利用高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测器（HPLC-ELSD）法对青海亚麻籽油中的甘三酯（TAG）组分进行了定性、定量研究，并运用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统建立其TAG标准指纹图谱，利用指纹图谱鉴别掺入5%~50%的大豆油、玉米油、菜籽油、花生油、葵花籽油、芝麻油的掺伪模型。结果表明：亚麻籽油中主要的TAG为OLnLn（29.40%）、LnLnLn（23.71%）、OLnO（15.10%）、OLLn（13.43%）、LLnLn（13.32%）；指纹图谱鉴别结果与真实掺伪量的相对误差表明所建立的指纹图谱可以较好地鉴别掺入5%~50%的大豆油、葵花籽油、芝麻油的掺伪模型，对花生油掺伪量10%的掺伪模型的鉴别相对误差较高（9.15%），未能实现对菜籽油掺伪量5%掺伪模型的鉴别。试验构建的青海亚麻籽油TAG指纹图谱可为青海省亚麻籽油质量监控和掺伪识别提供理论依据。The triglyceride (TAG) components in Qinghai flaxseed oil were determined qualitatively and quantitatively by HPLC-ELSD, and the standard TAG fingerprint was established by the similarity evaluation system of traditional Chinese medicine chromatographic fingerprint. The fingerprint constructed was used to identify the adulteration model of soybean oil, corn oil, rapeseed oil, peanut oil, sunflower seed oil and sesame oil with adulteration amount 5%-50%. The results showed that the main TAGs in Qinghai flaxseed oil were OLnLn (29.40%), LnLnLn (23.71%), OLnO (15.10%), OLLn (13.43%), LLnLn (13.32%).The relative error between the identification result and the true adulteration amount showed that the fingerprint constructed could identify the adulteration models of soybean oil, sunflower seed oil and sesame oil with adulteration amount 5%-50%, and the relative error for the 10% peanut oil adulteration model was relatively high (915%), and the identification of the 5% rapeseed oil adulteration model could not be realized. The TAG fingerprint of Qinghai flaxseed oil constructed provides a theoretical basis for quality control and adulteration identification of Qinghai flaxseed oil.

为了探索基于近红外光谱技术快速无损鉴别掺假油茶籽油的可行性，以赣南茶油为研究对象，通过掺入不同植物油如玉米油、花生油、菜籽油、葵花籽油和大豆油等制备掺假油茶籽油，应用近红外光谱技术采集其光谱特征信息，对比不同预处理方法和主成分数，并结合线性和非线性建模方法建立油茶籽油掺假鉴别模型，以识别准确率(纯油茶籽油样品和掺假油茶籽油样品被正确判别的比例）、灵敏度（纯油茶籽油样品被正确判别为纯油茶籽油的比例）、特异性（掺假油茶籽油样品被正确判别为掺假油茶籽油的比例）作为模型的评价指标，优选出最佳模型。结果表明：二阶微分联合线性判别分析(SD-LDA）模型为最优线性模型，标准正态变量变换联合人工神经网络(SNV-ANN）模型为最优非线性模型，两个模型的识别准确率、灵敏度、特异性分别为 97.58%、100%、97.33%和98.99%、100%、98.88%。SNV-ANN 模型鉴别效果优于SD-LDA模型，说明非线性模型更适于油茶籽油掺假判别，该模型能更准确地鉴别油茶籽油是否掺假。 In order to explore the feasibility of rapid and non-destructive identification of adulterated oil-tea camellia seed oil based on near infrared spectroscopy, Gannan oil-tea camellia seed oil was selected as the research object, and the adulterated oil-tea camellia seed oil was prepared by blending different vegetable oils such as corn oil, peanut oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower seed oil and soybean oil. The spectral characteristics of the adulterated oil-tea camellia seed oil were collected by near infrared spectroscopy, and different pretreatment methods and main components were compared and determined. The identification model of oil-tea camellia seed oil adulteration was established by combining linear and nonlinear modeling methods. The identification accuracy(the percentage of pure and aduterated oil-tea camellia seed oil samples correctly identified, sensitivity (the percentage of pure oil-tea camellia seed oil samples correctly identified as pure oil-tea camellia seed oil) and specificity (the percentage of adulterated oil-tea camellia seed oil samples correctly identified as adulterated camellia seed oil) were used as the evaluation indexes of the model to select the best model. The results showed that the second derivative-linear discriminant analysis (SD-LDA) model was the optimal linear model, and the standard normal variable transformation-artificial neural network (SNV-ANN) model was the optimal nonlinear model, their identification accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were 97.58%, 100%, 97.33% and 98.99%, 100%, 98.88% respectively. The identification effect of SNV-ANN model was better than that of SD-LDA, which indicated that the nonlinear model was more suitable for the identification of oil-tea camellia seed oil adulteration, and the model could more accurately identify whether the oil-tea camellia seed oil was adulterated.

针对市场在售的调和油、玉米油、大豆油、花生油和菜籽油等食用植物油,随机购买20种共290份食用植物油样品。采用液相色谱法测定AFB1、AFB2、AFG1、AFG2以及OTA、OTB真菌毒素的含量，对食用植物油中黄曲霉毒素和赭曲霉毒素的污染水平和分布特征进行分析。结果表明：20种290份食用植物油样品中，有16种共67份样品存在不同程度的真菌毒素污染，总污染率达到23.1%，不同种类食用植物油污染呈现“多种类、共分布”的特点，其中AFG1污染率（14.8%）最高，其次为OTA（13.4%）。绝大多数阳性样本受1～4种真菌毒素污染，仅有少数阳性样本受真菌毒素污染数量达到5种。总体上食用植物油样品受到多种真菌毒素的混合污染情况比较严重，应引起一定的重视。 A total of 290 samples from 20 kinds of edible vegetable oils such as blended oil, corn oil, soybean oil, peanut oil, and rapeseed oil on the market were randomly purchased. Then, the contents of AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2, OTA and OTB were accurately determined by HPLC to investigate the pollution levels and distribution characteristics of aflatoxins and ochratoxins in edible vegetable oils. The results showed that among the 20 kinds of 290 edible vegetable oil samples, 16 kinds of 67 samples suffered from different degrees of mycotoxin contamination, and the total pollution rate reached 23.1%. The pollution of different kinds of edible vegetable oils presented the characteristics of multi-species and co-distribution. AFG1 had the highest pollution rate (14.8%), followed by OTA (13.4%). Besides, the vast majority of positive samples were contaminated by 1-4 kinds of mycotoxins, only a few positive samples were contaminated with 5 kinds of mycotoxins. Overall, the problem that the edible vegetable oil samples are polluted by multiple mycotoxins is serious and should be paid attention to.