PR | IFPRI3; ISI | EPTD

The food habits of four species of Muglidae, consisting of Liza grandisquamus, L falcipinus, Mugil curema and , were investigated using the frequency of occurrence and numerical methods of analysis. Also, Relative Gut Length (RGL) of fish specimen measured was calculated from fish gut length. Generally, the food consisted mainly diatoms, blue - green & green algae and detritus. Other food items included annelid, crustacea, nematode, insect parts, dinoflagellates and unidentified organisms. M. curema had the least Species Richness Index (2.827) while L grandisquamus had the highest (4.088). The Shanon - Wiener Diversity Index ranged 0.91 in M. curema to 1.03 in L. falcipinus, while Shanon's Index (HI]) ranged from 2.095 (M. curema) to 2.372(L falcipinus).The male M. bananesis had the least mean RGL of 2.48 ~c 0.17 while female L. falcipinus and L grandisquamus had the highest mean RLG of 3.31 ~c 0.13. The food items observed and the RGL suggest that the muglids studied were herbivorous or omnivorous. | Includes:- 18 refs.

IFPRI3; ISI | Rosegrant Mark W. et al., 'Water for Agriculture: Maintaining Food Security under Growing Scarcity', Annual Review of Environment and Resources 34: 205-222, IFPRI, 2009

Rosegrant Mark W. et al., 'Global Water and Food Security: Megatrends and Emerging Issues', In Global change: Impacts on water and food security. Water Resources Development and Management, ed. Claudia Ringler; Asit K. Biswas; and Sarah A. Cline. Chapter 6. Pp. 17-47., IFPRI, 2009 | Book chapter

Uzbekistan, being historically one of the most populated and agriculture-based republics in the former Soviet Union, still features quite high annual population growth rates and great dependence on agriculture as a backbone for the rest of the economic reforms. With water playing an extremely important role in producing a sufficient food base for the country's growing population and earning much needed foreign exchange for the government to ensure overall economic development, the pressures on this scarce resource will obviously and inevitably grow, putting it much at risk over a long-term perspective. So would available water be enough to meet ever-increasing demands from major economic uses in the foreseeable future, and what can be the options for meeting such demands - these are the key questions raised and researched in this article. As such the research concentrates on the two major country-specific scenarios with water and its multiple uses for Uzbekistan - the business as usual and the best case. Both scenarios discuss possible future implications for the next quarter-century given certain assumptions. Finally when summarizing the findings, the paper provides conclusions and recommendations as to how the model and further scenarios can be better optimized given the trans-boundary nature of most water resources in Central Asia where Uzbekistan geographically belongs.

Uzbekistan, being historically one of the most populated and agriculture-based republics in the former Soviet Union, still features quite high annual population growth rates and great dependence on agriculture as a backbone for the rest of the economic reforms.With water playing an extremely important role in producing a sufficient food base for the country's growing population and earning much needed foreign exchange for the government to ensure overall economic development, the pressures on this scarce resource will obviously and inevitably grow, putting it much at risk over a long-term perspective. So would available water be enough to meet ever-increasing demands from major economic uses in the foreseeable future, and what can be the options for meeting such demands - these are the key questions raised and researched in this article. As such the research concentrates on the two major country-specific scenarios with water and its multiple uses for Uzbekistan - the business as usual and the best case. Both scenarios discuss possible future implications for the next quarter-century given certain assumptions. Finally when summarizing the findings, the paper provides conclusions and recommendations as to how the model and further scenarios can be better optimized given the trans-boundary nature of most water resources in Central Asia where Uzbekistan geographically belongs.

Uzbekistan, being historically one of the most populated and agriculture-based republics in the former Soviet Union, still features quite high annual population growth rates and great dependence on agriculture as a backbone for the rest of the economic reforms.With water playing an extremely important role in producing a sufficient food base for the country's growing population and earning much needed foreign exchange for the government to ensure overall economic development, the pressures on this scarce resource will obviously and inevitably grow, putting it much at risk over a long-term perspective. So would available water be enough to meet ever-increasing demands from major economic uses in the foreseeable future, and what can be the options for meeting such demands - these are the key questions raised and researched in this article. As such the research concentrates on the two major country-specific scenarios with water and its multiple uses for Uzbekistan - the business as usual and the best case. Both scenarios discuss possible future implications for the next quarter-century given certain assumptions. Finally when summarizing the findings, the paper provides conclusions and recommendations as to how the model and further scenarios can be better optimized given the trans-boundary nature of most water resources in Central Asia where Uzbekistan geographically belongs.

In 2008, the CGIAR Challenge Program for Water and Food (CPWF) was in transition from the first five years of operation to a streamlined and refocused second phase. Beginning in 2009, CPWF research-for-development engages fewer river basins and targets clearly defined ‘Basin Development Challenges’ within specific geographical areas of each basin.<br/><br/>The 2008 report summarises major research accomplishments, governance and management changes, progress in other areas (communication and capacity building) and finance.