Para recuperar agua de reúso en actividades industriales, se evaluó el proceso de filtración tangencial con membranas de efluentes previamente tratados por métodos biológicos en la planta experimental del Centro Interamericano de Recursos del Agua (CIRA). Entre las características del efluente destacan una alta turbiedad, la presencia de dos colorantes sintéticos de uso alimenticio, azul brillante y tartrazina, que son causantes de varias cortinas de coloración verde, además del contenido de sales y materia orgánica con valores de DQO aún altos para considerar el reúso del agua. En la evaluación del proceso de filtración fueron probadas dos membranas cerámicas con umbral de corte de 150 y 15 kDa, y dos poliméricas de fibra hueca con 50 y 13 kDa, integradas individualmente a un equipo de filtración a escala piloto. En cada proceso se determinó el efecto de la presión transmembrana, la velocidad de flujo de agua y las características de la membrana sobre los caudales de agua filtrada y la calidad obtenida. Los resultados mostraron que las membranas de 15 y 13 kDa fueron las más eficientes en el tratamiento del efluente del CIRA para obtener parámetros de calidad en el agua requeridos para actividades industriales de limpieza de equipos y suministro de agua a calderas. Sin embargo, el flujo de agua recuperada del efluente fue mayor en la membrana de 13 kDa, alcanzando 35 Lh-1m-2 de flujo de agua permeada durante 120 minutos. Mientras que la membrana más estable fue la de 15 kDa, recuperando 28 Lh-1m-2 de agua durante 190 minutos, sin problemas de polarización. | The tangential filtration process with effluent membranes was evaluated for the recovery of water for reuse in industrial activities. The membranes were previously treated using biological methods in the experimental plant at the Inter-American Center for Water Resources (ICWR). The most notable effluent characteristics included high turbidity, the presence of two synthetic food dyes-blue brilliant and tartrazine-which were responsible for several green water curtains, and the presence of salts and organic matter with DQO values considered high for the reuse of water. During the evaluation of the filtration process, two ceramic membranes with a cut-off of 150 and 15 kDa and two polymeric hollow fiber membranes with a cut-off of 50 and 13 kDa were tested; these were individually incorporated into pilot-scale filtration equipment. Each process determined the effect of the transmembrane pressure, the water flux velocity and the characteristics of the membranes with the obtained filtered water flux and water quality. The results of the filtration of the effluent from the ICWR showed that the 15 kDa and 13 kDa membranes were the most effective for treating the ICWR effluent in terms of obtaining the water quality parameters needed to clean industrial equipment and supply water to boilers. Nevertheless, the water flux recovered from the effluent was greater with the 13 kDa membrane, reaching 35 Lh-1m-2 during 120 minutes. The most stable membrane was the 15 kDa, which recovered 28 Lh-1m-2 of water during 190 minutes with no polarization problems.

El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el potencial adsorbente de los residuos orgánicos, específicamente las cáscaras de cebolla, cáscaras de arveja y hojas de lechuga, obtenidos de la plaza de mercado de la ciudad de Manizales. Se realizaron pruebas tipo batch por lotes utilizando el biocarbón obtenido a partir de una pirólisis térmica controlada de los residuos previamente secados. Se evaluó la eficiencia del biocarbón para remover el colorante rojo de metilo en solución, utilizando concentraciones de 166,67 mg/L.. | The objective of this research was to evaluate the adsorbent potential of the waste organic, specifically onion peels, pea shells and lettuce leaves, obtained from the market square in the city of Manizales. Batch-type tests were carried out using the biochar obtained from a controlled thermal pyrolysis of previously dried waste. The efficiency of biochar to remove methyl red dye in solution was evaluated, using concentrations of 166.67 mg/L.

Alpine karst aquifers control the availability and longevity of some water resources, but are not well understood. A conceptual model of the alpine karst aquifer system in the Bear River Range of northern Utah (USA) has been developed by geochemical analysis (major ions, δ¹⁸O, δ²H and δ¹³C values) of seasonal water samples from seven perennial springs, and residence-time assessment (³H and CFCs) of two low- and two high-discharge springs. All spring data can be explained by reaction paths dominated by the dissolution of calcian dolomite. The δ¹³C values align well with reaction paths for open-system dissolution. Saturation indices and low Ca:Mg molar ratios indicate that incongruent dissolution exerts a strong control on water–rock interactions, complicating interpretation of natural solute tracers. Values of δ¹⁸O and δ²H in springs follow the Utah meteoric water line. Snow δ¹⁸O values correlate with elevation, but not with increasing rainout distance, providing qualitative estimates of recharge elevation that generally align with previous dye-traces to five of the seven springs. Concentrations of ³H and CFCs likely are best described by binary mixing of subannual recharge with 60–65-year-old groundwater, suggesting that the alpine karst aquifer system in the Bear River Range is best represented by a double-porosity model. Subannual recharge documented by dye traces implies that caverns are the primary flowpaths to the springs, but the presence of decadal-age water may indicate that lower permeability flowpaths dominate during baseflow. No evidence was found for a longer-residing flow component, suggesting high sensitivity to future climate variability.