To evaluate the effect of the temporary replacement of shrimp ration (RC) by chicken ration (RF) in the culture of Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp, juvenils (1.07 ± 0.26 g), were cultivated (52/m2) for 30 days in 50 L boxes, with constant aeration, 0% of water exchange and fed with 10% of its biomass/day at 08:00 and 16:00 h, according to the treatments: (1) RC; (2) 1 week RC + 1 week RF, alternate; (3) RF and (4) 1 day RF + 1 day RC, alternate; with 5 repetitions each. There was no difference (P <0.05) in the weight of shrimp on the basis of treatments applied at the beginning (Kruskal-Wallis, P = 0003), 15 days (Kruskal-Wallis, P = 0.98) and at 30 days (Kruskal-Wallis, P = 0.07) to experiment. The Specific Growth Rate (rm ANOVA, P = 0.28) and survival (Friedman, P = 0,34 the animals were significantly similar, indicating that these parameters were not affected by treatments, with the possible replacement of shrimp ration by chicken ration, as a measure of containment of expenditure, for short intervals of time. Studies are needed to validate these results in earth ponds.

This experiment was carried through with objective to evaluate bromatologicament the aerial part and the root of 11 (eleven) to cultivate of cassava, thus determining information for the animal consumption. The experiment was developed in the Experimental Station "Felipe Camarão" pertaining to Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Rio Grande do Norte S/A - EMPARN, situated in São Gonçalo do Amarante - RN. The following variable had been evaluated: Dry substance, mineral substance, organic substance and rude protein, of the root and aerial part and fiber in acid detergent, fiber in neutral detergent, etéreo extract, insoluble nitrogen in acid detergent, insoluble protein in acid detergent,, total carbohidrates and not-fiber carbohidrates only of the aerial part of the cassava. The used experimental delineation block-type complete was casualizados, with four repetitions. The experimental treatments had been the following ones to cultivate of cassava, proceeding from the Experimental Stations of da EMEPA, EMBRAPA Mandioca e Fruticultura, EMPARN: Cigana Preta, Surrão, Pão da Tarde, Manteiga, Salangó, Osso Duro, Amazonas, Eucalipto, Monge, Bahia Preta e Bravo Preto. It concludes that we must limit the consumption of the aerial part of any to cultivate of the cassava the what concerns amount of indigestível fiber. On the other hand, to cultivate studied them present an excellent Rude Protein concentration. To cultivate Brave if it detaches for presenting one high amount of protein (12.88%).

Macambira is a bromélia used in the alimentation of man and domestic animals on Northeast of Brazilian, especially in times of drought. The study was conducted to evaluate at identifying breaking dormancy methods and verifying how temperature and light can affect germination of its seeds. In the first experiment, the seeds were treated the following treatments: immersion in acetone, in alcohol, to eter, hot water, wash in running water, dry cold and dry heat, aiming at breaking dormancy and control. Were determinate the percentage of germination, first count of germination, index of velocity of germination and the mean time of germination. In the second experiment, after treatment of immersion in acetone during 60 minutes, the seeds were germinated under the following conditions: continued light and 25 ºC constant; continued light and 30 ºC constant; continued light and 35 ºC constant; continued light and temperatures (35 ºC/8 h and 20 ºC/16 h); continued dark and 25 ºC constant; continued dark and 30 ºC constant; continued dark and 35 ºC constant; continued dark and temperatures (35 ºC/8 h and 20 ºC/16 h); alternation of light (dark/16 h and light/8 h) and temperature of 25 ºC constant; alternation of light (dark/16 h and light/8 h) and temperature of 30 ºC onstant; alternation of light (dark/16 h and light/8 h) and temperature of 35 ºC constant; alternation of light and temperature (dark/20 ºC/16 h and light/35 ºC/8 h) and alternation of light and temperature (dark/25 ºC/16 h and light/35 ºC/8 h). It follows that the immersion in acetone during 60 minutes was the treatment more efficient to promote the of vigor and germination of seeds. The seeds do not germinate in the light absence, behaving as fotoblásticas positive.

The present work objectified to detect tendencies of long period in the annual averages of the air temperature. We analyzed minimum, mean, and maximum temperature, absolute minimum, and absolute maximum. Twenty-four meteorological stations on the Northern Northeast (Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba and Pernambuco) were used. We used the historical series from 1961 to 1990. To identify the tendencies, we used the analysis of lineal regression analysis. The Student's t-test was used to verify the statistical of the coefficients of lineal regression. We observed an increase of the minimum, mean, maximum temperature, and absolute minimum. The absolute maximum temperature didn't present significant tendencies of increase nor of decrease. We conclude that has had a decrease of the annual thermal amplitude of the temperature on the Northern Northeast, mainly, due to the increase of the night temperature.

Excessive salt can to promote water soil retention, reducing your availability to plants. Besides, they can interfere in protoplasm metabolism. The plants ability to survive in salinity conditions is an important factor to geographic distribution and agriculture in salinized regions. The objective of this work was to verify the effects of the NaCl in the growth, dry matter distribution and N, K, Ca, Mg, Na, and Cl content in young plants. The experiment was conducted in 'Leonard' pots, with nutrient solutions, with NaCl (0, 25, 50 and 100 mmol L-1). Increasing of NaCl concentration reduces growth and total dry matter. There was an increase of N and K content, in shoots, and N and Mg content in roots. There was an reduction in Mg content in shoots, and reduction of Ca content in roots with increasing of NaCl. Leucaena plants were inefficient to exclude Na and Cl, in shoots principally.

The Alismataceae (excluded Limnocharitaceae) comprises twelve genera of herbaceous aquatic plants. Only two of its genera (Echinodorus and Sagittaria) are native to the Neotropics. A survey of the species of Alismataceae confirmed the occurrence of four taxa of Sagittaria and eleven of Echinodorus from the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil. Analytical keys to differentiate the genera and species are provided, as well as illustrations of their taxonomic characteristics and data on their geographical distribution. Echinodorus macrocarpus to be considered synonymous with E. pubescens. Echinodorus reticulatus is considered as a different species from E. longipetalus. There are five excluded taxa from the Brazilian semi-arid region: E. grandiflorus, E. macrophyllus, E. martii, E. bolivianus, and E. decumbens.

The aim of this study was to evaluate silicon (Si) and two phosphorus (P) extraction methods in "Latossolos" under corn and sorghum. The experiments were conducted in green-house, in a completely randomized, with corn for the 5x2x2 factorial arrangement, consisting of five P rates (0, 96, 192, 288 and 480 mg dm-3) in the absence and the presence of 300 mg dm-3 of slag in two "Latossolos" and four replicates, while for sorghum the experimental design was 5x2, and is used only one soil. The experimental plots were subjected to two incubation periods, the first with slag (only half of the plot) and then with lime. In the first experiment two plants were cultivated corn pot for 45 days and then ten plants of sorghum for 60. After the experiments took place the collection of plants being evaluated for plant height, stem diameter and dry weight of maize shoots and just shoot dry matter of sorghum, the levels of Si and P in samples soil and plants. The medium texture soil showed better correlations of Si and P. For the Olsen P method as both the Mehlich 1 had good correlation. Sorghum showed higher correlation coefficients than corn.

The use of phosphates fertilizers can increase the trace element concentration in the soils, with an eventual transfer to human chain food. As indispensable tool, models can be used to identify the risks and to evaluate the effects of preventive actions. The goal of this study was to applied a mass model for trace elements, developed at the University of California - Riverside, (USA) in two cerrado soils (LVdf, a clayey soil and NQ, a Sandy Soil). The model was used as an instrument to evaluate the risks of cadmium and lead accumulation in different soils and in soybean plants, upon the application of different phosphorous sources in the soils. The simulate cadmium content after ten years of application of the reactive phosphate FR3, it reached 2.97 mg kg-1 in the LVdf. The cadmium content in the RQo was more available for the soybean plants. The model showed a greater accumulation of Cd and Pb in the clayey soil (LVdf), after ten years of application high doses of these elements through the phosphates fertilizers FR3 and FN2.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the control of mound-building termites (Isoptera: Termitidae) by entomopathogenic fungi (Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana). We developed two experiments, with two copies of application in three sizes of nests. The first was installed in the Salto Macaúba farm and second in the Laboratory of Plant Protection at the State University of Mato Grosso do Sul. The first experiment consisted of five repetitions, each nest an experimental unit, with treatments in a factorial 2 (fungi) x 2 (tests) x 2 (type of spraying) + 1 control, distributed completely at random in the area. The treatments were: 1) control - no implementation, 2) Metarril M103 (M. anisopliae) - 10g/mound - dusting, 3) Metarril M103 - 10 g/ mound - via net, 4) Metarril M103 - 15 g/ mound - dusting , 5) Metarril M103 - 15 g/mound - via net, 6) Boveril B102 (B. bassiana) - 10 g/mound - dusting, 7) Boveril B102 - 10 g/mound - via net, 8) Boveril B102 - 15 g/mound - dusting and 9) Boveril B102 - 15 g/mound - via net. The testing of mortality were made spraying of the laboratory with the field measurements performed in compliance with the same separation of the nests. The results suggested that the road dust (dosage of 10 g) of the fungi studied showed higher mortality of nests of small size (53%). B. bassiana (Boveril) (10 g) gave 80% mortality of C. cumulans when applied to nests of small size.

This work carried out a floristic-taxonomic survey of the family Verbenaceae sensu lato in a stretch at the Ecological Station Raso da Catarina, Bahia State, Brazil. Four genera and six species were recorded: Aegiphila, with one species (A. sellowiana Cham.); Lantana, with one species (L. fucata Lindl.); Lippia, with three species (L. gracilis Schauer, Lippia cf. schomburgkiana Schauer and L. thymoides Mart. & Schauer) and Stachytarpheta, with one species (S. caatingensis S. Atkins). A key for recognition of the species, descriptions and illustrations, beyond data about flowering and fruiting, geographical distribution and habitat are provided.