Foods vary widely in water content. You may be surprised to find out that many common foods that are not liquids are quite high in water! This 5-page Spanish-language fact sheet offers a brief quiz and pictorial answer key, written by Wendy J. Dahl, and published by the UF Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, May 2011. FSHN11-13s/FS179: ¿Dondé Está el Agua? (ufl.edu)

Foods vary widely in water content. You may be surprised to find out that many common foods that are not liquids are quite high in water! This 5-page Spanish-language fact sheet offers a brief quiz and pictorial answer key, written by Wendy J. Dahl, and published by the UF Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, May 2011. FSHN11-13s/FS179: ¿Dondé Está el Agua? (ufl.edu)

Foods vary widely in water content. You may be surprised to find out that many common foods that are not liquids are quite high in water! This 5-page Spanish-language fact sheet offers a brief quiz and pictorial answer key, written by Wendy J. Dahl, and published by the UF Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, May 2011. FSHN11-13s/FS179: ¿Dondé Está el Agua? (ufl.edu)

O presente artigo pretende descrever os métodos de determinação dos metais pesados em amostras de água, assim como a ocorrência e toxicidade de compostos metálicos como o chumbo (Pb), arsénio (As) e mercúrio (Hg).

O presente experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a influência da irrigação com água salina no crescimento e na produção de girassol (híbrido H251), além de monitorar a evolução de alguns atributos químicos do solo ao longo do ciclo da cultura. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com seis tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de seis diferentes estratégias de irrigação, sendo cinco delas com utilização de água salina. As avaliações de crescimento (altura de planta, diâmetro de caule e número de folhas) foram realizadas aos 20; 40; 60; 80; 100 dias após semeadura (DAS). Aos 100 DAS foi realizada a colheita, ocasião em que se mediu o diâmetro de capítulo, sendo determinados posteriormente o peso de 1000 aquênios e a produtividade de aquênios. As coletas de solo foram realizadas concomitantemente às avaliações de crescimento, nas camadas 0-0,10; 0,10-0,30; 0,30-0,50 m. Os atributos químicos do solo avaliados foram Na+, CE e pH, além das relações Na+/Ca2+ e Na+/Mg2+. A cultura do girassol mostrou-se tolerante à salinidade da água de irrigação, indicando que ela pode ser irrigada com água de CE de até 3,53 dS m-1 durante todo o ciclo. Entretanto, quando se utilizar água de média ou alta CE, é necessária a adoção de práticas de controle da salinização/sodificação do solo. A tolerância do girassol à salinidade não dependeu da fase de desenvolvimento. Em geral, os atributos químicos do solo aumentaram e estabilizaram a partir da metade do ciclo.<br>This experiment was made to evaluate the influence of the irrigation with saline water on growth and production of sunflower (híbrido H251), besides monitoring the evolution of some chemical attributes of the soil along its cycle. The experimental design used was the randomized blocks with six treatments and five replications. The treatments consisted of six different irrigation strategies, five of them with use of saline water. The growth evaluations (plant height, stem diameter and leaf number) were made at 20; 40; 60; 80; 100 days after sowing (DAS). The harvest occurred at 100 DAS, then the capitulum diameter was measured and the weight of 1000 achenes, as well as its productivity, were determined. The soil samples were collected on the same dates of the growth evaluations at the layers of 0-0.10; 0.10-0.30; 0.30-0.50 m. The evaluated soil attributes were Na+, EC and pH, besides of the ratios Na+/Ca2+ and Na+/Mg2+. The sunflower appeared to be tolerant to the salinity of the irrigation water, what means it could be cultivated normally and still have a good production even when the water EC reaches up to 3.53 dS m-1. However, when using a medium/high EC water, it's needed to adopt some practices to control the salinization/sodification of the soil. The tolerance of the sunflower to salinity was not dependent of the development phase. Overall, the chemical attributes of the soil increased and stabilized from the middle of the cycle on.

En este capítulo tratamos el tema del agua: qué es, cuál es su importancia, dónde se encuentra y cómo se distribuye sobre la superficie terrestre, cómo es su disponibilidad y cómo acceden al agua potable los distintos sectores de la población mundial, regional y local. También presentamos qué problemas o conflictos se generan a causa de la distribución irregular y a causa de la escasez que sufren algunos pueblos y ecosistemas. Conjuntamente, mencionamos cuáles son los usos que hacemos del agua y qué sucede cuando la utilizamos en exceso. Asimismo, señalamos los problemas que se generan en América latina, y particularmente en Argentina, por el mal uso del agua y cuáles son las posibles soluciones ante la escasez y falta de este recurso. Por último, sugerimos los cuidados que se deberían tener para hacer un uso sustentable de la misma, y así poder conservarla para las futuras generaciones. | Fil: Zaninovich, Silvia Clarisa. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas; Argentina | Fil: Nuñez, Marcos Gabriel. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentina

Electrolyzed water is a type of water produced by the electrolyses of sodium chloride saturated water. Its use in animal production is recent. Yet there is little literature on the subject, although in broilers (Northcutt et al, 2007) supplied as drinking water for 16 hours before slaughter reduced significantly bacterial spread in the inner cavity of the channel. In Arabian horses it has improved their performance during competition, and even in piglets, the results provided by farmers who used it indicate a 80% less medication costs and a 70% reduction in mortality. Moreover, there was an increment of weight of 450 grams during the four weeks. The aim of this pilot study was to examine the effect of electrolyzed water intake on blood acid-base balance of dairy cows of different ages and times of their lactation curve. In order to do this, it was used the portable clinical analyzer I-STAT which uses disposable cartridges to determine blood pH and the following blood gases: partial pressure of carbon dioxide, bicarbonate, standard base excess, partial oxygen pressure, oxygen saturation and total carbon dioxide. The results showed that the electrolyzed water ingestion caused a significant increase in all parameters examined except for pH and partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood.

Access to open water is considered good for the health and welfare of Pekin ducks. These studies investigated: 1.- the effect of water resource type (nipple drinker, narrow bell drinker, wide bell drinker, trough or pool) on duck health and behavior; 2.- the preference shown by ducks between pools of different depths (10cm, 20cm or 30cm) and whether the behaviours performed differed between these depths. Stage 1.- There was a significant effect of treatment on hygiene scores and nostril condition, with baths and troughs being better than the other resources. Overall, there was no effect of treatment on eye health score, gait or foot pad dermatitis. Significantly fewer ducks were resting inactive by the baths and troughs, and the % of ducks performing bathing behaviours was higher in those resources. Stage 2.- None of the factors analyzed had a significant effect on pool preference. Provision of open water seems to improve some aspects of duck health and welfare, and ducks were neither more attracted to, nor more averse to, deeper water. However, further work is needed to investigate open water resources such as pools or troughs at a commercial scale.

In desalination process, besides the potable water, highly salty and pollutant water (brine) is generated, which can be used for producing crops since it is carefully monitored. In order to test this hypothesis, bell pepper plants, cv. 'Margarita', were grown in coconut fiber substrate under greenhouse and were irrigated with nutrient solutions prepared with tap water, brine from desalination plant, and its dilution with tap water at 75, 50 and 25%, giving a range of electrical conductivities of the nutrient solution (ECs) of 2.6, 3.1, 6.6, 10.0 and 12.2 dS m-1 after the dilutions and fertilizers addition. Completely randomized blocks design was used with 5 treatments (salinity levels of the nutrient solutions) and six replications. Leaf area, number of marketable fruit, total and marketable yield were reduced with ECs increase. The marketable yield of bell pepper 'Margarita' reduced 6.3% for each unitary increase of ECs above 2.6 dS m-1 (threshold salinity) and the results suggest that in hydroponic system, the reduction of marketable yield with increasing ECs is promoted by reduction of the number of fruits per plant instead of a reduction of fruit mean weight.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the fungal microflora present in drinking water and domestic sewage from different districts of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Water and sewage samples were collected during the four seasons and analyzed by the technique of Colony Forming Units (CFU). Yeasts and fungi of the genera Penicillium and Aspergillus were observed in the water samples. The genus Geotrichum was also found in the sewage. Therefore, it is concluded that treatment of water held in the municipality is unable to remove these agents.<p><p> objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a microbiota fúngica presente na água potável e no esgoto doméstico de distintos bairros de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Amostras de água e esgoto foram colhidas durante as quatro estações do ano e analisadas pela técnica de Unidades Formadoras de Colônias (UFC). Foi observada a presença dos gêneros Penicillium, Aspergillus e leveduras nas amostras de água. No esgoto, além dos agentes fúngicos reportados na água foi identificado o gênero Geotrichum. Dessa forma, conclui-se que o tratamento da água realizado no município não é capaz de eliminar estes agentes.