Food and water consumption by adult female German cockroaches has been examined in relation to the reproductive cycle. Daily consumption was recorded for individual insects and was related to certain landmark events in each of four egg-case production cycles. It was shown that peaks of feeding and drinking occur during the egg maturation period, but are abruptly terminated at the appearance of each egg case. During the period when females carry the egg case, they feed and drink sparingly. The possible role played by feeding and especially drinking in the regulation of reproduction in this important pest species is discussed.

The aim of this study was to investigate antifungal and insecticidal activity of two microencapsulated antioxidants: 2(3)-tert-butyl-4 hydroxyanisole (BHA) and 2,6-di(tert-butyl)-p-cresol (BHT) against Aspergillus section Flavi and Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), a vector carrier of aflatoxigenic fungi on stored peanuts. Susceptibility of Aspergillus section Flavi, insects, and aflatoxin B1 accumulation in sterile peanut kernels conditioned at two different water activities (aw) (0.83 aw and 0.95 aw) was determined with different doses of antioxidant formulations (10, 20 and 30 mM) during 45 days. Moreover, Aspergillus section Flavi isolation frequency from live and dead insects was evaluated. The BHA formulation completely inhibited Aspergillus section Flavi development regardless of aw and doses assayed. Antifungal effect of microencapsulated BHT was highly dependent on aw, with 86–100% fungal inhibition at 20 and 30 mM, at the lowest aw (0.83 aw) and at the end of the experiment. No aflatoxin accumulation was detected in samples treated with the BHA formulation. In general, low levels of Aspergillus section Flavi were detected in dead insects. Our results show efficacy for 45 days, in addition microencapsulated BHT could be an alternative to control peanut pests in dry kernels.

Se realizó un estudio para conocer el consumo de alimento de Diaphania hyalinata (L.) (Lepidoptera; Pyralidae) en los cultivos de pepino (Cucumis sativus L.) y melón de agua (Citrullus lanatus Thunb.) así como el umbral económico y la señalización de esta plaga en organopónicos en el cultivo del pepino. Se establecieron sistemas de control de la misma para saber la efectividad técnica de los nematodos entomopatógenos Heterorhabditis indica cepa P2M y Heterorhabditis sp. cepas Ciap-Dey-6 y Ciap-CIAP-7, la bacteria entomopatógena Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner y el hongo Beauveria bassiana Bálsamo. El consumo de alimento en el estado larval de D. hyalinata resultó ser de 1,27 g en peso y 49,03 cmE2 en área para el melón y 1,14 g en peso y 50,33 cmE2 en área para el pepino. La cantidad de 2,5 larvas/planta es el umbral de daño económico en el cultivo sin cobertor y 5 larvas/planta en el cultivo con cobertor. La emisión de señales para productos químicos en pepino es cuando existen 2 larvas por planta en el cultivo sin cobertor y 4 en el cultivo con cobertor; para productos biológicos 1,5 larvas por planta en el cultivo sin cobertor y 3,5 larvas en el cultivo