The objective of the work is to know the valorization of adolescents around the problems of water use in the peri-urban west of the city of Mar del Plata, General Pueyrredón Municipality, in Argentina. Methodologically, 52 surveys were conducted in the month of April 2022, being applied to adolescents from 15 to 19 years, students of an agricultural school. It is understood that in order to achieve a correct Integrated Management of Water Resources it is essential to consider the opinions and points of view of all the actors involved, in this case, the adolescents of the area. Generating a sustainable environment propitious for young people as key actors in this sector and engaging older generations is a necessary condition to achieve participation and guarantee compliance with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The results demonstrate, in general lines, failures in the understanding of some concepts related to the hydrological cycle and show the influence of the media in terms of environmental problems since they perceive as serious those problems about which more is published in the media communication and/or social networks. | El objetivo del trabajo es conocer la valorización de adolescentes en torno a las problemáticas del uso del agua en el periurbano oeste de la ciudad de Mar del Plata, partido de General Pueyrredón, Argentina. Metodológicamente, se relevaron 52 encuestas en el mes de abril de 2022, aplicadas a adolescentes de 15 a 19 años, estudiantes de una escuela agraria. Se entiende que para lograr una correcta Gestión Integrada del Recurso Hídrico es fundamental considerar las opiniones y puntos de vista de todas las personas involucradas, en este caso adolescentes de la zona. Generar un medio propicio sostenible para las personas jóvenes como agentes clave en dicho sector y comprometer a las generaciones mayores es una condición necesaria para alcanzar la participación y garantizar el cumplimiento de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS). Los resultados demuestran, en líneas generales, fallas en la comprensión de algunos conceptos relacionados al ciclo hidrológico y evidencian la influencia de los medios de comunicación en cuanto a las problemáticas ambientales ya que perciben como graves aquellas problemáticas sobre las que más se publica en medios de comunicación y/o redes sociales. | O objetivo do trabalho é conhecer a valorização de adolescentes sobre as problemáticas no uso de água no periurbano oeste da cidade de Mar del Plata, em General Pueyrredón, Argentina. Metodologicamente, relevaram-se 52 enquetes no mês de abril de 2022, aplicadas em adolescentes de 15 até 19 anos, estudantes de uma escola agrária. Entende-se que para conseguir uma correta Gestão Integrada do Recurso Hídrico é fundamental considerar as opiniões e pontos de vista de todas as pessoas envolvidas, neste caso adolescentes da zona. Gerar um meio auspicioso sostenível para as pessoas jóvens como agentes chave em dito setor e comprometer às generações maiores é uma condição necessária para alcançar a participação e garantir o cumprimento dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sostenível (ODS). Os resultados demostram, em linhas generais, falhas na comprensão de alguns conceitos relacionados ao ciclo hidrológico e evidenciam a influência dos meios de comunicação em quanto às problemáticas ambientais, ao perceber-se como graves aquelas problemáticas sobre as que mais se publica em meios de comunicação e/ou redes sociais.

Water is one of the most important resources in agriculture and must be used efficiently, especially in irrigated agriculture. Accordingly, the objective of this study was: (i) to simulate the daily soil water balance (SWB) and the irrigation requirement of maize at the physiographic region level in Rio Grande do Sul (RS); (ii) to simulate the evapotranspiration deficit in non-irrigated areas, for different regions and sowing dates; and (iii) to quantify the requirement for supplementary irrigation, through the simulation of the soil water balance, and to estimate the water demand for the current area irrigated by a center pivot in some hydrographic basins of RS. The SIMDualKc model was used in the SWB simulation, for sowings on 10/05 and 10/20, for the 2010/2011 to 2021/2022 harvests. The input data in the model were the soil physical and water characteristics, meteorological data, crop data, soil cover, percolation parameters, and surface runoff, additionally to non-standard information, such as basal crop coefficients (Kcb) for the four phases of the crop development curve. The SWB showed that there are differences in the water requirement and irrigation requirements of maize for the Physiographic Regions of RS, which is due to meteorological and edaphoclimatic factors. The SWB indicated a lower water requirement for sowings performed on 10/20 for most regions, with the exception of Serra do Nordeste. Higher values of evapotranspiration (ETc) were found for the physiographic region of the Serra do Sudeste, while a higher necessity for supplementary irrigation was observed for the physiographic region of the Encosta Inferior do Vale do Nordeste. Lower ETc values were found in the southeastern region of the state, for the physiographic regions of the Grandes Lagoas, Depressão Central, and Litoral, which also have the lowest water requirements. The highest current evapotranspiration deficit (ETc act) was 214 mm and 204 mm, for the sowing dates of 10/05 and 10/20, respectively, in the region of Campanha-Bagé. The highest consumption of water for irrigation occurred in the hydrographic basins of Alto Jacuí, Ijuí, and Piratini. The Piratini hydrographic basin occupies the highest percentage of flow, with about 7.3% of the basin flow for the 10/05 sowing and 7.2% for the 10/20 sowing. The simulation of the water balance proved to be important for quantifying the water requirement of maize and the supplementary irrigation depth during the cycle, in order to estimate the water withdrawn from the springs in the different watersheds. | Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES | A água é um dos recursos mais importante na agricultura e deve ser utilizada da forma eficiente, principalmente na agricultura irrigada. Adequadamente, o objetivo deste estudo foi: (i) simular o balanço hídrico do solo (BHS) sequencial diário e a necessidade de irrigação de milho em nível de região fisiográfica no Rio Grande do Sul (RS); (ii) simular o déficit da evapotranspiração em áreas não irrigadas, para as diferentes regiões e datas de semeadura; e (iii) quantificar a necessidade de irrigação suplementar, através da simulação do balanço hídrico do solo, e estimar a demanda de água para a área atual irrigada por pivô central em algumas bacias hidrográficas do RS. O modelo SIMDualKc foi utilizado na simulação do SWB, para semeaduras em 05/10 e 20/10, para as safras de 2010/2011 a 2021/2022. Os dados de entrada no modelo foram as características físico-hídricas do solo, dados meteorológicos, dados da cultura, cobertura do solo, parâmetros da percolação e escoamento superficial, além das informações não-padrão, como os coeficientes de cultura basal (Kcb) para as quatro fases da curva de desenvolvimento da cultura. O SWB demonstrou que existem diferenças no requerimento hídrico e necessidade de irrigação do milho para as Regiões Fisiográficas do RS o que se deve aos fatores meteorológicos e edafoclimáticos. O SWB indicou menor requerimento hídrico para semeaduras realizadas em 20/10 para a maioria das regiões, com exceção da Serra do Nordeste. Maiores valores de evapotranspiração (ETc) foram encontrados para a região fisiográfica da Serra do Sudeste, ao passo que a maior necessidade de irrigação suplementar foi observada para a região fisiográfica da Encosta Inferior do vale do Nordeste. Menores valores de ETc foram encontrados na região sudeste do estado, para as regiões fisiográficas das Grandes Lagoas, Depressão Central e Litoral, que também apresentam as menores necessidades hídricas. O maior déficit de evapotranspiração atual (ETc act) foi de 214 mm e 204 mm, para as datas de semeadura de 05 e 20/10, respectivamente, na região da Campanha-Bagé. Os maiores consumos de água para irrigação se deram para as bacias hidrográficas de Alto Jacuí, Ijuí e Piratini. A bacia hidrográfica de Piratini ocupada o maior percentual de vazão, com cerca de 7,3% da vazão da bacia para a semeadura de 05/10 e 7,2% para a semeadura em 20/10. A simulação do balanço hídrico se mostrou importante para a quantificação do requerimento hídrico do milho e lâmina de irrigação suplementar durante o ciclo, para fins de estimar a água retirada dos mananciais nas diferentes bacias hidrográficas.

El marco general de este trabajo es el análisis experimental de la permeabilidad al agua en módulos de membranas con el objetivo de lograr una desalación eficiente del agua de mar. El análisis experimental se ha llevado a cabo mediante ensayos en un banco de pruebas, donde se han evaluado diferentes variables como la presión de alimentación, la temperatura y el flujo de agua. Para ello se ha utilizado la membrana FO4040 de Toray diseñada para la desalación de agua de mar, con alta permeabilidad al agua y eficiencia de separación. Basado en los resultados obtenidos, se proponen recomendaciones para futuros estudios, como la variación de las condiciones de operación y la evaluación de diferentes tipos de membranas. Estas recomendaciones buscan abordar las limitaciones identificadas en el análisis y mejorar el rendimiento y la viabilidad de la desalación de agua de mar mediante la tecnología de ósmosis inversa. En conclusión, este análisis experimental proporciona información valiosa sobre la permeabilidad al agua en módulos de membranas y su impacto en la eficiencia de la desalación de agua de mar. Los resultados y recomendaciones de este estudio pueden ser de utilidad para futuras investigaciones y desarrollos en el campo de la desalación y el tratamiento de agua. | The general objective of this Final Degree Project is the experimental analysis of water permeability in membrane modules with the aim of achieving efficient seawater desalination. The experimental analysis has been carried out by means of tests in a test bench, where different variables such as feed pressure, temperature and water flux have been evaluated. Toray's FO4040 membrane, designed for seawater desalination, with high water permeability and separation efficiency, was used. Based on the results obtained, recommendations for future studies are proposed, such as varying the operating conditions and evaluating different types of membranes. These recommendations aim to address the limitations identified in the analysis and improve the performance and feasibility of seawater desalination using reverse osmosis technology. In summary, this experimental analysis provides valuable information on water permeability in membrane modules and its impact on seawater desalination efficiency. The results and recommendations of this study may be useful for future research and development in the field of desalination and water treatment. | Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Ingeniería de la Energía

This paper analyses the energy performance of simple pressurised water transport systems, in which a pipe transfers water from the point of origin to the end. The aim of the analysis is to evaluate the energy efficiency of the system and, on this basis, to formulate a proposal for energy certification. To do this, three representative values of the energy intensity indicator Ie, (kWh/m3) are calculated: the ideal energy intensity Iei; the real energy intensity Ier, the quotient between the energy actually consumed (kWh) and the volume transferred (m3) in the same period of time; and, finally, the target energy intensity, Ieo, the unit energy value assuming optimal real operation. The result of the Ier/Ieo quotient summarises the margin for improvement of the system and is therefore used to qualify its energy efficiency. The work concludes with a real example that reproduces the established procedure. | El presente trabajo analiza el comportamiento energético de los sistemas de transporte de agua a presión simples, en los que una tubería trasiega agua desde el punto origen hasta el final. El objetivo del análisis es evaluar la eficiencia energética del sistema y, a partir de ella, formular una propuesta de certificación energética. Para ello, se calculan tres valores representativos del indicador intensidad energética Ie, (kWh/m3): la intensidad energética ideal Iei; la Intensidad energética real Ier, cociente entre la energía realmente consumida (kWh) y el volumen trasegado (m3) en idéntico periodo de tiempo, y, por último, la Intensidad energética objetivo, Ieo, valor de la energía unitaria suponiendo un funcionamiento real óptimo. El resultado del cociente Ier/Ieo sintetiza el margen de mejora del sistema y, por tanto, es el utilizado para calificar su eficiencia energética. El trabajo concluye con un ejemplo real que reproduce el procedimiento establecido.

A review of some analytical models existing in the bibliography for the evolution of spherical symmetry bulb front advance is presented in this article. Surface drip irrigation is considered from a point (or quasi-point) source for a homogeneous, uniform and isotropic soil, in absence of gravitational force, neither water accumulation on the surface. Furthermore, a new analytical model for spherical symmetric bulb front advance evolution is proposed, based on simplifications in boundary conditions that can be assumed for surface drip irrigation. The model was deduced from the Darcy and continuity equations from a quasi-point source on the surface. At the end of the article, it is shown a comparison among all the analytical models mentioned and simulation results obtained through a numerical model that was validated and presented in previous publications. | En este artículo se presenta una revisión de algunos modelos analíticos y modelos analíticos simplificados existentes en la bibliografía para la evolución del frente de avance del flujo de agua en el suelo bajo condiciones de riego por goteo superficial y con simetría esférica, es decir, asumiendo condiciones de suelo homogéneo e isótropo, ausencia del efecto gravitatorio y sin acumulación de agua en la superficie. Además, se propone un nuevo modelo analítico para la evolución del bulbo, en base a simplificaciones asumibles en condiciones de contorno de riego por goteo superficial, que ha sido deducido a partir de la combinación entre la ecuación de Darcy y la ecuación de continuidad del flujo desde una fuente cuasi-puntual en superficie. Al final del artículo se presenta un contraste entre todos los modelos analíticos mencionados en este trabajo y resultados de simulación que fueron obtenidos a través de un modelo numérico de elaboración propia, validado y presentado en publicaciones previas.

La falta de acceso a agua potable ha sido una preocupación constante en las comunidades indígenas Wayuú ubicadas en la ciudad de La Guajira. Con el objetivo de reducir el número de muertes relacionadas con la falta de agua potable, se ha llevado a cabo un proyecto para diseñar un filtro purificador de agua específicamente adaptado a las necesidades y circunstancias de estas comunidades. Este proyecto ha tomado en consideración las tradiciones y costumbres de los Wayuú, tanto dentro como fuera del contexto del agua, a través de un trabajo de campo detallado. Para llevar a cabo el diseño del filtro purificador de agua, se ha utilizado una metodología personal que se senta en el análisis y los resultados, que serán de ayuda en la selección, el diseño y el tipo de filtración. Durante el trabajo de campo, se ha realizado un estudio exhaustivo de las tradiciones y costumbres de los Wayuú, con especial atención en su relación con el agua y los métodos tradicionales de filtración utilizados. El filtro, llamado "Ulee Wüiin", consta de dos fases principales para asegurar la máxima purificación del agua. La primera fase, llamada prefiltración, se enfoca en eliminar las partículas sólidas presentes en el agua. Con una altura de 55 cm y una capacidad total de 53 litros, incluyendo los materiales de prefiltración, el filtro puede satisfacer las necesidades de una familia de 12 personas. La presencia del proyecto tiene un impacto positivo en el mercado, revelando empleos y fortaleciendo la economía de Colombia. Asimismo, beneficia a diversas comunidades indígenas en Colombia, México, Estados Unidos, Arabia y África, mejorando su calidad de vida. Se enfoca en minimizar el impacto ambiental durante la producción del filtro y respetar las creencias y el respeto de estas comunidades por la tierra. | Diseñador Industrial | Pregrado | The lack of access to potable water has been a constant concern in the Wayuú indigenous communities located in the city of La Guajira. Wayuú indigenous communities located in the city of La Guajira. In order to reduce the number of deaths to reduce the number of deaths related to the lack of potable water, a project has been carried out to design a water purification a project to design a water purification filter specifically adapted to the needs and specifically adapted to the needs and circumstances of these communities. communities. This project has taken into consideration the traditions and and customs of the Wayuú, both in and out of the context of water, through detailed fieldwork. detailed field work. In order to carry out the design of the water purifying filter, a personal methodology has been used. methodology that is based on the analysis and results, which will be of help in the selection of the design and the type of the selection of the design and the type of filtration. During the field work, an exhaustive study of the an exhaustive study of the traditions and customs of the Wayuú people, with special special attention to their relationship with water and the traditional filtration methods used. used. The filter, called "Ulee Wüiin", consists of two main phases to ensure maximum water purification. purification of the water. The first phase, called pre-filtration, focuses on removing solid particles present in the water. solid particles present in the water. With a height of 55 cm and a total capacity of 53 liters 53 liters, including the pre-filtration materials, the filter can meet the needs of a family of 12 people. needs of a family of 12 people. The presence of the project has a positive impact on the market, creating jobs and strengthening Colombia's economy. Jobs and strengthening Colombia's economy. It also benefits a number of indigenous communities in Colombia, Mexico, the United indigenous communities in Colombia, Mexico, the United States, Arabia and Africa, improving their quality of life. It focuses on minimizing the environmental impact during filter production and filter production and respecting the beliefs and respect of these communities for the land. the land.

Modelamiento y simulación de cloro residual en agua potable, para determinar la calidad microbiológica del agua del centro poblado Marona La norma peruana exige una concentración mínima de cloro residual en el agua potablede 0,50mg/L. La presente investigación se ejecuto desde el 21 de octubre del 2021 hasta el 20 de junio del 2022 se llevó a cabo con el objetivo de determinar la calidad microbiológica del agua potable en el centro poblado de Marona, para el cual se seleccionó 20 puntos de monitoreo en las viviendas, de acuerdo a la ubicación de estas respecto a la red principal de distribución de agua. Se realizó los cálculos hidráulicos necesarios para el modelado de la red hidráulica del centro poblado Marona, para la posterior calibración del modelado de cloro residual, siendo esta un vertimiento de cloro de 1,80mg/L, el cual posteriormente fue verificado in situ que las concentraciones de cloro libre residual en campo sean considerablemente aproximadas a las concentraciones de cloro residual obtenidas en la simulación en el software WaterCAD. Para la determinación in situ se utilizó un medidor digital de cloro libre, realizándose dos muestras por vivienda, en el cual se obtuvo promedios entre 0,48mg/L a 1,14mg/L, los mismas que se encontraron aproximados a las concentraciones arrojadas en la simulación de cloro residual aplicada. Los resultados obtenidos fueron óptimos, entendiéndose así que, la calidad microbiológica del agua del centro poblado Marona se encuentra apta para el consumo su población. | Modeling and simulation of residual chlorine in drinking water to determine the microbiological quality of the water in the Marona village The Peruvian standard requires a minimum residual chlorine concentration of 0.50 mg/L in drinking water. The present investigation was carried out from October 21, 2021 to June 20, 2022 with the objective of determining the microbiological quality of drinking water in the town of Marona, for which 20 monitoring points were selected in households, according to their location with respect to the main water distribution network. The necessary hydraulic calculations were made for the modeling of the hydraulic network of the Marona village, for the subsequent calibration of the residual chlorine modeling. A chlorine discharge of 1.80 mg/L was obtained, which was later verified in situ to ensure that the free residual chlorine concentrations in the field are considerably close to the residual chlorine concentrations obtained in the simulation in the WaterCAD software. A digital free chlorine meter was used for the in situ determination, and two samples were taken per household, obtaining averages between 0.48 mg/L and 1.14 mg/L, which were found to be close to the concentrations obtained in the residual chlorine simulation applied. The obtained results were optimal, meaning that the microbiological quality of the water in the Marona village is suitable for human consumption.

This research is based on the need of the community of Cuicocha that through the organization UNIÓN DE ORGANIZACIONES CAMPESINAS INDÍGENAS DE COTACACHI (UNORCAC) requests through the office to monitor their water sources for human consumption, Therefore, the research topic 'PROPOSAL TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF WATER FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION OF THE CUICOCHA WATER BOARD OF THE CANTON COTACACHI' was proposed in order to evaluate the quality of water for human consumption and make a proposal for improvement. The procedures used in the water analysis start with the collection of samples from different sources, complying with the protocols for monitoring drinking water for physical-chemical and microbiological analysis such as: electrical conductivity, pH, turbidity, residual chlorine, using on-site monitoring equipment, and total solids, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, nitrites, nitrates, COD, sulfates, and total coliforms in the laboratory. Once the physical-chemical and biological characteristics of the water were determined we proceeded to compare them with the current standard TULSMA book VI annex 1, of the official registry N°387, ministerial agreement 097A. 2015, concluding that the values of the parameters analyzed comply with current regulations. As a final result, a proposal for monitoring, evaluation and follow-up of water quality was obtained. This research work will facilitate having periodic data on water consumption, which will allow establishing possible treatments for the improvement and proper use of this resource, ensuring the welfare of the people of the community and its future generations. | La presente investigación se fundamenta en la necesidad de la comunidad de Cuicocha que por medio de la organización UNIÓN DE ORGANIZACIONES CAMPESINAS INDÍGENAS DE COTACACHI (UNORCAC) solicita mediante el oficio se realice el monitoreo de sus fuentes de agua para consumo humano, por lo que se plantea el tema de investigación, “PROPUESTA PARA MEJORAR LA CALIDAD DEL AGUA DE CONSUMO HUMANO DE LA JUNTA DE AGUA CUICOCHA DEL CANTÓN COTACACHI” con el fin de evaluar la calidad del agua de consumo humano y realizar una propuesta de mejoramiento los procedimientos empleados en el análisis de agua parten desde la recolección de muestras en las diferentes fuentes, cumpliendo con los protocolos de monitoreo de aguas de consumo humano para análisis físico – químicos y microbiológicos como son: conductividad eléctrica, pH, Turbidez, cloro residual, mediante el equipo de monitoreo in situ y sólidos totales, dureza total, calcio, magnesio, nitritos, nitratos, DQO, sulfatos, coliformes totales en laboratorio, una vez determinadas las características físico químicas y biológicas del agua procedimos a compararlos con la norma vigente TULSMA libro VI anexo 1, del registro oficial N°387, acuerdo ministerial 097A. 2015, concluyendo que los valores de los parámetros analizados cumplen con la normativa actual, como resultado final se obtuvo una propuesta de monitoreo, evaluación y seguimiento de la calidad de agua, este trabajo de investigación facilitara tener datos periódicos del agua de consumo, los que permitirán establecer posibles tratamientos para el mejoramiento y uso adecuado de este recurso, garantizando el bienestar de las personas de la comunidad y de sus generaciones venideras. | This research is based on the need of the community of Cuicocha that through the organization UNIÓN DE ORGANIZACIONES CAMPESINAS INDÍGENAS DE COTACACHI (UNORCAC) requests through the office to monitor their water sources for human consumption, Therefore, the research topic PROPOSAL TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF WATER FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION OF THE CUICOCHA WATER BOARD OF THE CANTON COTACACHI was proposed in order to evaluate the quality of water for human consumption and make a proposal for improvement. The procedures used in the water analysis start with the collection of samples from different sources, complying with the protocols for monitoring drinking water for physical-chemical and microbiological analysis such as: electrical conductivity, pH, turbidity, residual chlorine, using on-site monitoring equipment, and total solids, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, nitrites, nitrates, COD, sulfates, and total coliforms in the laboratory. Once the physical-chemical and biological characteristics of the water were determined we proceeded to compare them with the current standard TULSMA book VI annex 1, of the official registry N°387, ministerial agreement 097A. 2015, concluding that the values of the parameters analyzed comply with current regulations. As a final result, a proposal for monitoring, evaluation and follow-up of water quality was obtained. This research work will facilitate having periodic data on water consumption, which will allow establishing possible treatments for the improvement and proper use of this resource, ensuring the welfare of the people of the community and its future generations.

El cuidado del medio ambiente se ha convertido en uno de los objetivos del planteamiento de políticas en los países. El presente proyecto tiene como objetivo elaborar un diagnóstico que permita conocer la gestión implementada sobre la calidad del agua en el río Pasto. Para ello el presente estudio aplicará un enfoque cualitativo, y tendrá un diseño de tipo explicativo, diacrónico, histórico-descriptivo, realizando una revisión sistemática de literatura, aplicando criterios de inclusión y exclusión para la selección de las fuentes más adecuadas para dar respuesta a los objetivos. Su delimitación espacial será el río Pasto enfocado en el sector medio en donde se encuentra la ciudad de pasto. En la investigación realizada en el presente proyecto se observó que los actores con mayor relevancia son Corponariño, Empopasto, Gobernación de Nariño, alcaldías y las JAACL. De acuerdo con la bibliografía, se identificó que el desempeño de los principales actores y sectores de la economía frente a la gestión del río Pasto no es destacado y cuentan con aspectos que reducen su desempeño. Entre los resultados se encontró que en tres estudios realizados en diferentes años con indicadores biológicos sobre el río Pasto determinó niveles tóxicos en el agua y sedimentos. El modelo de gestión implementado concuerda con la dirección a nivel nacional, sin embargo, se requiere actualización y mayor coherencia entre los instrumentos de planificación. Se concluye que las acciones para la gestión del recurso hídrico deben fortalecerse y mejorar la participación de los actores, sobre todo de las mujeres, para que pueda hacerse frente a las tensiones presentadas en el río Pasto. | Caring for the environment has become one of the objectives of the policy approach in the countries. The objective of this project is to elaborate a diagnosis that allows to know the management implemented on the quality of the water in the Pasto River. For this, the present study will apply a qualitative approach, and will have an explanatory, diachronic, historical-descriptive design, carrying out a systematic review of the literature, applying inclusion and exclusion criteria for the selection of the most appropriate sources to respond to the goals. Its spatial delimitation will be the Pasto River focused on the middle sector where the city of Pasto is located. In the research carried out in this project, it was observed that the most relevant actors are Corponariño, Empopasto, the Government of Nariño, municipalities and the JAACL. According to the bibliography, it was identified that the performance of the main actors and sectors of the economy regarding the management of the Pasto River is not outstanding, and they have aspects that reduce their performance. Among the results, it was found that in three studies carried out in different years with biological indicators on the Pasto River, toxic levels were determined in the water and sediments. The implemented management model agrees with the direction at the national level, however, updating and greater coherence between the planning instruments is required. It is concluded that the actions for the management of water resources should be strengthened, and the participation of the actors improved, especially women, so that the tensions presented in the Pasto River can be dealt with. | Magíster en Gestión Ambiental | Maestría

Nexo água-energia-alimento nas Bacias Hidrográficas dos Rios Piracicaba, Capivari e JUNDIAÍ (PCJ) sob condições históricas e de projeções de mudanças climáticas     TAMIRES LIMA DA SILVA1; RODRIGO MÁXIMO SÁNCHEZ ROMÁN2;  HESSAM S. SARJOUGHIAN3 E MOSTAFA D. FARD4   1 Engenharia rural e socioeconomia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Botucatu, Av. Universitária, 3780, Altos do Paraíso, 18610-034, Botucatu, SP, Brasil, [email protected] 2 Engenharia rural e socioeconomia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Botucatu, Av. Universitária, 3780, Altos do Paraíso, 18610-034, Botucatu, SP, Brasil, [email protected] 3 Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence, Arizona State University (ASU), S Mill Avenue, 699, 85287-8809, Tempe, AZ, Estados Unidos da América, [email protected] 4 Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence, Arizona State University (ASU), S Mill Avenue, 699, 85287-8809, Tempe, AZ, Estados Unidos da América, [email protected]     1 RESUMO   A abordagem nexo água-energia-alimento (AEA) promove a integração entre gestão e governança em diferentes escalas e setores para o desenvolvimento socioeconômico sustentável. Este estudo objetivou modelar o nexo AEA nas Bacias dos Rios Piracicaba, Capivari e Jundiaí (PCJ) sob condições históricas e em cenários de mudanças climáticas. Modelos foram desenvolvidos nos programas WEAP e LEAP, abrangendo o período de 1995 a 2019 para a condição histórica e de 2020 a 2070 para as projeções climáticas. Utilizando o WEAP-KIB-LEAP framework, estabeleceu-se um modelo de interação para troca de dados entre o WEAP e o LEAP. No WEAP, as alterações na vazão das Bacias PCJ devido às mudanças climáticas foram modeladas com dados do Modelo Climático Regional Eta para os cenários RCP4.5 e RCP8.5. Os resultados indicam que, nos cenários futuros, a geração de energia hidrelétrica será comprometida, enquanto a demanda hídrica e o consumo de energia elétrica para irrigação aumentarão 35,6% e 82,7%, respectivamente, impulsionados por um crescimento na produção de alimentos projetado de 21,3%. Esses resultados evidenciam a interdependência entre os recursos água, energia e alimento nas Bacias PCJ.   Palavras-chave: WEAP, LEAP, WEAP-KIB-LEAP framework, irrigação, agricultura.     SILVA, T. L.; SÁNCHEZ-ROMÁN, R. M.; SARJOUGHIAN, H. S.; FARD, M. D. WATER-ENERGY-FOOD NEXUS IN THE PIRACICABA, CAPIVARI, AND JUNDIAÍ RIVER BASINS (PCJ) UNDER HISTORIC CONDITIONS AND CLIMATE CHANGE PROJECTIONS         2 ABSTRACT   The water-energy-food (WEF) nexus approach promotes integrated management and governance across scales and sectors to achieve sustainable socioeconomic development. This study aimed to model the WEF nexus in the Piracicaba, Capivari, and Jundiaí (PCJ) river basins under historical conditions and future climate scenarios. Models were developed using WEAP and LEAP programs, covering the period from 1995 to 2019 for historical conditions and from 2020 to 2070 for climate projections. The WEAP-KIB-LEAP framework enabled data exchange between WEAP and LEAP to model interactions effectively. In WEAP, the projected impacts of climate change on streamflow in the PCJ basins were modeled using data from the Eta Regional Climate Model under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. The findings indicate that, in future scenarios, hydropower generation will be compromised, while water and electricity demand for irrigation will increase by 35.6% and 82.7%, respectively, driven by a projected food production growth of 21.3%. These results highlight the interdependence between water, energy, and food resources in the PCJ basins.   Keywords: WEAP, LEAP, WEAP-KIB-LEAP framework, irrigation, agriculture. | Nexo água-energia-alimento nas Bacias Hidrográficas dos Rios Piracicaba, Capivari e JUNDIAÍ (PCJ) sob condições históricas e de projeções de mudanças climáticas     TAMIRES LIMA DA SILVA1; RODRIGO MÁXIMO SÁNCHEZ ROMÁN2;  HESSAM S. SARJOUGHIAN3 E MOSTAFA D. FARD4   1 Engenharia rural e socioeconomia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Botucatu, Av. Universitária, 3780, Altos do Paraíso, 18610-034, Botucatu, SP, Brasil, [email protected] 2 Engenharia rural e socioeconomia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Botucatu, Av. Universitária, 3780, Altos do Paraíso, 18610-034, Botucatu, SP, Brasil, [email protected] 3 Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence, Arizona State University (ASU), S Mill Avenue, 699, 85287-8809, Tempe, AZ, Estados Unidos da América, [email protected] 4 Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence, Arizona State University (ASU), S Mill Avenue, 699, 85287-8809, Tempe, AZ, Estados Unidos da América, [email protected]     1 RESUMO   A abordagem nexo água-energia-alimento (AEA) promove a integração entre gestão e governança em diferentes escalas e setores para o desenvolvimento socioeconômico sustentável. Este estudo objetivou modelar o nexo AEA nas Bacias dos Rios Piracicaba, Capivari e Jundiaí (PCJ) sob condições históricas e em cenários de mudanças climáticas. Modelos foram desenvolvidos nos programas WEAP e LEAP, abrangendo o período de 1995 a 2019 para a condição histórica e de 2020 a 2070 para as projeções climáticas. Utilizando o WEAP-KIB-LEAP framework, estabeleceu-se um modelo de interação para troca de dados entre o WEAP e o LEAP. No WEAP, as alterações na vazão das Bacias PCJ devido às mudanças climáticas foram modeladas com dados do Modelo Climático Regional Eta para os cenários RCP4.5 e RCP8.5. Os resultados indicam que, nos cenários futuros, a geração de energia hidrelétrica será comprometida, enquanto a demanda hídrica e o consumo de energia elétrica para irrigação aumentarão 35,6% e 82,7%, respectivamente, impulsionados por um crescimento na produção de alimentos projetado de 21,3%. Esses resultados evidenciam a interdependência entre os recursos água, energia e alimento nas Bacias PCJ.   Palavras-chave: WEAP, LEAP, WEAP-KIB-LEAP framework, irrigação, agricultura.     SILVA, T. L.; SÁNCHEZ-ROMÁN, R. M.; SARJOUGHIAN, H. S.; FARD, M. D. WATER-ENERGY-FOOD NEXUS IN THE PIRACICABA, CAPIVARI, AND JUNDIAÍ RIVER BASINS (PCJ) UNDER HISTORIC CONDITIONS AND CLIMATE CHANGE PROJECTIONS         2 ABSTRACT   The water-energy-food (WEF) nexus approach promotes integrated management and governance across scales and sectors to achieve sustainable socioeconomic development. This study aimed to model the WEF nexus in the Piracicaba, Capivari, and Jundiaí (PCJ) river basins under historical conditions and future climate scenarios. Models were developed using WEAP and LEAP programs, covering the period from 1995 to 2019 for historical conditions and from 2020 to 2070 for climate projections. The WEAP-KIB-LEAP framework enabled data exchange between WEAP and LEAP to model interactions effectively. In WEAP, the projected impacts of climate change on streamflow in the PCJ basins were modeled using data from the Eta Regional Climate Model under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. The findings indicate that, in future scenarios, hydropower generation will be compromised, while water and electricity demand for irrigation will increase by 35.6% and 82.7%, respectively, driven by a projected food production growth of 21.3%. These results highlight the interdependence between water, energy, and food resources in the PCJ basins.   Keywords: WEAP, LEAP, WEAP-KIB-LEAP framework, irrigation, agriculture.