En este trabajo se presentan los resultados obtenidos del análisis de la humedad y la actividad del agua en 44 muestras de polen apícola de distintos orígenes geográficos de la Comunidad Autónoma de Castilla-La Mancha. Con estos resultados hemos podido llegar a la relación lineal entre ambos parámetros para, a partir del valor de la actividad de agua, determinar la humedad del polen, valor de gran importancia para la conservación y calidad organoléptica del polen.

Resumen El objetivo planteado fue relevar las especies de la flora del departamento Ojo de Agua que son fuente de néctar y polen y que se encuentran disponibles para las colonias de abejas. Mediante inventarios florísticos realizados entre 2012 y 2013 se registró la presencia de especies reconocidas por sus aportes alimenticios para las colonias de abejas. Se observó la presencia de abejas pecoreadoras sobre las especies en flor y el tipo de recompensa obtenida (néctar o polen). Siguiendo los procedimientos habituales el material vegetal se recolectó para su identificación. Se relevaron 76 especies vegetales como fuente de néctar y polen distribuidas en 26 familias botánicas. Las especies, en su mayoría nativas, con un predominio de arbustos (50 %), se reconocen principalmente por aportar néctar (98 %). Las familias más visitadas por las abejas son Fabáceas, Cactáceas, Asteráceas, Solanáceas, Anacardiáceas y Verbenáceas, evidenciándose una importante diversidad de flora apibotánica en el Departamento. | Abstract The objective of this paper was to survey the plant species in Ojo de Agua Department, Santiago del Estero, Argentina, which are a source of nectar and pollen and are available to honeybee colonies. Floristic inventories were conducted in different areas of the Department between 2012 and 2013, and the presence of plant species which are known to contribute to the nourishment of honeybees were recorded. The presence of foraging bees on flowering species and the type of reward obtained (nectar or pollen) was detected by direct observation. Plant material was collected for identification through standard procedures. Seventy-six species, distributed in 26 botanical families, were identified as a source of nectar and pollen. The species are mostly native, with a predominance of shrubs (50 %), and are known to be major nectar providers (98 %). The botanical families most visited by bees were Fabaceae, Cactceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Anacardiaceae and Verbenaceae. A significant diversity of bee-attracting flora was evident throughout the Department.

We report high-resolution macroscopic charcoal, pollen and sedimentological data for Agua Caliente, a freshwater lagoon located in southern Belize, and infer a late Holocene record of human land-use/climate interactions for the nearby prehistoric Maya center of Uxbenká. Land-use activities spanning the initial clearance of forests for agriculture through the drought-linked Maya collapse and continuing into the historic recolonization of the region are all reflected in the record. Human land alteration in association with swidden agriculture is evident early in the record during the Middle Preclassic starting ca. 2600calyrBP. Fire slowly tapered off during the Late and Terminal Classic, consistent with the gradual political demise and depopulation of the Uxbenká polity sometime between ca. 1150 and 950calyrBP, during a period of multiple droughts evident in a nearby speleothem record. Fire activity was at its lowest during the Maya Postclassic ca. 950–430calyrBP, but rose consistent with increasing recolonization of the region between ca. 430calyrBP and present. These data suggest that this environmental record provides both a proxy for 2800years of cultural change, including colonization, growth, decline, and reorganization of regional populations, and an independent confirmation of recent paleoclimate reconstructions from the same region.