This publication provides guidance to water-sector decision makers and planners on how to deal with the quality dimension of groundwater resources management in the World Bank's client countries. There is growing evidence of increasing pollution threats to groundwater and some well-documented cases of irreversible damage to important aquifers. This guide has been produced in the belief that groundwater pollution hazard assessment must become an essential part of environmental best practice for water supply utilities. The guide is particularly relevant for the World Bank's Latin American and Caribbean Region, where many countries have initiated major changes to modernize their institutional and legal framework for water resources management, but may not yet have considered groundwater at the same level as surface water, because of lack of awareness and knowledge of groundwater issues and policy options.

En este trabajo se han caracterizado fenotípicamente 83 cepas bacterianas aerobias y 473 bacterias anerobias facultativas gram negativas aisladas de epidermis de rodaballo (Scphthalmus maximus) y del agua de cultivo a lo largo de un año. Se realizó un estudio de taxonomía numérica definiéndose 15 grupos o fenones para cepas no fermentadoras y 66 fenones para cepas fermentadoras. El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar la distribución de los fenones en función de la época de aislamiento y de su origen. Sólo aquellas especies más abundantes (V. fischeri, V. splendidus, V. ordalii) estuvieron presentes a lo largo de todo el año mientras que el resto aparecieron de forma ocasional (V. sophthalmi, V. mediterranei). También se observó que las cepas se distribuyen en función del origen y, por tanto, los aislados de agua de mar son fenotípicamente distintos de los aislados de piel

O gênero Paenibacillus, anteriormente pertencente ao gênero Bacillus, tem como representantes bastonetes produtores de esporos que se diferenciam destes pelos padrões encontrados através da amplificação e seqüenciamento de um fragmento da subunidade 16S rDNA. Esse gênero é extremamente diverso sendo encontrado tanto em ambientes aquáticos como em ambientes terrestres, e seus representantes podendo ser desde patógenos de animais a fixadores de nitrogênio (associados ou não a plantas). Dos oitenta bastonetes Gram positivos esporulados isolados dos balneários de Ipanema, Belém Novo e Lami (Porto Alegre/RS), trinta e cinco foram identificados através de PCR como sendo do gênero Paenibacillus e dos sessenta isolados de solo provenientes de Belém Novo (Porto Alegre/RS) e Osório (RS), vinte e nove são pertencentes a este gênero. Nos isolados provenientes da água foram encontrados representantes de P. validus (8), P. azotofixans (6), P. illinoisensis (3), P. chibensis (3), P. glucanolyticus (3), P. borealis (2), P. koreensís (2), P. brasiliensis (2), P. odorífer (1), P. apiarius (1), P. graminís (1), P. macerans (1), P. pabuli (1) e P. thiaminolyticus (1). Entre os indivíduos provenientes de amostras de solo foram identificados P. alginolyticus (7), P. pabuli (5), P. azotofixans (3), P. validus (4), P. thiaminolyticus (2), P. chibensis (2), P. apiarius (2), P. glucanolyticus (2), P. macquariensis (1) e P. peoriae (1). A caracterização genética através de BOX-PCR produziu fragmentos de 4365 a 445bp e revelou vinte e oito grupamentos em um nível de similaridade de 73% nos isolados provenientes da água, e dezoito grupamentos a 70% nos isolados do solo. Pelas análises foi possível identificar um elevado grau de polimorfismo, com diferenças inter e intraespecíficas entre os isolados de Paenibacillus, isso sendo evidenciado pelo alto número de grupamentos encontrados. Os isolados de Paenibacillus provenientes da água e do solo puderam ser separados em grupamentos distintos através do BOX-PCR, sugerindo que populações distintas estejam estabelecendo-se nestes ambientes. | Paenibacillus genus, formerly Bacillus genus, are spore producer rod-shape that differ from Bacillus for the patterns found through 16S rDNA subunit amplification and sequencing. This genus is extremely diverse, being found both on aquatic and land environment, and it can be from animal pathogens to nitrogen fixer (associated or not to piants). From the eighty sporulated Gram positive rod-shape isolated from Ipanema, Belém Novo and Lami (Porto Alegre/RS), tirthy-five were identified through PCR as being Paenibacillus genus and, from the sixty isolated soul samples collected in Belém Novo (Porto Alegre/RS) and Osório (RS), twenty-nine belonged to this genus. Isolates of P. validus (8), P. azotofixans (6), P. iffinoisensis (3), P. chibensis (3), P. glucanolyticus (3), P. borealis (2), P. koreensis (2), P. brasiliensis (2), P. odorifer (1), P. apiarius (1), P. graminis (1), P. macerans (1), P. pabuli (1) and P. thiaminolyticus (1) were found on the isolated coming from water. Among the isolates coming from soil samples, it was identified P. alginolyticus (7), P. pabuli (5), P. azotofixans (3), P. validus (4), P. thiaminolyticus (2), P. chibensis (2), P. apiarius (2), P. glucanolyticus (2), P. macquariensis (1) and P. peoriae (1). The genetic characterization through BOX-PCR produced fragments from 4365 to 445bp and revealed twenty-eight groups with 73% similarity levei on water isolates, and eighteen groups with 70% levei on soil isolates. Through the ran out analysis a high degree of polymorphism were identified, with inter and intraspecific differences between the Paenibacillus isolates, what was observed with the high amount of groups found. The Paenibacillus isolates from water and soil could be separated in distinct groups through BOX-PCR, what suggests that different populations are being established in this environments.

En Colombia la Dirección General Marítima (DIMAR) a través del Centro de Investigaciones Oceanográficas e Hidrográficas (CIOH), inició un programa de investigación para identificar las especies presentes en las aguas de lastre de los buques que arriban a puerto colombiano. La primera fase del proyecto se ejecutó en el año 2002 y en esta se analizaron muestras provenientes de 12 buques de tráfico internacional que arribaron a la Bahía de Cartagena, determinando el componente bacteriano, fitoplanctónico y zooplanctónico. Los resultados indican la presencia en las aguas de lastre de las bacterias patógenas Escherichia coli, Pseudomona aeruginosa, Vi brío cholerae, Salmonella sp, Proteus mirabilis, P.vulgaris, Enterobacter sp, Klebsiella pneumoniae y Aeromona hydrophilla. Se reportan especies fitoplanctónicas que no hacen parte de la flora típica de la bahía como las diatomeas Chaetoceros messanensis, C.glandazzi, C.tortissimus, Odontella aurita, Hemidiscus cuneiformis, Ditylum brightwelli, Paralia sulcata, Planktoniella sol, Asterionellopsis glacialis y Pseudoeunotia doliohts y el silicoflagelado Dictyocha polyaetis. De igual manera se encontraron especies zooplanctónicas no reportadas como fauna típica para la bahía corno los copépodos Eucalanus elongatus, Euterpina acutikons, Lucicutia Oithona ovalis y aplurnifera, el chaetognato Sagitta planctonis y el decápodo Lucifer typus. | In Colombia the Dirección General Marítima (DIMAR) with the Centro de Investigaciones Oceanográficas e Hidrográficas (CIOH), initiated a research program to identify the presence of species in ships' ballast water that arrive at Colombian ports. During the first stage of the project executed during year 2002, samples of 12 international ships that arrived at the Cartagena Bay were analyzed determining the bacterial, phytoplanktonic and zooplanktonic components. In the samples were found pathogenic bacteria like Escherichia con, Pseudomona aeruginosa, Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella sp, Proteus mirabilis, P.vulgaris, Enterobacter sp, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Aeromona hydrophilla. As well, were found phytoplanktonic species not previously recorded in the bay like the diatoms Chaetoceros messanensis, C.glandazzi, C.tortissimus, Odontella aurita, Hemidiscus cuneiformis, Ditylum brightwelli, Paralia sulcata, Planktoniella sol, Asterionellopsis glacialis and Pseudoeunotia doliolus and silicoflagellate Dictyocha polyaetis. Also were found zooplanktonic species not previously recorded in the bay like the copepods Eucalanus elongatus, Euterpina acutifrons, Lucicutia clausi, Oithona ovalis and O.plumifera, Sagitta planctonis chaetognat and Lucifer typus decapod. | Published

Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Industrias Alimentarias. Departamento Académico de Tecnología de Alimentos y Productos Agropecuarios | El trabajo de investigación se realizó en la empresa Distribuidora de agua natural SAC ubicada en Av. Cesar Canevaro 722 Lince, Lima. Se realizó un diagnóstico inicial de las condiciones microbiológicas del agua de recepción de la red pública (agua potable), y del agua tratada por la empresa. En el presente estudio se evaluaron diferentes tratamientos con iones de plata y ozono, con el objetivo de cumplir con los límites permisibles del agua de consumo humano, según lo establecido por la Dirección General de Salud Ambiental (DIGESA). Las concentraciones de ozono evaluadas fueron de 2, 3, 4, 5 y 6 SCFH (pies cúbicos por hora estándar) que genera una producción de 1.10 a 3.70 gramos de ozono por hora y con aumentos de descargas eléctricas de iones de plata en 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 y 0.8 amperios con cuatro segundos de oscilación (tiempo descarga); los cuales se combinaron generando 20 tratamientos con tres repeticiones para sus respectivos análisis de bacterias heterotróficas, Coliformes Totales y Pseudomona aeruginosa. Se utilizó el programa Stat Advisor para encontrar el tratamiento ideal de 0 UFC/mL de microorganismos en el agua tratada. Posteriormente al mejor tratamiento, se le determinó la concentración residual de plata y ozono a fin de garantizar la inocuidad del producto. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron encontrar la dosis adecuada de iones de plata y ozono en el tratamiento de agua envasada para consumo humano adicionalmente como alternativa a otros tratamientos ya conocidos extendiendo la garantía del producto y demostrando su aplicabilidad industrial | The research was conducted at the company Distribuidora natural water S.A.C. located at Avenida Cesar Canevaro 722 Lince, Lima. An initial diagnosis of microbiological water conditions reception of the public network (drinking water) was performed, and the water treated by the company. In the present study different treatments with ozone and silver ions were evaluated in order to meet the allowable limits of water for human consumption, as established by the Directorate General of Health (DIGESA). Concentrations evaluated ozone were 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 SCFH (cubic feet per standard time) that generates an output of 1.10 to 3.70 grams of ozone per hour and increases electric shock of silver ions in 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 amps with four second oscillation (download time); which they combined generating 20 treatments with three replicates for their respective analyzes of heterotrophic bacterium whole coliforms and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Stat Advisor program was used to find the ideal treatment 0 CFU / mL of microorganisms in the treated water. Then the best treatment, it was determined the residual silver concentration and ozone to ensure product safety. The results allowed us to find the right dose of silver ions and ozone in the treatment of packaged drinking water additionally as an alternative to other known treatments extending the product warranty and demonstrate its industrial applicability | Tesis

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência no uso de água em plantas de P. cincinnata micorrizadas ou não cultivadas sob níveis de disponibilidade hídrica (DI).

Legionella spp. is an environmental bacterium that can survive in a wide range of physicochemical conditions and may colonize distribution systems of drinking water and storage tanks. Legionella pneumophila is the major waterborne pathogen that can cause 90% of Legionnaires’ disease cases. The aim of this study was to detect the presence of Legionella spp. in household drinking water tanks in the city of Resistencia, Chaco. The detection of Legionella in water samples was performed by culture methods as set out in ISO 11731:1998. Thirty two water samples were analyzed and Legionella spp. was recovered in 12 (37.5%) of them. The monitoring of this microorganism in drinking water is the first step towards addressing the control of its spread to susceptible hosts.