为全面评估我国葵花籽油产品质量，给产品开发、精炼加工和消费者选购提供参考，采集了7个品牌11款葵花籽油产品，分析了其基础理化品质（酸值和过氧化值）、营养素（维生素E、植物甾醇、角鲨烯）含量、危害物（反式脂肪酸、多环芳烃、苯并\[a\]芘、3-氯丙醇酯、缩水甘油酯）水平以及风味特性。结果表明：不同葵花籽油产品间酸值和过氧化值存在明显差异，但均符合国家标准限量要求；维生素E和植物甾醇是葵花籽油的主要营养素，维生素E含量均值为75.45 mg/100 g(以α-生育酚当量计)，植物甾醇含量均值为4 040.00 mg/kg，另外，角鲨烯含量均值为127.40 mg/kg；所有葵花籽油产品反式脂肪酸含量均小于0.30 g/100 mL，满足零反式脂肪酸宣称要求；11款葵花籽油产品苯并\[a\]芘含量符合国家标准；11款葵花籽油产品多环芳烃和3-氯丙醇酯含量均低于欧盟标准限量要求，但缩水甘油酯含量存在一定超标风险；风味属性方面，有4款葵花籽油产品具有明显风味，以熟瓜子味、焦煳味和咸鲜味为主。综上，市售葵花籽油产品质量、安全性较好，但各品牌工厂精炼水平和危害物控制能力存在差异，同时不少品牌开始推出风味葵花籽油产品。In order to comprehensively evaluate the quality of sunflower seed oil products in China, and provide reference for product development, refining and purchasing, 11 sunflower seed oil products from 7 brands were collected, and their basic physicochemical properties (acid value and peroxide value), nutrient (vitamin E, phytosterol, squalene) content, hazard (trans fatty acid, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, benzo\[a\]pyrene, 3-chloropropanol ester, and glycidyl ester) levels and flavor characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that there were obvious differences in acid value and peroxide value among different products, but they all met the limit requirements of national standard. Vitamin E and phytosterol were the main nutrients of sunflower seed oil. The average contents of vitamin E and phytosterol were 75.45 mg α-TE/100 g and 4 040.00 mg/kg, respectively. The average content of squalene was 127.40 mg/kg. All products had a trans fatty acid content of less than 0.30 g/100 mL, meeting the requirement of zero trans fatty acid claim. The benzo \[a\] pyrene content in the 11 products met the national standard. The contents of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and 3-chloropropanol ester in 11 products were lower than the EU standard limit requirements, but there was a certain risk of excessive glycidyl ester content. In terms of flavor attributes, four products have distinct flavors, mainly characterized by cooked sunflower seed flavor, burnt flavor and salty freshness.In summary, the quality and safety of sunflower seed oil products available on the market are relatively good, but there are differences in the refining levels and hazard control capabilities among various brands′ factories. At the same time, many brands have begun to introduce flavored sunflower seed oil products.

旨在保障油料油脂供应链安全和促进油料油脂产业健康发展，基于生产、贸易、跨境物流、加工等环节视角，重点分析了大食物观下油料油脂产业链韧性提升面临的挑战，并提出建议。结果发现：生产方面，我国油料油脂产业链韧性提升面临大宗植物油料种植面积波动较大、单产提升缓慢，小品种植物油料缺乏良种、价格高，动物油脂的原料成本高、品质参差不齐；贸易方面，我国油料油脂的进口依存度高，进口来源国家高度集中；物流方面，我国油料油脂跨境物流供应链存在一定脆弱性；加工方面，我国油脂加工领域存在外资占比过高、产能长期过剩、自主创新后劲不足等问题。据此，提出高质量发展多元化本土油料资源供给体系、夯实抵御国内外冲击的基础，实施进口多元化战略、缓释跨境物流供应链脆弱性，发挥龙头企业引领作用、增强产业链更新能力等政策建议。In order to ensure the security of the oilseeds and fats supply chain and promote the healthy development of the oilseeds and fats industry, based on the perspective of production, trade, cross-border logistics and processing, the challenges to enhance the resilience of the oilseeds and fats industry chain under all-encompassing approach to food were analyzed, and the suggestions were proposed. Research has found that in terms of production, the resilience improvement of China′s oilseeds and fats industry chain faces significant fluctuations in the planting area of bulk plant oilseeds, slow increase in unit yield, lack of high-quality seeds and high prices for small variety plant oilseeds, and high raw material costs and uneven quality of animal oils. In terms of trade, China has a high dependence on the import of oilseeds and fats, and the source countries of imports are highly concentrated. In terms of logistics, there are certain vulnerabilities in the cross-border logistics supply chain of oilseeds and fats in China. In terms of processing, there are issues such as a high proportion of foreign investment, long-term overcapacity, and insufficient momentum for independent innovation in China′s oilseeds and fats processing industry. Policy suggestions are put forward such as developing a diversified local oilseeds resource supply system with high quality to consolidate the foundation of resisting domestic and international shocks, implementing import diversification strategy to ease the vulnerability of cross-border logistics supply chain, and playing the leading role of leading enterprises to enhance the ability of industry chain renewal.

旨在为‘清香’核桃产业发展提供理论依据和发展思路，对4个产地的‘清香’核桃的感官品质、核仁基本营养成分和油脂脂肪酸组成及含量、核仁抗氧化物质含量和抗氧化能力进行测定，并采用主成分分析对核桃品质进行综合评价。结果表明：4个产地中，甘肃成县‘清香’核桃感官品质最佳，脂肪含量达70.41%，油脂中不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸含量分别为91.80%和7589%，ω-6多不饱和脂肪酸与ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸含量比值（6.59）最接近中国营养学会推荐的比值范围；陕西宜君县‘清香’核桃水分含量（3.90%）、可溶性糖含量（1.53%）最高，DPPH自由基清除能力（179.73 μmol/g）最强；山西闻喜县‘清香’核桃核壳色泽得分、总黄酮含量（0.13%）最高，ABTS自由基清除能力（135.18 μmol/g）最强；河北赞皇县‘清香’核桃蛋白质、碳水化合物、单宁和维生素E含量最高，分别为1577%、3.96%、0.713 g/100 g和1.45 mg/100 g，但其涩味最重。4个产地‘清香’核桃综合品质得分从高到低依次为甘肃成县、陕西宜君县、山西闻喜县、河北赞皇县。综上，不同产地‘清香’核桃在感官、营养品质等多项品质指标上存在差异，其中，甘肃成县‘清香’核桃在外观、口感、油脂脂肪酸组成以及不饱和脂肪酸组成方面表现最好，综合表现最佳。Aiming to provide theoretical basis and development ideas for the development of Qingxiang walnut industry, the fruit sensory quality, basic nutrient composition of kernel, fatty acid composition and content of oil, antioxidant substances content and antioxidant capacity of Qingxiang walnut kernel from four regions were determined, and the principal component analysis was conducted to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the quality of Qingxiang walnut from different regions. The results showed that the sensory quality of Qingxiang walnut in Chengxian County, Gansu was the best among the four regions, with fat content in oil of 70.41%, unsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid content of 91.80% and 75.89%, respectively, and the ratio of ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid content to ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content (6.59) was the closest to the range of ratio recommended by the Chinese Nutrition Society. The highest moisture content (3.90%), soluble sugar content (1.53%), and the strongest DPPH free radical scavenging ability(179.73 μmol/g) were found in Qingxiang walnut from Yijun County, Shaanxi, while the highest score for color of walnuts′ seed shells, content of total flavonoids (013%), and the strongest ABTS free radical scavenging ability (135.18 μmol/g) were found in Qingxiang walnut from Wenxi County, Shanxi. The Qingxiang walnut from Zanhuang County, Hebei, had the highest protein, carbohydrate, tannin and VE contents of 15.77%, 3.96%, 0.713 g/100 g and 145 mg/100 g, respectively, but their astringency was the heaviest. The comprehensive quality scores of the Qingxiang walnut from Chengxian County, Gansu was the highest, followed by Yijun County, Shaanxi, Wenxi County, Shanxi, and Zanhuang County, Hebei. In conclusion, the Qingxiang walnut from different regions differed in quality indexes such as sensory and nutritional qualities, among which, the Qingxiang walnut produced in Chengxian County, Gansu, shows the best performance in terms of appearance, taste, fatty acid composition and unsaturated fatty acid composition of oil, and has the best overall performance.

过度开发、非法猎捕和利用野生动物资源已经成为威胁生物多样性的重要因素。将野外非法获取的动物混入合法养殖动物中掩盖违法犯罪的行为层出不穷，因此需要从科学鉴定角度区分不同来源的动物。骨骼肌是非法猎捕和贸易的主要目标产品，但尚没有有效的方法鉴别其来源。本研究以被归入《国家畜禽资源目录》的新型家禽，同时又是“三有”物种的环颈雉（<italic>Phasianus colchicus</italic>）为例，采用甲基化敏感性高分辨率熔解曲线技术（methylation-sensitive high resolution melting，MS-HRM）测试了26个甲基化水平在野生和圈养环颈雉之间具有潜在差异的位点，得到11个可以稳定检测的位点。统计分析发现，<italic>LOC116232884</italic>、<italic>NFATC2</italic>、<italic>FGF9</italic>-<italic>3</italic>、<italic>FGF9</italic>-<italic>2</italic>、<italic>MAPK8</italic>、<italic>DUSP10</italic>和<italic>MYCN</italic>七个位点在两组间的甲基化水平差异达到显著或极显著水平（<italic>P </italic>= 0.000 ~ 0.004），各位点整体正确鉴别率为62.22% ~ 82.78%，累积鉴别能力可达99.999 93%。研究结果为建立鉴别野生和圈养环颈雉的方法提供了位点资源和检测方法，也为解决其他同类物种的鉴别问题提供了借鉴。

旨在为进口大豆安全储存和生产实践提供参考，结合到港美国大豆和巴西大豆品质特点，模拟大豆在立筒仓静态储存期间的环境条件，研究其在不同储存温度下的品质变化情况。结果表明：在加速模拟储存试验中，水分为13.00%、粗脂肪酸值（KOH）为1.24 mg/g、热损伤粒率为0.27%的巴西大豆，在36 ℃下宜存期在105 d左右，在40 ℃下宜存期缩短为90 d左右；水分为13.78%、粗脂肪酸值（KOH）为2.31 mg/g、热损伤粒率为2.86%的巴西大豆，在36 ℃和40 ℃下宜存期均没有超过30 d；而水分为10.85%、粗脂肪酸值（KOH）为0.80 mg/g、热损伤粒率为0.27%的美国大豆，在40 ℃下储存77 d后，其粗脂肪酸值（KOH）为2.25 mg/g，即便是在45 ℃下储存77 d,其粗脂肪酸值（KOH）也仅为3.05 mg/g，仍符合高油大豆的宜存要求。综上，美国大豆无论是实际储存情况还是在加速模拟储存试验中高温条件下储存，其抗高温能力远远优于巴西大豆，油脂企业应结合其产地大豆品质特点和加工计划对加工原料进行综合评估，产销协同。 Aiming to provide reference for the safe storage and production practice of imported soybeans, a targeted experimental plan simulating the environmental conditions of soybeans during static storage in silos was developed to study their quality changes at different storage temperatures by combining the quality characteristics of American soybeans and Brazilian soybeans at the port. The results showed that in accelerated simulated storage test, Brazilian soybeans with moisture content of 13.00%, crude fat acidity of 1.24 mgKOH/g, and percent of heat-damaged kernel of 0.27% were found to have a shelf life of only about 105 d at 36 ℃, and at 40 ℃, the shelf life was shortened to about 90 d. Brazilian soybeans with moisture content of 13.78%, crude fat acidity of 2.31 mgKOH/g, and percent of heat-damaged kernel of 2.86% were suitable for storage for no more than 30 d at both 36 ℃ and 40 ℃. The American soybeans with moisture content of 10.85%, crude fat acidity of 0.80 mgKOH/g, and percent of heat-damaged kernel of 0.27% had a crude fat acidity of 2.25 mgKOH/g after being stored for 77 d in an accelerated simulated experiment at 40 ℃, and even at 45 ℃, the crude fat acidity was only 3.05 mgKOH/g, which still met the suitable storage requirements for high oil soybeans. In conclusion, American soybeans exhibit significantly better high-temperature resistance than Brazilian soybeans, both in actual storage and under high-temperature conditions during accelerated simulated storage tests. Oil and fat enterprises should comprehensively evaluate the processing materials based on the quality characteristics and processing plans of their soybeans production areas, and coordinate production and sales.