Ionic contents (Na+, K+ and Cl-) of plasma and gallbladder bile (GB) of juveniles silver catfish, Rhamdia quelen (156.1&plusmn;0.2g, 28.2&plusmn;0.3cm), were determined in three different times (0, 6 and 24h) after exposure to: a) control or high dissolved oxygen (DO = 6.5mg L-1) + low NH3 (0.03mg L-1); b) low DO (3.5mg L-1) + low NH3; c) high DO + high NH3 (0.1mg L-1); and d) low DO + high NH3. High waterborne NH3 or low DO levels increased plasma and GB ion levels. These parameters might have followed different mechanisms to affect osmoregulation since a synergic effect of these variables was detected.<br>O conteúdo iônico (Na+, K+ e Cl-) do plasma e da bile vesicular (BV) de juvenis de jundiá, Rhamdia quelen (156,1&plusmn;0,2g, 28,2&plusmn;0,3cm), foi determinado em três diferentes tempos (0, 6 e 24h) após exposi��ão a: a) controle ou alto oxigênio dissolvido (OD = 6,5mg L-1) + baixa NH3 (0,03mg L-1); b) baixo OD (3,5mg L-1) + baixa NH3; c) alto OD + alta NH3 (0,1mg L-1); e baixo OD + alta NH3 . Alta concentração de amônia ou baixo oxigênio dissolvido na água aumentaram os níveis iônicos no plasma e na BV. Aparentemente, os efeitos osmorregulatórios desses parâmetros podem estar relacionados a mecanismos distintos, pois foi detectado efeito sinérgico sobre essa alteração osmorregulatória.

Excess nitrate (NO₃⁻) is a critical problem in agricultural land-use areas, causing eutrophication and hypoxia in surface waters. Diversion of agricultural runoff into saturated buffer zones reduces NO₃⁻ loading. This study seeks to understand nitrate concentration, [NO₃⁻], and environmental factor variability in a saturated buffer zone (~0.007 km²) at a site in the USA on a diurnal scale within and among seasons. Between September 2016 and August 2017, groundwater samples were collected hourly for 24 h from an unconfined aquifer 1.5 m below the surface in the saturated buffer zone. Mean daily [NO₃⁻-N] ranged from 2.18 mg/L in the fall to 4.63 mg/L in the summer and varied by a statistically significant difference from spring to fall and from summer to fall. Differences between 24-h maximum and minimum [NO₃⁻-N] were statistically significant within spring, summer, fall, and winter. The occurrence of a sinusoidal [NO₃⁻-N] trend where the timing of maximum and minimum [NO₃⁻-N] coincide with photoperiod indicates that vegetation uptake is a controlling process. NO₃⁻ leaching, evapotranspiration, and nitrification were identified as processes controlling [NO₃⁻-N] increases over the 24-h period. The magnitude of difference between daily maximum and minimum [NO₃⁻-N] displayed no correlation with daily average air temperature, solar intensity, or mean daily water temperature. This study demonstrated that variation in [NO₃⁻] exists on seasonal and diurnal time scales; the fluctuations are driven by multiple processes consistent over the 24-h period.