The new Zakhar variety of potatoes with high commercial and table qualities, resistant to the most dangerous pathogens, adaptive to irrigated conditions of the steppe zone is presented. The hybrid material was selected in the South Ural Research Institute of Horticulture and Potato Growing by inter- varietal crossings. The breeding nurseries were placed on autumn fallows. The experiment on ecological testing of the new variety was carried out in 2015 – 2017, with the clean fallow land used as predecessor. In autumn, mineral potash fertilizers were applied, while in spring the ammophos and ammonium nitrate were applied. The time of sowing was the second and third decades of May and the semi-ridged planting was carried out with the GRIMME potato planter. During the growing season, the plantation was treated with herbicides and fungicides, as well as sprinkler irrigation was used from 6 to 8 times. The full botanical description of the plant, showing its resistance to the main diseases: late blight, early blight, scab, cancer, and rhizoctonia, has been given. The results of ecological trials of Zakhar potatoes variety have been analyzed: yield - 44.2 - 47.8 t per 1 ha (excess over the standard Spiridon variety + 9.3 t/ha), marketable tuber weight – 88 – 100 g, with about 10 - 13 tubers formed. It has been proved that the Zakhar variety is characterized with high and stable yields (838-1152 g/bush), agro-ecological plasticity and high marketability of tubers (93.8%). The new variety has higher content of dry matter (22.9%) and starch (14.1–16.8%), as well as good taste (5 points). The use for planting the new Zakhar variety allows achieving the yield of at least 46 t/ha with a marketable value of 93.2% provided for optimization of water availability and mineral nutrition of plants. | Представлен новый сорт картофеля Захар, обладающий высокими товарными и столовыми качествами, устойчивый к наиболее опасным патогенам, адаптивный для орошаемых условий степной зоны. Гибридный материал создан в Южно-Уральском НИИ садоводства и картофелеводства путём межсортовых скрещиваний. Селекционные питомники размещались по чёрному пару. Эксперимент по экологическому испытанию нового сорта проводился в 2015 – 2017 гг., предшественником служил чистый пар. Осенью вносились минеральные калийные удобрения, весной – аммофос и аммиачная селитра. Сроки посева – вторая и третья декады мая, посадка осуществлялась в полугребни картофелесажалкой GRIMME. За период вегетации проводилась обработка гербицидами и фунгицидами, а также полив дождевальной машиной – от 6 – 8 раз. Дано полное ботаническое описание растения, показана его устойчивость к основным болезням: фитофторозу, альтернариозу, парше обыкновенной, раку, ризоктониозу. Проанализированы результаты экологического сортоиспытания сорта Захар: урожайность составляет 44,2 – 47,8 т с 1 га (превышение над сортом-стандартом Спиридон + 9,3 т/га), масса товарного клубня – 88 – 100 г, в гнезде формируется 10 – 13 клубней. Доказано, что сорт Захар обладает высокой и стабильной продуктивностью (838–1152 г/куст), агроэкологической пластичностью, высокой товарностью клубней (93,8%). Новый сорт обладает повышенным содержанием сухих веществ (22,9%) и крахмалом (14,1–16,8%), а также хорошими вкусовыми качествами (5 баллов). Использование в посадках нового сорта Захар позволяет получать урожайность не менее 46 т/га с товарностью 93,2%, при условии оптимизации влагообеспеченности и минерального питания растений.

During the last decades increasing the harmfulness of virus pathogens on crops, in particular Bean yellow mosaic (BYMV) was observed grown in intensity. The causative agent as most members of the Рotyvirus genus, has a wide range of host plants belonging to various families including Fabaceae. The distribution area of BYMV considerably expanded after advancement of heat-loving leguminous crops towards the north. During the last years epiphytotics were reported in the planted crops of kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), and Russian bean (Faba bona Medik. var. major Harz.) under conditions of temperate continental climate of the nonchernozem belt in Russia. Searching BYMV resistance sources and creating a starting breeding material are priorities in the phytopathological research. The tasks of this stage included: identification and study of the properties of BYMV Moscow isolates; integral assessment of resistance and other economically valuable characteristics of collection material and breeding stock material of kidney bean (810 specimens) and Russian bean (40 specimens) generated in the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center. To achieve the goal visual, serological diagnostic methods were used together with biotesting and electron microscopy. The research revealed special physical-chemical characteristics of BYMV Moscow isolates characterized by 100% harmfulness when occurred as co-infection with the other viruses. The main symptoms caused by the above isolates in indicator plants and host plants under conditions of the Moscow Region have been described. Evaluation of collection and selection materials of kidney bean and Russian bean formed the basis for identification of the sources of resistance to BYMV exhibiting integrated economically valuable properties (early ripeness, bean shape and color, productivity, etc.). These specimens have been included into selection program for creating high productive green bean varieties meeting the requirements of the modern market. | В последние десятилетия отмечено нарастание вредоносности вирусопатогенов на посевах с.-х культур, в частности вируса желтой мозаики фасоли – ВЖМФ (Bean yellow mosaic – BYMV). Возбудитель, как и большинство представителей рода Рotyvirus, имеет широкий круг растений-хозяев из различных семейств, в том числе и из Fabaceae. В последние годы эпифитотии регистрированы на посевах фасоли обыкновенной (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) и бобов овощных (Faba bona Medik. var. major Harz.) в условиях умеренно-континентального климата Нечерноземной зоны РФ. Поиск источников устойчивости к ВЖМФ и создание исходного материала для селекции является в настоящее время приоритетным направлением наших фитопатологических исследований. В задачи данного этапа входили идентификация и изучение свойств московских изолятов ВЖМФ; комплексная оценка устойчивости и других хозяйственно ценных признаков коллекционного и селекционного материала фасоли овощной (810 образцов) и бобов овощных (40 образцов) лаборатории селекции и семеноводства бобовых культур Федерального научного центра овощеводства. В работе использовали методы визуальной диагностики, серологической диагностики, биотестирования и электронной микроскопии. На основании проведенных исследований выявлены особенности физико-химических характеристик московских изолятов ВЖМФ, вредоносность которых в смешанной инфекции с другими вирусами доходила до 100%. Описаны основные симптомы, вызываемые данными изолятами на растениях-индикаторах и на растениях-хозяевах в условиях Московской области. На основе оценки коллекционного и селекционного материала фасоли овощной и бобов овощных выделены источники резистентности к ВЖМФ с комплексом хозяйственно ценных признаков (скороспелость, форма и цвет боба, продуктивность и др.). Данные образцы включены в селекционную программу по созданию высокопродуктивных сортов фасоли овощной, отвечающих требованиям современного рынка.

RESUMO Na última década a rosa do deserto ganhou destaque no mercado de flores, principalmente entre colecionadores, devido às suas formas exóticas e esculturais; porém, o cultivo da espécie em escala comercial é bastante recente e pouco se sabe acerca do manejo da cultura, inclusive no que diz respeito à recomendação de substratos. Assim, objetiva-se nesse trabalho estudar a interação entre substratos e níveis de irrigação no desenvolvimento de rosa do deserto em vaso. Conduziu-se o experimento em casa de vegetação em esquema fatorial 6 x 2, com seis repetições, adotando-se seis substratos e dois níveis de irrigação. As misturas foram caracterizadas mensurando-se suas propriedades físicas (densidade e capacidade de retenção de água - CRA) e químicas (pH e condutividade elétrica - CE). Aos 210 dias de cultivo avaliou-se o crescimento das plantas; além do consumo de água pela cultura. Para as misturas compostas por vermiculita verificou-se menor densidade seca em relação às compostas por areia; no entanto, a CRA variou de 428 a 528 mL L-1 entre as misturas, valores próximos aos considerados ideais. De modo geral, o crescimento das plantas teve maiores incrementos nas misturas compostas por fibra de coco mais areia ou vermiculita, independente do nível de irrigação. As misturas vermiculita + fibra de coco e areia + fibra de coco podem ser empregadas para o cultivo em vaso de rosa do deserto, quando se mantiver os níveis de irrigação entre 60-70% e 80-90% da CRA das misturas. | ABSTRACT In the past decades, desert rose has become a very popular ornamental plant, especially among collectors, due to its exotic and sculptural forms. However, it has been grown on a commercial scale only recently, and little is known about how to best manage it as a container-grown plant, or even which potting medium (substrate) to recommend. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the interactions between potting media and irrigation levels for growing desert rose as a potted ornamental plant. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using a 6 x 2 factorial arrangement with six replications, six potting media and two irrigation levels. The mixes were characterized by measuring their physical properties, specifically the density and water retention capacity (WRC), as well as chemical properties, such as the pH and electrical conductivity (EC). After 210 days, plant growth and plant water consumption were evaluated and measured. A lower dry density for the vermiculite mixes was observed in comparison to that for the sand mixes. However, WRC ranged from 428 to 528 mL L-1 among the mixes, values considered close to ideal. In general, plant growth exhibited higher increases in mixes consisting of coconut fiber + sand or vermiculite, regardless of the irrigation level. Mixes of vermiculite + coconut fiber and sand + coconut fiber can be used to grow desert rose in pots, as long as irrigation is used to maintain the moisture content of the potting medium (mix) between 60-70% and 80-90% of the WRC.

The objective of the study was to determine the ME requirement of growing Philippine native pigs from 20 to 40 kg. Twenty growing Philippine native pigs were blocked by initial weight and gender and were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments using a randomized complete block design. There were 5 replicate pigs per treatment. Diets were formulated with 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, and 3.4 Mcal ME/kg, respectively, corresponding to standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys: ME ratio of 2.97 g/Mcal. Overall (d 0 to 35), ADG and final BW was unaffected by ME level; however, there was a tendency (P=0.07) for a linear decrease in ADFI and a linear improvement in F/G with increasing ME. Average backfat thickness and 10th rib fat depth linearly increased (P0.02) with increasing ME of the diet. A linear (P0.02) decrease in SFFL was observed as ME level increased from 3,100 to 3,400 kcal/kg. There is, however, a tendency (P0.05) observed in absolute and relative organ weights as the ME levels increased from 3.1 to 3.4 Mcal/kg. In conclusion, the ME requirements for maximum F/G for growing Philippine native pigs between 20 to 40 kg is 3.4 Mcal ME/kg, when diets are formulated at standardized ileal digestible Lys: ME ratio of 2.97 g/Mcal.

The objective of the study was to compare the digestibility of nutrients, energy and dietary fiber in conventional feed ingredients fed to Philippine native and modern crossbred pigs. A total of 6 Philippine native (Black Tiaong) and 9 hybrid pigs (PIC L337 x C24) were randomly allotted 1 of 3 experimental treatments arranged in a 3 x 6 (native pigs) and 2 x 9 (hybrid pigs) Latin square design. A corn basal diet consisting of 94.89% corn (as-fed basis) and vitamins and minerals was formulated. The next two diets were formulated by mixing 70% of the basal diet with 30% (as-fed basis) soybean meal and rice bran. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients, NDF, ADF and ash and the DE and ME concentration of each ingredient was calculated using the difference procedure. Results showed that ATTD of GE and ME of the diet were greater (P0.001) compared with those measured in native pigs were greater (P0.001) compared with those measured in modern crossbred pigs. Native pigs also had greater (P0.03) ATTD of CP, crude fiber, NDF, ADF, and ash and tended (P

The study aimed to obtain information about production, feeding, and marketing practices of native pig raisers in selected regions of the Philippines. A total of 240 native pigs raisers were personally interviewed using either self-assisted or self-administered survey questionnaire. The multi-stage sampling procedure was used in the selection of the provinces, municipalities, and barangays [villages] covered by the study. Descriptive statistics was used in this research study. Majority of respondents were male, in their productive age, married, finished elementary education and with 1-5 household members. Moreover, respondents mentioned that native pig raising has been traditional enterprise and has been their major source of income. Common problems encountered consist of inadequate capital, lack of technical knowledge, diseases, low market price and high cost of feeds. Parents and friends are sources of knowledge and information in native pig raising. Overall, majority of the respondents employed traditional practices in terms of feeds and feeding, housing, breeding, health and disease prevention, and marketing.

Twenty growing Philippine native pigs were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments using a randomized complete block design to determine whether there were differences in SID AA Requirements. There were five replicate pigs per treatment. Diets were formulated within 0.717, 0.865, 1.010, and 1.156% standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lysine (Lys), respectively, which corresponded to SID Lys:ME ratios of 2.11, 2.54, 2.97, and 3.4 g/Mcal. All pigs were offered ad libitum intake from d 0 to 35. Overall (d 0 to 35), Philippine native pigs fed with 1.01 % SID Lys had better performance than pig not fed with 1.0 1% SID Lys. Moreover, pigs fed with increasing % SID Lys had quadratic relationships in ME efficiency at d 0 to 35 (P=0.01). However, no significant differences (P0.05) were observed in carcass and meat quality characteristics. Meanwhile, quadratic relationship (P=0.02) were observed in kidney, whereas a linear response (P=0.004 were noted in liver with increasing graded level of % SID Lys. Additionally, a quadratic response was observed in value of gain/pig (P=0.02), feed cost/kg gain (P=0.02), and MOFC/pig (P=0.01) in live weight basis and there is a linear relationship were revealed in carcass basis (feed cost/pig, P=0.009). From the results of this study, it is concluded that diets containing 1.01% SID Lys and a lysine:ME ratio of 2.97 g/Mcal are recommended for use in the feeding of Philippine native pigs at 20 to 40-kg.