The Agua Amarga coastal aquifer, located in the southeast of Spain (Alicante province) has suffered a significant decrease in its piezometric levels due to its use to supply water to Alicante I and II desalination plants. In order to recover its natural levels and to preserve the salt marsh of ecological interest linked to the aquifer, whose origin is related to ancient saltworks, a pilot scheme based on depositing seawater over the salt marsh surface has been carried out from December 2009 to July 2010. As a result, piezometric levels have increased by around 2 and 3 m below the salt marsh and a general decrease in groundwater salinity of between 15 and 100 g/l has been measured. A flow-transport numerical model with SEAWAT is used to assess and evaluate the seawater depositing programme.

Con el objeto de apoyar la utilización de los microorganismos como alternativa para la degradación de contaminantes orgánicos persistentes, se aisló la bacteria Bacillus licheniformis, a partir de muestras de sedimento y agua del complejo lagunar de la Ciénaga Grande de santa Marta (CGSM), Caribe colombiano; capaz de tolerar y degradar en condiciones aerobias el plaguicida organoclorado aldrín. Se realizó un bioensayo en el que se expuso al B. licheniformis a una concentración de 60ng/L de aldrín, durante un período de 30 días se evaluó la capacidad degradadora de la bacteria sobre el organoclorado. La identificación y aislamiento de B. licheniformis, se realizó a través de caracterización macroscópica y microscópica y pruebas bioquímicas (sistema BBL Crystal) y la determinación de las concentraciones de aldrín con la técnica de cromatografía de gases. Los resultaron mostraron que B. licheniformis posee capacidad degradadora de un 24% del aldrín y que los factores como la exposición a la luz solar y la volatilización influyen considerablemente en la degradación del organoclorado con una reducción adicional de 31%.

Este manual está diseñado para proporcionar un resumen exacto, actual y autorizado, de las principales leyes Federales y de Florida que están directa o indirectamente relacionadas con la agricultura. This revised document is part of a series of 37 brief fact sheets, the Spanish-language version of the Handbook of Florida Water Regulation. Published by the UF Department of Food and Resource Economics, May 2012. FE068/FE068: Manual de los Reglamentos del Agua en Florida: Ley de Control y Prevención de Descargas Contaminantes de Florida (ufl.edu)

Este manual está diseñado para proporcionar un resumen exacto, actual y autorizado, de las principales leyes Federales y de Florida que están directa o indirectamente relacionadas con la agricultura. This revised document is part of a series of 37 brief fact sheets, the Spanish-language version of the Handbook of Florida Water Regulation. Published by the UF Department of Food and Resource Economics, May 2012. FE078/FE078: Manual de los Reglamentos del Agua en Florida: Comisión de Conservación de Pesca y Vida Silvestre de Florida (ufl.edu)

Entre las distintas estrategias para la reducción o sustitución de grasa animal en los productos cárnicos, las emulsiones de aceite en agua destaca como una de las más prometedoras y viables por las numerosas ventajas que presenta. Se han descrito diversos procedimientos para obtener este tipo de emulsiones, entre ellos los más empleados son aquellos que utilizan sistemas proteicos como caseinato o aislado de proteína de soja, si bien recientemente se ha considerado la posibilidad que coadyuvar su actividad por medio de otros componentes como la transglutaminasa microbiana (MTGasa). Estas emulsiones permiten una mayor y mejor incorporación de aceites vegetales y/o marinos, remplazando la grasa animal, a los productos cárnicos. De esta forma, los derivados cárnicos reformulados presentan unas características más acordes con las recomendaciones relativas a la salud. Se abre así un abanico de oportunidades para el desarrollo de nuevos productos cárnicos más "saludables". | Peer reviewed

The effects of different water temperatures (22, 25, 28 and 31ºC) and salinities between 0 and 60 psu (with intervals of 5 psu) on egg incubation of the bullseye puffer (Sphoeroides annulatus) were evaluated in this study. The embryos could not develop at 22ºC and the highest hatching rate for normal larvae was observed at 28ºC. At 0, 50, 55 and 60 psu larvae were unable to develop. Highest hatching rates were obtained at 25, 30 and 35 psu. It was concluded that water temperature and salinity affects the incubation period, embryo development stage and larval survival of the bullseye puffer.

This work is part of an overall project that includes the study of the dynamics of algae in aquatic ecosystems in the province of La Pampa (Argentina). The aim of this contribution is to cite the species recorded for the Arocena and determine the saprobic and water quality of the lake. From October 2006 to August 2007 these were seasonal sampled in the Arocena shallow lake (Maracó Department), La Pampa. The samples were collected at six prefixed sites with phytoplankton net opening of 25 microns mesh. The physico-chemical variables (T °C, pH, conductivity, nitrites, nitrates, dissolved oxygen, among others) were obtained using portable sensors and subsequent laboratory techniques. These parameters provided an autecological characterization of the species studied and some of them extended the range of tolerance to the literature. Of all the species listed (251), 40% were Chlorophyceae, 32% Bacillariophyceae, 22% Cyanophyceae, Euglenophyceae 3.5% and 2.5% remaining Chrysophyceae, Xanthophyceae, Cryptophyceae and Dinophyceae. The determined state was β mesosaprobic and the water quality was α mesosaprobic. | Instituto de Limnología "Raúl A. Ringuelet"

A micro-bacia do córrego Banguelo da sub-bacia Bom Jesus contribui, junto com outras, para formação do reservatório da Pampulha, cuja poluição é considerada um dos grandes problemas ambientais do município de Belo Horizonte. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do uso e ocupação do solo na qualidade da água num ciclo sazonal em diferentes pontos da micro-bacia. Para o monitoramento da qualidade da água, os parâmetros analisados foram: pH, turbidez, oxigênio dissolvido, fosfato, nitrato, nitrogênio total, temperatura, DBO5, DQO, sólidos totais e coliformes termotolerantes. Foi realizado, ainda, um levantamento florístico e das condições de ocupação do solo nas margens do córrego. A partir dos resultados do monitoramento, foram calculados os índices de qualidade da água (IQA NSF) e identificados os pontos com maior grau de poluição. A análise do IQA indicou que a qualidade da água oscilou entre média e ruim no período seco, tendo-se observado a melhoria da qualidade da água para boa e média no período chuvoso. A deterioração da qualidade das águas ocorreu devido ao lançamento de efluente industrial e esgoto das áreas urbanizadas, com ocorrência de níveis baixos de oxigênio dissolvido, alta concentração de matéria orgânica e nutrientes. Nas áreas com vegetação, observou-se diminuição na concentração de poluentes (principalmente nitrato e fosfato), indicando a importância da manutenção da vegetação ripária como medida de melhoria da qualidade das águas na região. A minimização da poluição neste córrego pode melhorar a qualidade da água da sub-bacia e, consequentemente, contribuir para deseutrofização do reservatório da Pampulha. | The Banguelo creek micro-basin, in the sub-basin Bom Jesus contributes for the formation of Pampulha reservoir, along with other contributors. The pollution in this reservoir is considered one of the major environmental problems of the city of Belo Horizonte. This paper evaluated the effect of land use and occupation in Banguelo Creek on its water quality, considering the seasonal cycle in several points of the micro-basin. The analyzed parameters for monitoring the water quality were: pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, phosphate, nitrate, total nitrogen, temperature, BOD5, COD and thermotolerant coliforms. The results were analyzed based on a floristic survey and on land occupation conditions in the micro-basin. Water quality index (WQI NSF) was calculated and the points with the highest degree of pollution were identified. Analysis of WQI indicated that the water quality fell in the classes "average" and "bad" during dry season, with improvement for "good" and "average" in the rainy season. The deterioration of water quality was attributed to the discharge of industrial effluent and sewage that caused low levels of dissolved oxygen, high concentration of organic matter and nutrients. In areas with vegetation, a decrease in the concentrations of pollutants (mainly nitrate and phosphate) was observed, indicating the importance of maintaining riparian vegetation to improve the water quality in the region. The decrease in the pollution level of this creek could improve the water quality in the region, contributing to the eutrophication reduction of Pampulha reservoir.