was 6.3 ± 0.14 days and the males of 6.22 ± 0.14 days. The sex ratio was 0.64, and the average longevi-ty of females was 22.6 ± 2.22 days with an average production of 7,42 eggs per female. The parameters of the life table were obtained : net reproductive rate (Ro), 54,9 individuals ; average length of generations (T) , 7,77 days; intrinsic growth rate (rm), 0,22 female per female per day; finite rate of increase (λ), 1,24 female per fe-male; and in population doubling time (TD), 3,16 days. The E. concordis mite has developed satisfactorily when created with T. diet bastosi, with the short development cycle.

Several breeding programs aim to develop superior maize genotypes able to be explored in off-season cropping, mainly due to the increased area under maize produced in alternative season. Few hybrids on the market are adapted to the environmental conditions of autumn-winter. The objective of this study was to identify the inbred lines adapted to off-season condition, by the analysis of combining ability of 50 S3 maize inbred lines, developed by the Maringá State University. These inbred lines were crossed with two adapted hybrids (AG9040 and P30K75), used as testers. The male and female flowering time and also the grain yield (kg ha-1) adjusted for moisture (14,5%) and stand (65.000 plants) were evaluated in 3 locations of the western region of Paraná. The tester AG9040 presents itself as the best to contribute to high grain yields in their topcrosses. The line 30 had high general combining ability for yield in the three environments. The crossing line AG9040 x 49 obtained significant estimates of specific combining ability (SCA) for grain yield in Toledo and Palotina. Also, there is the crossing line AG9040 x 38 to obtain relevant SCA for yield and flowering Tupãssi in male and female. With the tester 30K75 mainly determined by the intersection with the line 27, so it is recommended that this inbred line can be used as tester lines from the commercial hybrid 30K75. With the tester AG9040 mainly determined by the intersection with the line 48, therefore, thes lines can be used as a new tester inbred lines derived from commercial hybrid AG9040.

In order study the different management techniques stakes pomegranate 'Wonderful' for vegeta-tive propagation in the dry and rainy season, in the semiarid region of Paraiba. The survey was conducted in the greenhouse, in the Campus Center of Science and Agrifood Technology, Federal University of Campina Grande, in the City of Pombal-PB, Brazil. There were two experiments, one in the dry season, which com-prised from August to December 2012 (Experiment I), and another in the rainy season, from January to June 2013 (Experiment II). Experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) with four repli-cations and five plants per replication. To monitor the growth and physiology of the plant was adopted factorial consisting of two factors, managements of cuttings (cuttings with leaves, cuttings without leaves and cuttings without leaves more base incision) in function evaluation times (Days after planting). The propagation material was purchased from commercial plants and cuttings of softwood type. The samples were standardized by size, standard length 15 cm. The management of the cuttings leafless more incision in the base is most suitable for the propagation of pomegranate 'Wonderful'. The management of the cuttings with leaves is not suitable for the propagation of the pomegranate 'Wonderful', in the dry season. The rainy season is the ideal time for the pro-duction of seedlings of the pomegranate 'Wonderful'. The ideal time to obtain saplings of pomegranate 'Wonderful' is 144 days after planting the cuttings.

The objective was to evaluate the performance of growth and productivity of three cactus for-age clones, resistant to Cochineal Carmine, grown under irrigated conditions in the Brazilian semi-arid region. The clones evaluated were: IPA Sertânia (IPA), Miúda (MIU) and the Orelha Elefante Mexicana (OEM), be-tween February 2010 and February 2012, in Serra Talhada, State of Pernambuco. To the end of the crop cycle morphological data were obtained from plants (canopy height and width, cladode total number, cladode number by order of emergence and cladode area index) and cladode (length, width, thickness, perimeter and area), and crop productive parameters (crop fresh and dry matter yield, and final density of plants per hectare). Path anal-ysis was applied to evaluate the influence of meteorological variables (global solar radiation, air temperature and relative humidity, wind speed and rain) on the growth of cactus forage. It was found that the OEM and IPA were those who stood out most of the morphological characteristics. But, in terms of cladode number, the MIU is the clone of greater emission (> 35 units), however it has been demonstrated as the clone less productive in terms of fresh mass (117.5 t ha-1), along with the IPA. The OEM stood out as the most productive clone (163.0 t ha-1). However, there was no difference in productivity in dry basis between the clones (12.6 ± 2.0 t ha-1). The IPA has the highest mortality of plants (10.4%). Meteorological variables showed effect lower on the evolution of crop growth (< 33.1%).

Chemical composition, energy values, digestibility coefficients and the values of true amino acid of eight different deactivated full-fat soybeans were determined. The total excreta collecting method was used to determine the energy values, where 180 broiler chicken, aging 21 days, were distributed in a completely randomized design, with nine treatments (eight soybeans and one reference diet), four replicates, and five birds per experimental unit. The method of “forced feeding” was used to determine the digestibility coefficients, where 40 cecectomized roosters were distributed in a completely randomized design, with eight treatments, five replicates and one rooster per experimental unit five cockerels were fasted to determine endogenous losses. The values for apparent metabolizable energy (AME), nitrogen corrected AME (AMEn), and coefficients of metab-olizability (CAME and CAMEn) for the soybean, ranged respectively, from 3.191 to 4.242 kcal/kg, 2.953 to 3.906 kcal/kg, 64.85 to 80.42% and 60.00 to 74.07%. The average values of true digestibility coefficients of essential and nonessential amino acids from soybeans evaluated ranged from 79.74 to 93.08% and from 78.33 to 91.85%, respectively. The soybean one (deactivated organic) showed the lowest digestible coefficients com-paring to the others (obtained commercially), probably due to a subprocess, confirmed by the urease activity of 0.32.

This study aimed at evaluating the effect of replacing corn by palm in the supplements for dairy females in grazing at levels of 0, 33, 66 and 100%. Intake of pasture and apparent nutrient digestibility, animal performance, intake of nitrogenous compounds, nitrogen balance, synthesis and microbial efficiency and bioe-conomy system were evaluated. The study was conducted at Farm Roçadinho, municipality of Capoeiras Wasteland region of the State of Pernambuco in the period from 30/09/2012 to 19/01/2013, in a completely randomized design with four treatments and six replications, using 24 dairy females growing initial weight of 180 pounds. Consisted of 112 days, and 28 for adaptation. The intake of DM, DM/pasture, OM, CP, NDFap. NDFi intake and increased ADF because of the NFC, EE, and TDN decreased (P <0.05). PUN levels in plasma did not change. The apparent digestibility of DM, OM, NDF, ADF, NFC, EE and TDN decreased linearly, and CP increased (P <0.05). Weight gains decreased since the FC increased (P <0.05). No effect was observed in nitrogen intake and nitrogen excreted in the urine. A reduction in nitrogen excreted in the faeces nitrogen bal-ance and percentage of ingested nitrogen, urea-N excreted in the urine increased (P <0.05). The replacement of corn by palm reduces the performance of dairy females in pasture growth. Thus the total or partial replacement is conditioned to the projection of age at first calving on the production system and economy of use.

The piçarra (subsoil material mainly formed by silt, sand and gravel) is commonly used in the civil construction and activities related to the onshore oil production in the Caatinga biome. The revegetation of the piçarra mines at the end of exploration cycle is mandatory and generally demands the planting of native tree species. However, there is scarce information about tree species able to grow in these degraded environments. This study aimed to evaluate the development and survival of 20 tree species, including native and exotic spe-cies, and nodulating and non nodulating species, planted in five piçarra mines located in three cities in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The experiment was a split-split block design, where 10 nodulating tree species were compared with ten other non nodulating species in areas with and without addition of a 20 cm topsoil layer and/or 2 L cattle manure in the planting hole. Biometric measurements were made at the end of the dry and rainy seasons (February 2008 to February 2010) up to 660 days after planting. The addition of topsoil re-duced the survival of trees, especially of non nodulating species, likely due to the vigorous herbaceous regener-ation in this treatment. Conversely, the addition of manure favored the tree growth. The nodulating species outperformed the non nodulating in respect to survival rate, total height, trunk diameter, and growth rate. The native species with the best survival and development rates were Mimosa tenuiflora, Mimosa caesalpiniifolia, Caesalpinia ferrea and Tabebuia caraiba, and among the exotics were Azadirachta indica and Pseudosamanea guachapele.

This study aimed to characterize the lobation and describe the bronchial tree and vasculariza-tion of the lung collared peccaries. 12 animals that died in Multiplication Center of Wild Animals (CEMAS/UFERSA) were used. For analysis of the bronchial tree, the trachea was perfused with latex or vinyl and for identification of arterial vascularization, the pulmonary artery was perfused with red latex. For the visualization of the pulmonary veins, the left atrium was perfused in retrograde direction with blue latex. Likewise we pro-ceeded with perfusion with vinyl. The pieces injected with latex were fixed in 10% formaldehyde for 48 hours and then performed the dissections. Those perfused with vinyl were dipped in a solution of 30% H2SO4 until complete corrosion. The right lung was composed of the cranial, middle, caudal and accessory lobes, while the left lung by cranial (cranial and caudal portions) and caudal lobes. The trachea before of the bifurcation in left and right main bronchi, issued a tracheal bronchus towards the right cranial lobe. The right bronchus gave a branch to the middle lobe, one to accessory and another to the right caudal lobe, while the left bronchus gave a branch to the right cranial lobe (cranial and caudal portions) and another to the left caudal lobe. The study on bronchial and vascular segmentation is useful in clinical and surgical applications, in particular in cases of per-foration, and stenosis or tumors, which require the completion of partial lobectomy.

Watermelon is a cucurbit, grown in almost all regions of the world, and it is enjoyed by most of the population. In Rio Grande do Norte the cultivation of watermelon has been increasing, because of the good climatic conditions in the region that provides adequate light and temperature throughout the year. In this con-text, the present study aimed at evaluating the yield and quality of watermelon cultivars in different planting dates in Mossoró-RN. The experiment was conducted in the garden didactic Department of Plant Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid in the period between June and December 2010. The experimental design was a randomized complete block in a split plot design with four 3 x 3 repetitions. The plots consisted of three cultivars of watermelon (Crimson Sweet, Olympia and Denver) and subplots were planting (June, Au-gust and October). It is concluded that the yield and fruit quality were influenced by planting dates. The water-melon sowing in August resulted in higher average fruit weight and commercial productivity, and the fruits of lower acidity and better palatability were collected in the June planting.